This article lists mental disorders Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), published by the American Psychiatry Association (APA) in May 1994.[1] The DSM-IV superseded the DSM-III-R (1987) and was later updated with the DSM-IV-TR (Text Revision) in July 2000.[2]
Similar to its predecessor, the DSM-III-R, the DSM-IV-TR aimed to bridge the gap between the DSM-IV and the subsequent major release, initially referred to as DSM-V (later titled DSM-5).[3] The DSM-IV-TR features expanded disorder descriptions, clarified wordings, and corrected errors. While categorizations and diagnostic criteria remained largely unchanged, a few subtypes were added or removed. Additionally, ICD-9-CM codes updated since the release of DSM-IV were incorporated.[4] Both the DSM-IV and DSM-IV-TR encompass a total of 297 mental disorders.[5]
For an alphabetical list, see List of mental disorders in the DSM-IV and DSM-IV-TR (alphabetical).
Disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence
editMental retardation
edit- 317 Mild mental retardation
- 318.0 Moderate mental retardation
- 318.1 Severe mental retardation
- 318.2 Profound mental retardation
- 319 Mental retardation, severity unspecified
Learning disorders
edit- 315.00 Reading disorder
- 315.1 Mathematics disorder
- 315.2 Disorder of written expression
- 315.9 Learning disorder NOS
Motor skills disorders
editCommunication disorders
edit- 315.31 Expressive language disorder
- 315.32 Mixed receptive-expressive language disorder (coded 315.31 in the DSM-IV)
- 315.39 Phonological disorder
- 307.0 Stuttering
- 307.9 Communication disorder NOS
Pervasive developmental disorders
edit- 299.00 Autistic disorder
- 299.80 Rett's disorder
- 299.10 Childhood disintegrative disorder
- 299.80 Asperger syndrome
- 299.80 PDD-NOS
Attention-deficit and disruptive behavior disorders
edit- 314.xx Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
- .01 Combined subtype
- .01 Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive subtype
- .00 Predominantly inattentive subtype
- .9 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder NOS
- 312.xx Conduct disorder (coded 312.8 in the DSM-IV)
- .81 Childhood onset (included only in the DSM-IV-TR)
- .82 Adolescent onset (included only in the DSM-IV-TR)
- .89 Unspecified onset (included only in the DSM-IV-TR)
- 313.81 Oppositional defiant disorder
- 312.9 Disruptive Behavior Disorder NOS
Feeding and eating disorders of infancy or early childhood
edit- 307.52 Pica
- 307.53 Rumination disorder
- 307.59 Feeding disorder of infancy or early childhood
Tic disorders
edit- 307.23 Tourette's disorder
- 307.22 Chronic motor or vocal tic disorder
- 307.21 Transient tic disorder
- 307.20 Tic disorder NOS
Elimination disorders
edit- 307.6 Enuresis (not due to a general medical condition)
- 307.7 Encopresis, without constipation and overflow incontinence
- 787.6 Encopresis, with constipation and overflow incontinence
Other disorders of infancy, childhood, or adolescence
edit- 309.21 Separation anxiety disorder
- 313.23 Selective mutism
- 313.89 Reactive attachment disorder of infancy or early childhood
- 307.3 Stereotypic movement disorder
- 313.9 Disorder of infancy, childhood, or adolescence NOS
Delirium, dementia, and amnestic and other cognitive disorders
editDelirium
edit- 293.0 Delirium due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
- 780.09 Delirium NOS
Dementia
edit- 294.xx Dementia of the Alzheimer's type, with early onset (coded 290.xx in the DSM-IV)
- .10 Without behavioral disturbance (DSM-IV-TR only)
- .11 With behavioral disturbance (DSM-IV-TR only)
- .10 Uncomplicated (DSM-IV only)
- .11 With delirium (DSM-IV only)
- .12 With delusions (DSM-IV only)
- .13 With depressed mood (DSM-IV only)
- 294.xx Dementia of the Alzheimer's type, with late onset (coded 290.xx in the DSM-IV)
- .10 Without behavioral disturbance (DSM-IV-TR only)
