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Commander-in-Chief, Ireland - Wikipedia
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Commander-in-Chief, Ireland

Commander-in-Chief, Ireland, was title of the commander of the British forces in Ireland before 1922. Until the Act of Union in 1800, the position involved command of the distinct Irish Army of the Kingdom of Ireland.

History

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Marshal of Ireland

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The title Marshal of Ireland was awarded to William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke after the Norman conquest of Ireland and was inherited by his nephew John Marshal and descendants. This hereditary ceremonial title is latterly called Earl Marshal of Ireland to distinguish it from the later non-hereditary military appointment of Marshal of Ireland or Marshal of the Army. Holders of the latter appointment by letters patent included:[1]

From 1700

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In the 18th and 19th centuries the British forces in Ireland were commanded by the Commander-in-Chief, Ireland. In January 1876 a ‘Mobilization Scheme for the forces in Great Britain and Ireland’ was published, with the ‘Active Army’ divided into eight army corps based on the District Commands. 4th Corps was to be formed within Irish Command, based in Dublin. This scheme disappeared in 1881, when the districts were retitled ‘District Commands.[11]

The 1901 Army Estimates introduced by St John Brodrick allowed for six army corps based on six regional commands. As outlined in a paper published in 1903, III Corps was to be formed in a reconstituted Irish Command, with HQ at Dublin.[12] Field Marshal The Duke of Connaught was appointed acting General Officer Commanding-in-Chief (GOCinC) of III Corps in October 1901.[13] The title was withdrawn in 1904.[14]

Army Order No 324, issued on 21 August 1914, authorised the formation of a 'New Army' of six Divisions, manned by volunteers who had responded to Earl Kitchener's appeal (hence the First New Army was known as 'K1'). Each division was to be under the administration of one of the Home Commands, and Irish Command formed what became the 10th (Irish) Division.[15] It was followed by 16th (Irish) Division of K2 in September 1914.[16]

In the Republic of Ireland, the "supreme command of the Defence Forces" is formally vested in the President of Ireland under the Constitution.[17] The Chief of Staff is the senior officer. In Northern Ireland from 1922 to 2009, the senior British military appointment was General Officer Commanding Northern Ireland.[18]

Commanders-in-Chief, Ireland, 1700–1922

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Holders of the post have included:[18][19]

References

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  1. ^
    • Hughes, James L. J. (1960). Patentee Officers in Ireland, 1173–1826: Including High Sheriffs, 1661–1684 and 1761–1816 (PDF). Dublin: Stationery Office – via Irish Manuscripts Commission. citing
    • Lascelles, Rowley (1852). Liber Munerum Publicorum Hiberniae or The Establishments of Ireland. Irish Record Commissioners. pp. II 109–111, VII 150.
  2. ^
  3. ^ Beresford, David. "Bryan, Sir Francis". Dictionary of Irish Biography. Royal Irish Academy. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  4. ^ a b Hawkins, Richard. "Bagenal (Bagnal(l)), Sir Nicholas". Dictionary of Irish Biography. Royal Irish Academy. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  5. ^ Clavin, Terry; Barry, Judy. "Stukeley (Stucley), Thomas". Dictionary of Irish Biography. Royal Irish Academy. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  6. ^ Clavin, Terry. "Devereux, Walter". Dictionary of Irish Biography. Royal Irish Academy. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  7. ^ Hawkins, Richard. "Bagenal (Bagnal(l)), Sir Henry". Dictionary of Irish Biography. Royal Irish Academy. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  8. ^ Hawkins, Richard. "Bingham (Byngham), Sir Richard". Dictionary of Irish Biography. Royal Irish Academy. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  9. ^ Armstrong, Robert. "Conway, Edward". Dictionary of Irish Biography. Royal Irish Academy. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  10. ^ Clavin, Terry. "Tichbourne (Tichborne), Sir Henry". Dictionary of Irish Biography. Royal Irish Academy. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  11. ^ Army List 1876–1881.
  12. ^ Col John K. Dunlop, The Development of the British Army 1899–1914, London: Methuen, 1938.
  13. ^ "No. 27360". The London Gazette. 1 October 1901. p. 6400.
  14. ^ "No. 27676". The London Gazette. 13 May 1904. p. 3083.
  15. ^ "10th Division". The long, long trail. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
  16. ^ "16th Division". The long, long trail. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
  17. ^ "Constitution of Ireland". electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB). Article 13.4. Retrieved 25 November 2022.
  18. ^ a b "Army Commands" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  19. ^ List of Commander-in-Chief Ireland Archived April 18, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ Paula Watson and David Wilkinson, ERLE, Thomas (c.1650–1720), of Charborough, Dorset in The History of Parliament Online. Accessed 19 February 2013.
  21. ^ Chichester, Ferguson Kenneth (2004). "Ingoldsby, Richard (1664/5–1712)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/14412. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  22. ^ "No. 27154". The London Gazette. 16 January 1900. p. 289.
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