Trilaciclib

Trilaciclib
Clinical data
Trade names	Cosela
License data	US DailyMed: Trilaciclib;
Routes of; administration	Intravenous
Drug class	Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor
ATC code	None;
Legal status
Legal status	US: ℞-only;
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 4-[[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl]amino]spiro[1,3,5,11-tetrazatricyclo[7.4.0.02,7]trideca-2,4,6,8-tetraene-13,1'-cyclohexane]-10-one;
CAS Number	1374743-00-6;
PubChem CID	68029831;
DrugBank	DB15442;
ChemSpider	58825997;
UNII	U6072DO9XG;
KEGG	D11130;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL3894860;
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C24H30N8O
Molar mass	446.559 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES CN1CCN(CC1)C1=CN=C(NC2=NC3=C(C=C4N3C3(CCCCC3)CNC4=O)C=N2)C=C1;
	InChI InChI=1S/C24H30N8O/c1-30-9-11-31(12-10-30)18-5-6-20(25-15-18)28-23-26-14-17-13-19-22(33)27-16-24(7-3-2-4-8-24)32(19)21(17)29-23/h5-6,13-15H,2-4,7-12,16H2,1H3,(H,27,33)(H,25,26,28,29); Key:PDGKHKMBHVFCMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N;

Trilaciclib, sold under the brand name Cosela, is a medication used to reduce the frequency of chemotherapy-induced bone marrow suppression.^[1]^[2]^[3]

The most common side effects include fatigue; low levels of calcium, potassium and phosphate; increased levels of an enzyme called aspartate aminotransferase; headache; and infection in the lungs (pneumonia).^[2]

Trilaciclib may help protect bone marrow cells from damage caused by chemotherapy by inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6, a type of enzyme.^[2] Trilaciclib is the first therapy in its class and was approved for medical use in the United States in February 2021.^[2]

Chemotherapy drugs are designed to kill cancer cells but can damage normal tissues as well.^[2] The bone marrow is particularly susceptible to chemotherapy damage.^[2] The bone marrow makes red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets (small fragments in the blood) that transport oxygen, fight infection, and stop bleeding.^[2] When damaged, the bone marrow produces fewer of these cells, leading to fatigue, increased risk of infection, and bleeding, among other problems.^[2] Trilaciclib may help protect the normal bone marrow cells from the harmful effects of chemotherapy.^[2]

Medical uses

Trilaciclib is indicated to reduce the frequency of chemotherapy-induced bone marrow suppression in adults receiving certain types of chemotherapy for extensive-stage (when the cancer has spread beyond the lungs) small cell lung cancer.^[1]^[2]

History

The effectiveness of trilaciclib was evaluated in three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in participants with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer.^[2] Combined, these studies randomly assigned 245 participants to receive either an infusion of trilaciclib in their veins or a placebo before chemotherapy.^[2] The studies then compared the two groups for the proportion of participants with severe neutropenia (a very low count of white blood cells called neutrophils) and the duration of severe neutropenia in the first cycle of chemotherapy.^[2] In all three studies, participants who received trilaciclib had a lower chance of having severe neutropenia compared to participants who received a placebo.^[2] Among those who had severe neutropenia, participants who received trilaciclib, on average, had it for a shorter time than participants who received a placebo.^[2]

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted the application for trilaciclib priority review and breakthrough therapy designations.^[2] The FDA granted the approval of Cosela to G1 Therapeutics, Inc.^[2]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c https://www.g1therapeutics.com/cosela/pi/
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r "FDA Approves Drug to Reduce Bone Marrow Suppression Caused by Chemotherapy". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Press release). 12 February 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ "FDA Approves G1 Therapeutics' Cosela (trilaciclib): The First and Only Myeloprotection Therapy to Decrease the Incidence of Chemotherapy-Induced Myelosuppression" (Press release). G1 Therapeutics. 12 February 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2021 – via GlobeNewswire.

This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Department of Health and Human Services

External links

"Trilaciclib". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
Clinical trial number NCT03041311 for "Carboplatin, Etoposide, and Atezolizumab With or Without Trilaciclib (G1T28), a CDK 4/6 Inhibitor, in Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)" at ClinicalTrials.gov
Clinical trial number NCT02499770 for "Trilaciclib (G1T28), a CDK 4/6 Inhibitor, in Combination With Etoposide and Carboplatin in Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)" at ClinicalTrials.gov
Clinical trial number NCT02514447 for "Trilaciclib (G1T28), a CDK 4/6 Inhibitor, in Patients With Previously Treated Extensive Stage SCLC Receiving Topotecan Chemotherapy" at ClinicalTrials.gov

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[Cosela_FDA_label-1] ttps://www.g1therapeutics.com/cosela/pi/

[FDA_PR-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r "FDA Approves Drug to Reduce Bone Marrow Suppression Caused by Chemotherapy". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Press release). 12 February 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

[3] "FDA Approves G1 Therapeutics' Cosela (trilaciclib): The First and Only Myeloprotection Therapy to Decrease the Incidence of Chemotherapy-Induced Myelosuppression" (Press release). G1 Therapeutics. 12 February 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2021 – via GlobeNewswire.

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