- .11 With behavioral disturbance (DSM-IV-TR only)
- .0 Uncomplicated (DSM-IV only)
- .3 With delirium (DSM-IV only)
- .20 With delusions (DSM-IV only)
- .21 With depressed mood (DSM-IV only)
- 290.xx Vascular dementia
- .40 Uncomplicated
- .41 With delirium
- .42 With delusions
- .43 With depressed mood
- 294.1x Dementia due to HIV disease (coded 294.9 in the DSM-IV)
- 294.1x Dementia due to head trauma (coded 294.1 in the DSM-IV)
- 294.1x Dementia due to Parkinson's disease (coded 294.9 in the DSM-IV)
- 294.1x Dementia due to Huntington's disease (coded 294.1 in the DSM-IV)
- 294.1x Dementia due to Pick's disease (coded 290.10 in the DSM-IV)
- 294.1x Dementia due to Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (coded 290.10 in the DSM-IV)
- 294.1x Dementia due to ... [Indicate the general medical condition not listed above] (coded 294.1 in the DSM-IV)
- 294.8 Dementia NOS
Amnestic disorders
edit- 294.0 Amnestic disorder due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
- 294.8 Amnestic disorder NOS
Other cognitive disorders
edit- 294.9 Cognitive disorder NOS
Mental disorders due to a general medical condition not elsewhere classified
edit- 293.89 Catatonic disorder due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
- 310.1 Personality change due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
- (Subtypes: Labile, Disinhibited, Aggressive, Apathetic, Paranoid, Other, Combined, Unspecified)
- 293.9 Mental disorder NOS due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
Substance-related disorders
editAlcohol-related disorders
edit- 303.90 Alcohol dependence
- 305.00 Alcohol abuse
Alcohol-induced disorders
edit- 303.00 Alcohol intoxication
- 291.81 Alcohol withdrawal (coded 291.8 in the DSM-IV)
- 291.0 Alcohol intoxication delirium
- 291.0 Alcohol withdrawal delirium
- 291.2 Alcohol-induced persisting dementia
- 291.1 Alcohol-induced persisting amnestic disorder
- 291.x Alcohol-induced psychotic disorder
- .5 With delusions
- .3 With hallucinations
- 291.89 Alcohol-induced mood disorder (coded 291.8 in the DSM-IV)
- 291.89 Alcohol-induced anxiety disorder (coded 291.8 in the DSM-IV)
- 291.89 Alcohol-induced sexual dysfunction (coded 291.8 in the DSM-IV)
- 291.89 Alcohol-induced sleep disorder (coded 291.8 in the DSM-IV)
- 291.9 Alcohol-related disorder NOS
Amphetamine (or amphetamine-like)-related disorders
editAmphetamine use disorders
edit- 304.40 Amphetamine dependence
- 305.70 Amphetamine abuse
Amphetamine-induced disorders
edit- 292.89 Amphetamine intoxication
- 292.0 Amphetamine withdrawal
- 292.81 Amphetamine intoxication delirium
- 292.xx Amphetamine-induced psychotic disorder
- .11 With delusions
- .12 With hallucinations
- 292.84 Amphetamine-induced mood disorder
- 292.89 Amphetamine-induced anxiety disorder
- 292.89 Amphetamine-induced sexual dysfunction
- 292.89 Amphetamine-induced sleep disorder
- 292.9 Amphetamine-related disorder NOS
Caffeine-related disorders
edit- 305.90 Caffeine intoxication
- 292.89 Caffeine-induced anxiety disorder
- 292.89 Caffeine-induced sleep disorder
- 292.9 Caffeine-related disorder NOS
Cannabis-related disorders
edit- 304.30 Cannabis dependence
- 305.20 Cannabis abuse
Cannabis-induced disorders
edit- 292.89 Cannabis intoxication
- 292.81 Cannabis intoxication delirium
- 292.xx Cannabis-induced psychotic disorder
- .11 With delusions
- .12 With hallucinations
- 292.89 Cannabis-induced anxiety disorder
- 292.9 Cannabis-related disorder NOS
Cocaine-related disorders
edit- 304.20 Cocaine dependence
- 305.60 Cocaine abuse
Cocaine-induced disorders
edit- 292.89 Cocaine intoxication
- 292.0 Cocaine withdrawal
- 292.81 Cocaine intoxication delirium
- 292.xx Cocaine-induced psychotic disorder
- .11 With delusions
- .12 With hallucinations
- 292.84 Cocaine-induced mood disorder
- 292.89 Cocaine-induced anxiety disorder
- 292.89 Cocaine-induced sexual dysfunction
- 292.89 Cocaine-induced sleep disorder
