The Ashikaga clan (Japanese:
Ashikaga clan | |
---|---|
![]() Ashikaga Futatsubiki ( | |
Parent house | ![]() (Seiwa Genji) |
Titles | Various |
Founder | Minamoto no Yoshiyasu (Ashikaga Yoshiyasu) |
Final ruler | Ashikaga Yoshiaki |
Ruled until | 1573, Ashikaga shogunate deposed by Oda Nobunaga |
Cadet branches | Hosokawa clan Imagawa clan Hatakeyama clan (restored line) Asano clan (after Asano Nagamasa) Kira clan Shiba clan Hachisuka clan others |
For about a century, the clan was divided in two rival branches, the Kantō Ashikaga, who ruled from Kamakura, and the Kyōto Ashikaga, rulers of Japan. The rivalry ended with the defeat of the first in 1439. The clan had many notable branch clans, including the Hosokawa,[citation needed] Imagawa,[citation needed] Hatakeyama[citation needed] (after 1205), Kira [citation needed], Shiba,[citation needed] and Hachisuka clans.[citation needed] After the head family of the Minamoto clan died out during the early Kamakura period, the Ashikaga came to style themselves as the head of the Minamoto, co-opting the prestige which came with that name.
Another Ashikaga clan, not related by blood, and derived instead from the Fujiwara clan, also existed.
History
editEmperor Go-Daigo (1288–1339) destroyed the Kamakura shogunate in 1333, but was unable to control the unrest produced. The emperor's inefficient rule led to one of his greatest generals, Ashikaga Takauji (1305–1358), to betray him in 1335. This established the Northern Court, named after its location in Kyoto, which was north of Go-Daigo's court. The conflict between Go-Daigo and the Ashikaga clan is known as the Northern and Southern Courts disturbance (
Notable Shōguns
editThe Ashikaga clan had 15 Shōguns from 1333 to 1573.[4] Some were more powerful or prominent than others. Ashikaga Yoshimitsu was the third shogun of the Ashikaga clan. He made the Ashikaga Shogunate strong and stable. Ashikaga Yoshimitsu was responsible for the defeat of the Southern Court in 1392. Known for his patronage of the arts, he constructed the Kinkaku-ji in 1397. Yoshimitsu also expanded foreign relations with Ming China. Yoshimitsu sent an embassy to Ming Dynasty China in 1401, headed by priest Soa and Hakata merchant Koetomi. They brought with them a conciliatory memorial to the emperor, and numerous gifts including horses, fans, gold, screens, paper, swords, armor, and inkstone cases. The mission was successful, and returned to Japan the following year. A Ming envoy returned alongside Soa and Koetomi, and presented Yoshimitsu with an official imperial Chinese calendar, and documents officially recognizing (or investing) him as "King of Japan."[5]
After the death of Yoshimitsu, the Ashikaga Shogunate lost power and influence. In 1429, Ashikaga Yoshinori, the sixth shogun, adapted Yoshimitsu's policies in order to strengthen the power of the Shogunate. He wanted to increase military power but faced opposition. His 12-year reign saw the restoration of diplomatic ties and trade between Japan and China that had been the fourth Shogun, Yoshimochi's undertaking.[6]
Ashikaga Yoshiaki was the 15th and last Shogun. He came into power in 1568 with the help of the general Oda Nobunaga. After rivalry emerged between the two, Nobunaga defeated Yoshiaki and banished him from Kyoto. This effectively ended the rule of the Ashikaga clan in 1573.[7]
Clan heads
edit
1. Ashikaga Yoshiyasu[8] |
5. Ashikaga Yoriuji |
Shōguns
editNotable
editFamily tree
editSee also
editNotes
edit- ^ "...Ashikaga (1333-1572)" Warrior Rule in Japan, page 11. Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Ashikaga" in Japan Encyclopedia, pp. 53-57, p. 53, at Google Books; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File.
- ^ NetCommons (2017-03-17). "
国際 日本 文化 研究 センター学術 リポジトリ". Japan Review (in Japanese). 29. doi:10.15055/00006618. - ^ "Ashikaga Yoshiaki | Japanese shogun". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2019-10-31.
- ^ "Ashikaga Yoshimitsu - SamuraiWiki". wiki.samurai-archives.com. Retrieved 2019-10-31.
- ^ kato. "Ashikaga Yoshinori, the 6th Ashikaga Shogun". Samurai World (in Japanese). Retrieved 2019-10-31.
- ^ "Ashikaga Yoshiaki | Japanese shogun". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2019-10-31.
- ^ Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshiyasu" at p. 57., p. 57, at Google Books
- ^ Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshikane" at p. 56., p. 56, at Google Books
- ^ Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Takauji" at p. 55., p. 55, at Google Books
- ^ Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshiakira" at p. 55., p. 55, at Google Books
- ^ Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshimitsu" at p. 56., p. 56, at Google Books
- ^ Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshimochi" at p. 56., p. 56, at Google Books
- ^ Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshikazu" at p. 56., p. 56, at Google Books
- ^ Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshinori" at p. 56., p. 56, at Google Books
- ^ Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshikatsu" at p. 56., p. 56, at Google Books
- ^ Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshimasa" at p. 56., p. 56, at Google Books
- ^ Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshihisa" at p. 56., p. 56, at Google Books
- ^ Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshitane" at p. 57., p. 57, at Google Books
- ^ Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshizumi" at p. 57., p. 57, at Google Books
- ^ Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshiharu" at p. 55., p. 55, at Google Books
- ^ Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshiteru" at p. 57., p. 57, at Google Books
- ^ Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshihide" at p. 56., p. 56, at Google Books
- ^ Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshiaki" at p. 55., p. 55, at Google Books
- ^ Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Chachamaru" at p. 54., p. 54, at Google Books
- ^ Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Masatomo" at p. 54., p. 54, at Google Books
- ^ Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Mitsukane" at p. 54., p. 54, at Google Books
- ^ Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Mochiuji" at p. 54., p. 54, at Google Books
- ^ Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Motouji" at p. 54., p. 54, at Google Books
- ^ Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Shigeuji" at pp. 54-55., p. 54, at Google Books
- ^ Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Tadafuyu" at p. 55., p. 55, at Google Books
- ^ Sansom, George (1961). A History of Japan, 1334-1615. Stanford University Press. pp. 81–82, 90–91, 95, 97. ISBN 0804705259.
- ^ Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Tadayoshi" at p. 55., p. 55, at Google Books
- ^ Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Ujimitsu" at p. 55., p. 55, at Google Books
- ^ Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshimi" at p. 56., p. 56, at Google Books
References
edit- Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128