The Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC; Chinese:
Zhōngguó Mínyòng Hángkōng Jú | |
Agency overview | |
---|---|
Formed | 1949 |
Jurisdiction | China |
Headquarters | Dongcheng, Beijing |
Agency executive | |
Parent agency | Ministry of Transport |
Website | caac.gov.cn |
As the aviation authority responsible for China, it concludes civil aviation agreements with other aviation authorities, including those of the Special administrative regions of China which are categorized as "special domestic."[3][better source needed] It directly operated its own airline, China's aviation monopoly, until 1988. The agency is headquartered in Dongcheng, Beijing.[4]
History edit
On 2 November 1949, shortly after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the CCP Central Committee decided to found the Civil Aviation Agency under the name of the People's Revolutionary Military Commission, and under the command of the People's Liberation Army Air Force, to manage all non-military aviation in the country, as well as provide general and commercial flight services. The Civil Aviation Agency was created in December of the same year, and set offices in Chongqing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Wuhan.[5] On 10 March 1950, the Guangzhou Office began to work, managing civil flight services in Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hunan. Later, it was merged with Wuhan Office to form the Civil Aviation Office of Central and Southern China on 21 January 1951, in Guangzhou, and was renamed Central and Southern Civil Aviation Office, working for civil flight administrations in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, and Hunan.[citation needed]
On 7 May 1952, the People's Revolutionary Military Commission and the State Council issued the Decision for Reorganizing Civil Aviation (Chinese: 关于
On 9 June 1953, following Aeroflot in the Soviet Union, the People's Aviation Company of China was merged with the Civil Aviation Agency of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission. Later, the SKOGA was merged with the Beijing administration office on 1 January 1955.[7]: 275
In November 1954, the Civil Aviation Agency of the People's Revolutionary Military Commission was renamed Civil Aviation Agency of China. It was transferred to the State Council and came under the leadership of both State Council and PLA Air Force. The PLA Air Force was also responsible for technical, flight, aircrew, communicating, human resources, and political works.
On 27 February 1958, the Civil Aviation Agency was transferred to the Ministry of Transport. Later, the Agency ratified the Report for the Opinions of System Devolving (Chinese: 关于
In April 1962, the Presidium of the 2nd National People's Congress decided to rename the General Administration of Civil Aviation of the Ministry of Transport to the General Administration of Civil Aviation of China on the 53rd meeting. It was transferred to the State Council and was managed by the PLA Air Force. The General Administration of Civil Aviation was transferred to the PLA Air Force on 20 November 1969.
In 1963, China purchased six Vickers Viscount aircraft from Great Britain, followed in 1971 by the purchase of four Hawker Siddeley Trident aircraft from Pakistan International Airlines. In August 1971, the airline purchased six Trident 2Es directly from Hawker Siddeley.[8] The country also placed provisional orders for three Concorde aircraft. With the 1972 Nixon visit to China, the country ordered 10 Boeing 707 jets. In December 1973, it took the unprecedented step of borrowing £40 million from Western banks to fund the purchase of 15 additional Trident jets. Soviet-built Ilyushin Il-62 aircraft were used on long range routes during the 1970s and 1980s.
On 5 March 1980, the General Administration of Civil Aviation was no longer managed by the PLA Air Force, and was transferred to the State Council.[9] Some administrative works were still under the People's Liberation Army and the air controlling was managed by PLA General Stuff Department and Air Force Command.
On 30 January 1987, the State Council ratified the Report for the Reform Solution and Executive Steps of the Civil Aviation System Administration System (Chinese: 关于
On 19 April 1993, the General Administration of Civil Aviation became the ministry-level agency of the State Council.
In March 2008, CAAC was made a subsidiary of the newly-created Ministry of Transport, and its official Chinese name was slightly adjusted to reflect its being no longer a ministry-level agency. Its official English name has remained Civil Aviation Administration of China.
On 11 March 2019, the CAAC was the first civil aviation authority to ground the Boeing 737 MAX.[11] After so doing, most of the world's aviation authorities grounded the MAX, including the European Union Aviation Safety Agency the next day.[12] It took the US Federal Aviation Administration until 13 March to ground the MAX.[13] Aviation commentators saw this as having bolstered the global reputation of the CAAC at the expense of the FAA.[14][15][16] After the MAX was cleared to return by the FAA in November 2020,[17] the CAAC reiterated that there "is no set timetable" to lifting the MAX grounding in China.[18] In early August 2021, a MAX made a test flight in Shanghai for validation.[19] Later, the CAAC issued an airworthiness directive on 2 December to allow the type return to service if the MCAS is corrected following Boeing's instructions.[20]
CAAC (airline) edit
Current role edit
Currently, CAAC is an administrative department mostly intended to supervise the aviation market. CAAC releases route applications every week and for routes that do not fly to an open-sky country/region, there will be monthly scoring releases that determine the score for each of them. CAAC subsequently grants permission to start on those who score highest on the list.
CAAC also issues frequent operation data and notices.