- 292.9 Cocaine-related disorder NOS
Hallucinogen-related disorders
editHallucinogen use disorders
edit- 304.50 Hallucinogen dependence
- 305.30 Hallucinogen abuse
Hallucinogen-induced disorders
edit- 292.89 Hallucinogen intoxication
- 292.89 Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (Flashbacks)
- 292.81 Hallucinogen intoxication delirium
- 292.xx Hallucinogen-induced psychotic disorder
- .11 With delusions
- .12 With hallucinations
- 292.84 Hallucinogen-induced mood disorder
- 292.89 Hallucinogen-induced anxiety disorder
- 292.9 Hallucinogen-related disorder NOS
Inhalant-related disorders
edit- 304.60 Inhalant dependence
- 305.90 Inhalant abuse
Inhalant-induced disorders
edit- 292.89 Inhalant intoxication
- 292.81 Inhalant intoxication delirium
- 292.82 Inhalant-induced persisting dementia
- 292.xx Inhalant-induced psychotic disorder
- .11 With delusions
- .12 With hallucinations
- 292.84 Inhalant-induced mood disorder
- 292.89 Inhalant-induced anxiety disorder
- 292.9 Inhalant-related disorder NOS
Nicotine-related disorders
edit- 305.1 Nicotine dependence (coded 305.10 in the DSM-IV)
Nicotine-induced disorder
edit- 292.0 Nicotine withdrawal
- 292.9 Nicotine-related disorder NOS
Opioid-related disorders
edit- 304.00 Opioid dependence
- 305.50 Opioid abuse
Opioid-induced disorders
edit- 292.89 Opioid intoxication
- 292.0 Opioid withdrawal
- 292.81 Opioid intoxication delirium
- 292.xx Opioid-induced psychotic disorder
- .11 With delusions
- .12 With hallucinations
- 292.84 Opioid-induced mood disorder
- 292.89 Opioid-induced sexual dysfunction
- 292.89 Opioid-induced sleep disorder
- 292.9 Opioid-related disorder NOS
Phencyclidine (or phencyclidine-like) related disorders
editPhencyclidine use disorders
edit- 304.60 Phencyclidine dependence (coded 304.90 in the DSM-IV)
- 305.90 Phencyclidine abuse
Phencyclidine-induced disorders
edit- 292.89 Phencyclidine intoxication
- 292.81 Phencyclidine intoxication delirium
- 292.xx Phencyclidine-induced psychotic disorder
- .11 With delusions
- .12 With hallucinations
- 292.84 Phencyclidine-induced mood disorder
- 292.89 Phencyclidine-induced anxiety disorder
- 292.9 Phencyclidine-related disorder NOS
Sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic-related disorders
editSedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic use disorders
edit- 304.10 Sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic dependence
- 305.40 Sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic abuse
Sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic-induced disorders
edit- 292.89 Sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic intoxication
- 292.0 Sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic withdrawal
- 292.81 Sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic intoxication delirium
- 292.81 Sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic withdrawal delirium
- 292.82 Sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic-induced persisting dementia
- 292.83 Sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic-induced persisting amnestic disorder
- 292.xx Sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic-induced psychotic disorder
- .11 With delusions
- .12 With hallucinations
- 292.84 Sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic-induced mood disorder
- 292.89 Sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic-induced anxiety disorder
- 292.89 Sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic-induced sexual dysfunction
- 292.89 Sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic-induced sleep disorder
- 292.9 Sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic-related disorder NOS
Polysubstance-related disorder
edit- 304.80 Polysubstance dependence
Other (or unknown) substance-related disorders
editOther (or unknown) substance use disorders
edit- 304.90 Other (or unknown) substance dependence
