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Penny's academic career began with a research fellowship at [[Clare Hall, Cambridge]], after which he went on to teach [[art history]] at [[Manchester University]]. While still in his early thirties, Penny was appointed to the [[Slade Professor of Fine Art|Slade Professorship]] at [[Oxford University]] and to a senior research fellowship at [[King's College, Cambridge]]. He was the co-author, with [[Francis Haskell]], of ''Taste and the Antique'', a study of the formation of the canon of [[classical sculpture]] published in 1984.
Between 1984 and 1989 Penny was keeper of the department of [[Western art]] at the [[Ashmolean Museum]], [[Oxford]] and professorial fellow of [[Balliol College, Oxford]]. In 1990 he began a long association with the [[National Gallery]], joining the institution as Clore Curator of Renaissance Painting. Shortly afterwards, in 1991, he identified the ''[[Madonna of the Pinks]]'' belonging to the [[Ralph Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland|Duke of Northumberland]] as a genuine [[Raphael]], and not a copy of a lost original as was previously supposed. The painting came to public prominence in 2002 when the Gallery undertook a major fundraising campaign in order to prevent the painting's sale to the [[Getty Center]] in [[Los Angeles]]. Earlier that year Penny made an unsuccessful bid for the directorship of the National Gallery, the post going to [[Charles Saumarez Smith]]. Again in 2002, Penny was appointed senior curator of sculpture at the [[National Gallery of Art]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] Following Saumarez Smith's early resignation from his post, Penny was once again a candidate for heading the London National Gallery, and this time he succeeded.
During his time as Director, Penny worked with the [[National Galleries of Scotland]] to help secure for the nation two of Titian's paintings: '[[Diana and Actaeon (Titian)|Diana and Actaeon]]' and '[[Diana and Callisto]]'.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2014-06-23|title=Nicholas Penny Steps Down from London's National Gallery|url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/nicholas-penny-steps-down-from-londons-national-gallery-46369|access-date=2020-11-08|website=artnet News|language=en-US}}</ref> He also oversaw the Gallery's first major acquisition of an American painting, '[[Men of the Docks]]' by [[George Bellows]].<ref name=":0" /> The Gallery broke its record attendance under Penny’s leadership, exceeding six million visitors in 2013.<ref name=":0" /> In June 2014, Penny announced his retirement from the National Gallery after six years as Director.<ref name=":0" /> He retired in 2015, and was appointed a [[Knight Bachelor]] in the Queen's [[2015 Birthday Honours]].
Penny is a regular contributor to ''[[The Burlington Magazine]]'' and the ''[[London Review of Books]]''. He has also published books, exhibition catalogues, and articles on picture frames and Italian Renaissance painting, and on Raphael, Sir Joshua Reynolds, and Richard Payne Knight.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nicholas Penny|url=https://www.nga.gov/press/biographies/bios-penny.html|access-date=2020-11-08|website=www.nga.gov}}</ref>
== Personal life ==
Penny has twin daughters.
== Bibliography ==
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==Sources==
*{{cite news |first=Fiona |last=Maddocks |title=The National Gallery finds the right man |newspaper=[[The Evening Standard]] |date=27 November 2007 |url=http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/arts/article-23423289-details/The+National+Gallery+finds+the+right+man/article.do |accessdate=2007-01-12 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112042550/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/arts/article-23423289-details/The+National+Gallery+finds+the+right+man/article.do |archivedate=12 January 2009 |df=dmy-all }}
*{{cite news |first=Jonathan |last=Jones |
*{{cite news |first=Charlotte |last=Higgins |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060909052036/http://www.nga.gov/press/2002/releases/nga_staff/penny.shtm 2002 press release from the National Gallery of Art on Penny's appointment as Senior Curator of Sculpture]
*[http://web.balliol.ox.ac.uk/news/index.asp Balliol College News mentioning quondam fellowship of the college and appointment to the National Gallery]
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{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Penny, Nicholas}}
[[Category:British art historians]]
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