CAAC administers China's no-fly list.[21]: 113
List of directors edit
List of Directors of the Civil Aviation Administration of China:[22]
- Zhong Chibing (November 1949 – October 1952)
- Zhu Huizhao (October 1952 – June 1955)
- Kuang Rennong (June 1955 – June 1973)
- Ma Renhui (June 1973 – June 1975)
- Liu Cunxin (June 1975 – December 1977)
- Shen Tu (December 1977 – March 1985)
- Hu Yizhou (March 1985 – February 1991)
- Jiang Zhuping (February 1991 – December 1993)
- Chen Guangyi (December 1993 – June 1998)
- Liu Jianfeng (June 1998 – May 2002)
- Yang Yuanyuan (May 2002 – December 2007)
- Li Jiaxiang (December 2007 – January 2016)
- Feng Zhenglin (January 2016 – present)
Affiliate subsidiaries edit
- Air Traffic Administration Bureau (ATMB) in Beijing
- Civil Aviation University of China (CAUC) in Tianjin
- Civil Aviation Flight University of China (CAFUC) in Guanghan
- Civil Aviation Management Institute of China (CAMIC) in Beijing
- China Academy of Civil Aviation Science and Technology — Center of Aviation Safety Technology, CAAC in Beijing
- CAAC Second Research Institute in Chengdu
- China Civil Aviation Publishing Press in Beijing
- Civil Aviation Medical Center — Civil Aviation General Hospital in Beijing
- CAAC Settlement Center in Beijing
- CAAC Information Center in Beijing
- CAAC Audition Center in Beijing
- Capital Airports Holdings Limited (CAH) in Beijing
- CAAC International Cooperation and Service Center in Beijing
- China Airport Construction Corporation (CACC) in Beijing
- China Civil Aviation Engine Airworthiness Audition Center
- Flight Inspection Center of CAAC in Beijing
- CAAC Museum
See also edit
- Transport in the People's Republic of China
- List of airports in the People's Republic of China
- China's busiest airports by passenger traffic
- List of airlines of the People's Republic of China
- Civil aviation in China
- Civil Aviation Department (Hong Kong)
- Civil Aviation Authority (Macau)
- Civil Aeronautics Administration (Taiwan)
External links edit
- CAAC Official site (in Chinese)
- CAAC Official site (Archive)
- Flight Inspection Center of CAAC (in English)/(in Chinese)
- China - Civil Aviation
- Civil Aviation Management Institute of China, Civil Aviation Safety Institute (in Chinese)
- Flight Information Region In China
References edit
- ^ "Leadership".
中 国民 用 航空局 . Retrieved 30 January 2023. - ^ "Legal directory" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 May 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2009.
- ^ "Air Services Arrangement between the Mainland and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region", a treaty. This calls intranational service "specially managed domestic".
- ^ "English [dead link] Archived September 6, 2009, at the Wayback Machine." [dead link]Civil Aviation Administration of China. Retrieved on 9 June 2009. "
北京 市 东城区 东四西 大 街 155号 ." - ^ "
成立 军委民 航 局 -中 国民 航 局 60周年 档案展 ". CAAC (in Simplified Chinese). Archived from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 12 April 2013. - ^ "
中国 人民 航空 公司 始末 -中 国民 航 局 60周年 档案展 ". CAAC (in Simplified Chinese). Retrieved 20 February 2021. - ^
北京 市 地方 志 编纂委 员会 (2000).北京 志 ·市政 卷 ·民 用 航空 志 (in Chinese). Beijing Publishing House. ISBN 7-200-04040-1. - ^ Tridents for China, Flight International, 2 September 1971, p. 348
- ^ "庆祝
新中 国民 航 成立 70周年 专题 (1980)". CAAC (in Simplified Chinese). Retrieved 20 February 2021. - ^ "庆祝
新中 国民 航 成立 70周年 专题 (1987)". CAAC (in Simplified Chinese). Retrieved 20 February 2021. - ^ For a full timeline of the groundings, see Boeing 737 MAX groundings § Regulators.
- ^ "EASA suspends all Boeing 737 Max operations in Europe". European Union Aviation Safety Agency. 12 March 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
- ^ "Emergency Order of Prohibition" (PDF). Federal Aviation Administration. 13 March 2019. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
- ^ "Chinese air safety regulators gain global influence as FAA refuses to ground Boeing 737 Max". Los Angeles Times. 13 March 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
- ^ "Across the globe, a question of air safety becomes a question of American leadership". Los Angeles Times. 15 March 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
- ^ Isidore, Chris (13 May 2019). "Boeing desperately needs to get the 737 Max back in the air. Getting it approved will be hard". CNN. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
The 737 Max does not appear close to flying again. Aviation experts doubt global regulators will act in concert to approve the 737 Max for flight, because serious questions remain about how and why the FAA approved the 737 Max for flight and whether it rushed the certification process.
- ^ "Boeing Responds to FAA Approval to Resume 737 MAX Operations". MediaRoom. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
- ^ Chua2020-11-20T07:58:00+00:00, Alfred. "China in no hurry to return 737 Max to service". Flight Global. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "
波 音 737 Max開 啟 往中國 的 試 飛 之 旅 期待 北京 解除 禁 飛 令 ". Bloomberg (in Chinese). 4 August 2021. Archived from the original on 18 October 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2022. - ^ "
波 音 737MAX重 获中国 适航许可 复飞还要多久 ?". Kankan News (in Chinese). 16 January 2022. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2021. - ^ Brussee, Vincent (2023). Social Credit: The Warring States of China's Emerging Data Empire. Singapore: Palgrave MacMillan. ISBN 9789819921881.
- ^ "历任
局 长" (in Chinese). Civil Aviation Administration of China. Retrieved 17 December 2017.