- 305.90 Other (or unknown) substance abuse
Other (or unknown) substance-induced disorders
edit- 292.89 Other (or unknown) substance intoxication
- 292.0 Other (or unknown) substance withdrawal
- 292.81 Other (or unknown) substance-induced delirium
- 292.82 Other (or unknown) substance-induced persisting dementia
- 292.83 Other (or unknown) substance-induced persisting amnestic disorder
- 292.xx Other (or unknown) substance-induced psychotic disorder
- .11 With delusions
- .12 With hallucinations
- 292.84 Other (or unknown) substance-induced mood disorder
- 292.89 Other (or unknown) substance-induced anxiety disorder
- 292.89 Other (or unknown) substance-induced sexual dysfunction
- 292.89 Other (or unknown) substance-induced sleep disorder
- 292.9 Other (or unknown) substance-related disorder NOS
Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders
edit- 295.xx Schizophrenia
- 295.20 Catatonic type
- 295.10 Disorganized type
- 295.30 Paranoid type
- 295.60 Residual type
- 295.90 Undifferentiated type
- 295.40 Schizophreniform disorder
- 295.70 Schizoaffective disorder
- 297.1 Delusional disorder
- Erotomanic subtype
- Grandiose subtype
- Jealous subtype
- Persecutory subtype
- Somatic subtype
- Mixed type
- 298.8 Brief psychotic disorder
- 297.3 Shared psychotic disorder
- Psychotic disorder due to ... [indicate the general medical condition]
- 293.81 With delusions
- 293.82 With hallucinations
- 298.9 Psychotic disorder NOS
Mood disorders
edit- 293.83 Mood disorder due to ... [indicate the general medical condition]
- 296.90 Mood disorder NOS
Depressive disorders
edit- 296.xx Major depressive disorder
- .2x Major depressive disorder, single episode
- .26 In full remission
- .25 In partial remission
- .21 Mild
- .22 Moderate
- .23 Severe without psychotic features
- .24 Severe with psychotic features
- .20 Unspecified
- .3x Major depressive disorder, recurrent
- .36 In full remission
- .35 In partial remission
- .31 Mild
- .32 Moderate
- .33 Severe without psychotic features
- .34 Severe with psychotic features
- .30 Unspecified
- .2x Major depressive disorder, single episode
- 300.4 Dysthymic disorder
- 311 Depressive disorder NOS
Bipolar disorders
edit- 296.xx Bipolar I disorder
- .5x Bipolar I disorder, most recent episode depressed
- .56 In full remission
- .55 In partial remission
- .51 Mild
- .52 Moderate
- .53 Severe without psychotic features
- .54 Severe with psychotic features
- .50 Unspecified
- .40 Bipolar I disorder, most recent episode hypomanic
- .4x Bipolar I disorder, most recent episode manic
- .46 In full remission
- .45 In partial remission
- .41 Mild
- .42 Moderate
- .43 Severe without psychotic features
- .44 Severe with psychotic features
- .40 Unspecified
- .6x Bipolar I disorder, most recent episode mixed
- .66 In full remission
- .65 In partial remission
- .61 Mild
- .62 Moderate
- .63 Severe without psychotic features
- .64 Severe with psychotic features
- .60 Unspecified
- .7 Bipolar I disorder, most recent episode unspecified
- .0x Bipolar I disorder, single manic episode
- .06 In full remission
- .05 In partial remission
- .01 Mild
- .02 Moderate
- .03 Severe without psychotic features
- .04 Severe with psychotic features
- .00 Unspecified
- 296.89 Bipolar II disorder
- .5x Bipolar I disorder, most recent episode depressed
- 301.13 Cyclothymic disorder
- 296.80 Bipolar disorder NOS
Anxiety disorders
edit- 300.01 Panic disorder without agoraphobia
- 300.21 Panic disorder with agoraphobia
- 300.22 Agoraphobia without history of panic disorder
- 300.29 Specific phobia
- 300.23 Social phobia
- 300.3 Obsessive–compulsive disorder
- 309.81 Posttraumatic stress disorder
- 308.3 Acute stress disorder
- 300.02 Generalized anxiety disorder
- 293.84 Anxiety disorder due to ... [indicate the general medical condition] (coded 293.89 in the DSM-IV)
- 300.00 Anxiety disorder NOS
Somatoform disorders
edit- 300.81 Somatization disorder
