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Bulang people - Wikipedia
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Bulang people

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"Blang" redirects here. For the language, see Blang language.

The Bulang people (Chinese: 布ぬの朗ろう族ぞく; pinyin: Bùlǎngzú; also spelled Blang) are an ethnic group. They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China.

Blang (Bulang)
Total population
92,000
Regions with significant populations
China: Yunnan; smaller populations in Burma and Thailand
Languages
Blang, U
Religion
Theravada Buddhism, Animist
Related ethnic groups
Va
The Blang village of Manpo, Xishuangbanna.

Names

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Yan & Zhou (2012:147)[1] list the following autonyms of ethnic Bulang in various counties.

Exonyms for Bulang include (Yan & Zhou 2012:147):[1]

  • mɔn33 (谟): Dai exonym for the Bulang of Xishuangbanna
  • a bø55 (阿おもね别): Hani exonym for the Bulang of Xishuangbanna
  • la31 (拉ひしげ): Dai exonym for the Bulang of Shuangjiang
  • kha33 phv53 (卡朴): Lahu exonym for the Bulang
  • pa̠ ʔa̠ɯ̠ʔ (巴ともえ尔克): Wa exonym for the Bulang of Cangyuan
  • Puman (濮曼, 蒲かば满): Han Chinese exonym for the Bulang

Languages

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People classified as Bulang in China speak various Palaungic languages, including Blang and U.

The Blang language belongs to the Palaungic branch of the Austroasiatic language family. Within the Palaungic branch, Blang belongs to the Waic subgroup, which also contains the languages of the Wa and Lawa peoples in addition to Blang. Some Blang also speak the Chinese language and Southwestern Tai languages in addition to Blang. Two systems of writing, based on the Latin alphabet, have been developed: 'Totham' in the Xishuangbanna and 'Tolek' from Dehong and Lincang.

History

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Chinese ethnographers identify the Blang as descendants of an ancient tribe known as the "Pu" (濮), who lived in the Lancang river valley during ancient times. It is believed that these people were one branch of a number of peoples that were collectively known to the ancient Chinese as the Bǎipú (百ひゃく濮, literally Hundred Pu).

Culture

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See also: Pu'er tea

Traditionally, the Blang considered teeth blackened by chewing betel nuts a beauty characteristic.

The women usually dress in jackets with black skirts. The men had tattoos in the torso and the stomach. They dressed in wide black trousers and jackets buttoned to the front. Often, they would wear turbans of either white or black fabric.

The houses of the Blang are made out of bamboo and usually consist of two floors. The first floor is designed as a warehouse for food and a stable for livestock animals, such as chickens, whereas the second is designed to house the family. The chimney is located in the center of the house.

The Blang are traditionally divided into small clans, with each clan owning its own land. Every Blang town has its own cemeteries, which are divided by clans. The deceased are buried, with the exception of those who perished due to unnatural causes. In this case, they are cremated.

Bulang are among the earliest known cultivators of tea, with natural tea forest canopy home to unique species & ecosystems as opposed to monoculture fertilizer & pesticide-consuming tea plantations.

Religion

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The Blang are traditionally associated with animism, ancestor worship, and Theravada Buddhism. Writing in 2011, James Miller described these overlapping traditions as follows:

The Blang, like many nationalities in southwest China, are Theravada Buddhists, but their highly complex religious life is also informed by local beliefs and customs that relate to the traditional ecology, with special attention being paid to rice, water, bees, beeswax, and the various local spirits that are associated with them.[2]

A Christian missionary source describes them as "ardent followers of Theravada Buddhism", and offers as an estimate that 80% of the Bulang are "professing Buddhists", with a lower estimate of 35% being "practicing Buddhists".[3]

Distribution

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The Bulang are distributed in the following villages of Yunnan province (Tao 2012:16-18).[4] Except for the Bulang of Xishuangbanna, the Bulang of most of these counties speak the U language (Svantesson 1991).[5] Locations from Wang & Zhao (2013:173-179) are also included.[6]