- 300.82 Undifferentiated somatoform disorder (coded 300.81 in the DSM-IV)
- 300.11 Conversion disorder
- 307.xx Pain disorder
- 307.80 Associated with psychological factors
- 307.89 Associated with both psychological factors and a general medical condition
- 300.7 Hypochondriasis
- 300.7 Body dysmorphic disorder
- 300.82 Somatoform disorder NOS (coded 300.81 in the DSM-IV)
Factitious disorders
edit- 300.xx Factitious disorder
- .19 With combined psychological and physical signs and symptoms
- .19 With predominantly physical signs and symptoms
- .16 With predominantly psychological signs and symptoms
- 300.19 Factitious disorder NOS
Dissociative disorders
edit- 300.12 Dissociative amnesia
- 300.13 Dissociative fugue
- 300.14 Dissociative identity disorder
- 300.6 Depersonalization disorder
- 300.15 Dissociative disorder NOS
Sexual and gender identity disorders
editSexual dysfunctions
editSexual desire disorders
edit- 302.71 Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
- 302.79 Sexual aversion disorder
Sexual arousal disorders
edit- 302.72 Female sexual arousal disorder
- 302.72 Male erectile disorder
Orgasmic disorders
edit- 302.73 Female orgasmic disorder
- 302.74 Male orgasmic disorder
- 302.75 Premature ejaculation
Sexual pain disorders
edit- 302.76 Dyspareunia (not due to a general medical condition)
- 306.51 Vaginismus (not due to a general medical condition)
Sexual dysfunction due to a general medical condition
edit- 625.8 Female hypoactive sexual desire disorder due to ... [indicate the general medical condition]
- 608.89 Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder due to ... [indicate the general medical condition]
- 607.84 Male erectile disorder due to ... [indicate the general medical condition]
- 625.0 Female dyspareunia due to ... [indicate the general medical condition]
- 608.89 Male dyspareunia due to ... [indicate the general medical condition]
- 625.8 Other female sexual dysfunction due to ... [indicate the general medical condition]
- 608.89 Other male sexual dysfunction due to ... [indicate the general medical condition]
- 302.70 Sexual dysfunction NOS
Paraphilias
edit- 302.4 Exhibitionism
- 302.81 Fetishism
- 302.89 Frotteurism
- 302.2 Pedophilia
- 302.83 Sexual masochism
- 302.84 Sexual sadism
- 302.3 Transvestic fetishism
- 302.82 Voyeurism
- 302.9 Paraphilia NOS
Gender identity disorders
edit- 302.xx Gender identity disorder
- .6 in children
- .85 in adolescents or adults
- 302.6 Gender identity disorder NOS
- 302.9 Sexual disorder NOS
Eating disorders
edit- 307.1 Anorexia nervosa
- 307.51 Bulimia nervosa
- 307.50 Eating disorder NOS
Sleep disorders
editPrimary sleep disorders
edit- 307.44 Primary hypersomnia
- 307.42 Primary insomnia
- 347 Narcolepsy
- 780.59 Breathing-related sleep disorder
- 307.45 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder
- 307.47 Dyssomnia NOS
Parasomnias
edit- 307.47 Nightmare disorder
- 307.46 Sleep terror disorder
- 307.46 Sleepwalking disorder
- 307.47 Parasomnia NOS
Sleep disorders related to another mental disorder
edit- 307.42 Insomnia Related to ... [indicate the Axis I or Axis II disorder]
- 307.44 Hypersomnia Related to ... [indicate the Axis I or Axis II disorder]
Other sleep disorders
edit- 780.xx Sleep disorder due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
- .54 Hypersomnia type
- .52 Insomnia type
- .59 Mixed type
- .59 Parasomnia type
Impulse-control disorders not elsewhere classified
edit- 312.34 Intermittent explosive disorder
- 312.32 Kleptomania
- 312.31 Pathological gambling
- 312.33 Pyromania
- 312.39 Trichotillomania
- 312.30 Impulse-control disorder NOS
Adjustment disorders
edit- 309.xx Adjustment disorders
- .9 Unspecified
- .24 With anxiety
- .0 With depressed mood
- .3 With disturbance of conduct
- .28 With mixed anxiety and depressed mood
- .4 With mixed disturbance of emotions and conduct
Personality disorders (Axis II)