  • Menghai County (pop. 30,678; 33% of all ethnic Bulang in China)
    • Bulangshan (Bulang Mountain) Township 布ぬの朗ろう山やま乡
    • Bada Township 巴ともえ达乡
    • Xiding Township 西にし定じょう乡
  • Shuangjiang County (pop. 12,527; 7.9% of all ethnic Bulang in China)
    • Bangbing Township 邦くに丙へい乡 (17 villages)
    • Dawen Township 大だい文ぶん乡 (12 villages)
    • Mengku Township 勐库镇 (3 villages, including Gongnong 公こう弄ろう村むら[6] and Mangna 忙せわし那な村むら[6])
    • Shahe Township 沙すな河かわ乡 (3 villages)
  • Yongde County (pop. 6,630)
    • Yongkang Township 永えい康やすし镇: Songgui 送おく归,[7] Luo'ade 罗阿德とく, Xiaobaishui 小しょう白水しろみず,[8] Luoshuiba 落水おちみず坝,[9] Xiamangping 下か忙せわし坪つぼ,[10] Nanmusuan 南みなみ木き算さん,[11] Manghai 忙せわし海うみ,[12] Yatang 鸭塘,[13] Duande 端はし德とく村むら,[6] Mangkuang 忙せわし况村,[6] Reshuitang 热水塘村[6]
    • Xiaomengtong Township 小しょう孟はじめ统乡: Dazhai 大だい寨,[14] Hudong 户董,[15] Hewei 河かわ尾お,[16] Landizhai 烂地寨,[17] Banpo 半はん坡[18]
    • Mengban Township 勐板乡: Ganzhe 甘蔗かんしゃ, Xiazhai 下か寨, Dazhai 大だい寨, Huangguozhai 黄き果はて寨,[19] Datian 大田おおた,[20] Nandongshan 南みなみ董ただし山さん,[21] Xiahuya 下か户丫[22]
    • Dashan Township 大山おおやま乡: Huwei 户威, Hongshan 红山,[23] Malizhai 麻あさ栗ぐり寨, Pahong 怕红[24]
    • Dedang Township 德とく党とう乡: Qianshandong 钻山洞ほら村むら,[6] Mangjiantian 忙せわし见田村むら[6]
    • Menggong 勐汞乡, Zhaigang 寨岗乡, Daxueshan 大雪山たいせつざん乡 Townships
  • Yun County (pop. 5,741)
    • Manghuai Township 忙せわし怀乡: Bangliu 邦くに六ろく,[25] Gaojingcao 高井たかい槽そう[26]
    • Manwan Township 漫湾镇: Dapingzhang 大平おおひら掌てのひら,[27] Manjiu 慢旧,[28] Hetaolin 核かく桃もも林村はやしむら[6]
    • Maolan Township 茂しげる兰乡: Mao'an 茂しげ岸がん, Zhanglong 掌てのひら龙
    • Dazhai Township 大だい寨乡: Xinhe 新合しんごう, Pingzhang 平ひら掌てのひら, Dacun 大村おおむら, Reshuitang 热水塘
    • Yongbao Township 涌宝乡: Shilong 石せき龙,[29] Langbashan 浪なみ坝山,[30][31] Laolu 老ろう鲁[32]
    • Lishu Township 栗ぐり树乡: Mangbang 忙せわし蚌,[33] Manlang 慢郎,[34] Xiaobanggan 小しょう邦くに赶[35]
  • Gengma County (pop. 2,957)
    • Manghong Township 芒すすき洪ひろし乡: Keqie 科か且村,[36] Anya 安やす雅みやび村むら[6]
    • Mengyong Township 勐永镇: Mangnuozhai 忙せわし糯もち寨[37]
    • Gengxuan Township 耿宣镇: Mangfu 芒すすき福ぶく, Bakazhai 坝卡寨[38][39]
    • Xipaishan Township 西にし排はい山さん乡: Dongpo 东坡村むら, Bankang 班はん康やすし村むら[6]
  • Lincang County (pop. 450)
    • Pingcun Township 平たいら村むら乡: Nayu 那な玉村たまむら[6]
    • Zhangtuo Township 章あきら驮乡[6]
    • Mayidui Township 蚂蚁堆うずたか乡 (small population)[6]
    • Quannei Township 圈内けんない乡 (small population)[6]
  • Zhenkang County (pop. 452)
    • Muchang Township 木き场乡: Dalong 大だい拢村 (majority of Bulang)[6]
    • Nansan Town 南みなみ伞镇: Daoshui 道どう水村みずむら (small population)[6]
  • Fengqing County (pop. 1,276)
    • Dazhai Township 大だい寨乡: Dalise 大立おおたち色しょく村むら, Qiongyin 琼英村むら, Pingzhang 平ひら掌てのひら村むら[6]
    • Sanchahe Township 三さん岔河乡: Shantoutian 山さん头田村むら
    • Dasi 大寺おおてら乡, Yingpan 营盘乡, Fengshan 凤山乡, Luodang 洛らく党とう乡 Townships
  • Shidian County (pop. 6,712)
    • Bailang Township 摆榔乡: Hazhai 哈寨, Upper and lower Mulaoyuanzhai 上下じょうげ木き老ろう元もと寨, Dazhong Jianshan 大中だいなか尖山せんざん, Yaoguang 姚光
  • Changning County (pop. 1,000+)
    • Kasi Township 卡斯乡: Xingu 新谷しんたに, Shuanglong 双そう龙, Yingbaizhai 应百ひゃく寨, Ergoudi 二に沟地
    • Gengga Township 更さら嘎乡: Baicaolin 百草もぐさ林りん, Dachushui 大だい出水しゅっすい
  • Lancang County (pop. 6,500)
    • Huimin Township 惠めぐみ民みん乡: Manjing 蛮景,[40] Manhong 蛮洪,[41] Wengji 翁おう机つくえ,[42] Wengwa 翁おう洼[43]
    • Qianliu Township 谦六ろく乡: Dagang 打だ岗,[44] Dagun 打だ滚,[45] Machang 马厂,[46] Danao 大だい脑
    • Dongwen Township 文ぶん东乡: Shuitang 水すい塘,[47] Jiuku 旧きゅう苦く,[48] Pasai 帕赛[49] (in Nagongzhai 那な巩寨[50]), Nasai 那な赛
  • Mojiang County (pop. 1,000+)
    • Jingxing Township 景けい星ぼし乡: Taihe 太ふとし和かず村むら
  • Jinggu County (pop. 1000+)
    • Bi'an Township 碧あお安やす乡: Guangmin 光明こうめい村むら
    • Mengban Township 勐班乡: Manhai 蛮海村むら ("Lawa" 拉ひしげ瓦かわら话 speakers[51][52])
    • Banpo Township 半はん坡乡: Bandu 班はん督とく村むら
  • Jingdong County
    • Baodian Township 保ほ甸乡[50]
  • Simao County
    • Zhulin Township 竹林たけばやし乡: Cizhulin 茨いばら竹林たけばやし村むら,[53] Dacheshu 大だい车树村むら[50][54]

Ethnic Bulang villages are also located in Jinghong City, including in Kunhan Dazhai 昆こん罕大寨村 in Dahuangba Village 大荒おおあら坝村, Dadugang Township 大渡おおど岗乡.[55]

References

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  1. ^ a b Yan Qixiang [颜其香が] & Zhou Zhizhi [周しゅう植しょく志こころざし] (2012). Mon-Khmer languages of China and the Austroasiatic family [中国ちゅうごく孟はじめ高だか棉わた语族语言与あずか南みなみ亚语系けい]. Beijing: Social Sciences Academy Press [社会しゃかい科学かがく文献ぶんけん出版しゅっぱん社しゃ].
  2. ^ Miller, James (16 August 2011). "News: The Religion and Ecology of the Blang Minority Nationality". fore.research.yale.edu. Yale Forum on Religion and Ecology. Archived from the original on 2012-04-23. Retrieved 17 August 2018.
  3. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-26. Retrieved 2011-12-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. ^ Tao Yuming [陶とう玉たま明あきら]. 2012. The Bulang people of China [中国ちゅうごく布ぬの朗ろう族ぞく]. Yinchuan: Ningxia People's Press [宁夏人民じんみん出版しゅっぱん社しゃ].
  5. ^ Svantesson, Jan-Olof. 1988. "U." In Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area, 11 , no. 1: 64-133.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Wang Xingzhong [王おう兴中] & Zhao Weihua [赵卫华]. 2013. Geography and multilingualism in Lincang [临沧地理ちり与あずか双そう语使用しよう]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Press [云うん南みなみ人民じんみん出版しゅっぱん社しゃ]. ISBN 978-7-222-08581-7
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