editCluster A (odd or eccentric):
- 301.0 Paranoid personality disorder
- 301.20 Schizoid personality disorder
- 301.22 Schizotypal personality disorder
Cluster B (dramatic, emotional, or erratic):
- 301.7 Antisocial personality disorder
- 301.83 Borderline personality disorder
- 301.50 Histrionic personality disorder
- 301.81 Narcissistic personality disorder
Cluster C (anxious or fearful):
- 301.82 Avoidant personality disorder
- 301.6 Dependent personality disorder
- 301.4 Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder
NOS:
Other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention
editPsychological factors affecting medical condition
edit- 316 ... [Specified psychological factor] affecting ... [indicate the general medical condition]
Medication-induced movement disorders
edit- 332.1 Neuroleptic-induced Parkinsonism
- 333.92 Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- 333.7 Neuroleptic-induced acute dystonia
- 333.99 Neuroleptic-induced acute akathisia
- 333.82 Neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia
- 333.1 Medication-induced postural tremor
- 333.90 Medication-induced movement disorder NOS
Other medication-induced disorder
edit- 995.2 Adverse effects of medication NOS
Relational problems
edit- V61.9 Relational problem related to a mental disorder or general medical condition
- V61.20 Parent-child relational problem
- V61.10 Partner relational problem (coded V61.1 in the DSM-IV)
- V61.8 Sibling relational problem
- V62.81 Relational problem NOS
Problems related to abuse or neglect
edit- V61.21 Physical abuse of Child
- V61.21 Sexual abuse of child
- V61.21 Neglect of child
- ___.__ Physical abuse of adult (coded V61.1 in the DSM-IV)
- V61.12 if by partner (included only in the DSM-IV-TR)
- V62.83 if by person other than partner (included only in the DSM-IV-TR)
- ___.__ Sexual abuse of adult (coded V61.1 in the DSM-IV)
- V61.12 if by partner (included only in the DSM-IV-TR)
- V62.83 if by person other than partner (included only in the DSM-IV-TR)
Additional conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention
edit- V15.81 Noncompliance with treatment
- V65.2 Malingering
- V71.01 Adult antisocial behavior
- V71.02 Child or adolescent antisocial behavior
- V62.89 Borderline intellectual functioning
- 780.9 Age-related cognitive decline
- V62.82 Bereavement
- V62.3 Academic problem
- V62.2 Occupational problem
- 313.82 Identity problem
- V62.89 Religious or spiritual problem
- V62.4 Acculturation problem
- V62.89 Phase of life problem
Additional codes
edit- 300.9 Unspecified mental disorder (nonpsychotic)
- V71.09 No diagnosis or condition on Axis I
- 799.9 Diagnosis or condition deferred on Axis I
- V71.09 No diagnosis on Axis II
- 799.9 Diagnosis deferred on Axis II
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Wilson, H. S.; Skodol, Andrew (December 1994). "Special report: DSM-IV: Overview and examination of major changes". Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 8 (6): 340–347. doi:10.1016/0883-9417(94)90002-7. PMID 7847901.
- ^ First, Michael B.; Pincus, Harold Alan (March 2002). "The DSM-IV Text Revision: Rationale and Potential Impact on Clinical Practice". Psychiatric Services. 53 (3): 288–292. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.53.3.288.
- ^ Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. American Psychiatric Association. July 2000. p. xxix.
- ^ DSM-IV-TR (2000), p. 829–843
- ^ Surís, Alina; Holliday, Ryan; North, Carol S. (March 2016). "The Evolution of the Classification of Psychiatric Disorders". Behavioral Sciences. 6 (1): 5. doi:10.3390/bs6010005. PMC 4810039. PMID 26797641.
This rapid growth in numbers of diagnoses slowed, however, yielding 292 diagnoses in DSM-III-R, 297 in DSM-IV and DSM-IV-TR, and 298 in DSM-5
External links
edit- Official website of the DSM-IV-TR, published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA, via archive.org)