Dionisio "Dennis" Chávez (April 8, 1888 – November 18, 1962) was an American politician who served in the United States House of Representatives from 1931 to 1935, and in the United States Senate from 1935 to 1962. He was the first Hispanic to be elected to a full term in the US Senate and the first US Senator to be born in New Mexico, which was still a US territory at the time of his birth.
Dennis Chávez | |
|---|---|
 | |
| United States Senator from New Mexico | |
| In office May 11, 1935 – November 18, 1962 | |
| Preceded by | Bronson M. Cutting |
| Succeeded by | Edwin L. Mechem |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New Mexico's at-large district | |
| In office March 4, 1931 – January 3, 1935 | |
| Preceded by | Albert G. Simms |
| Succeeded by | John J. Dempsey |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Dionisio Chávez April 8, 1888 Los Chavez, New Mexico Territory, U.S. |
| Died | November 18, 1962 (aged 74) Washington D.C., U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Imelda Espinosa |
| Relations | David Chávez (brother) |
| Education | Georgetown University (LLB) |
Early life
editChávez was born in Los Chavez in the New Mexico Territory. His parents, David and Paz Chávez, were members of families that had lived in Los Chavez for generations. There was no school in that town. In 1895, David Chávez moved his family to the Barelas section of Albuquerque, New Mexico to work on the railroad and Dennis attended school until 7th grade when financial hardships necessitated that he work. His first job was delivering groceries at the Highland Grocery store.[1] Later on, he studied engineering and surveying at night, and worked as an engineer for the City of Albuquerque for several years. Dennis's younger brother, David Chávez, served as the 34th Mayor of Santa Fe, a judge of the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico, and as a member of the New Mexico Supreme Court.
Career
editEarly career
editChávez worked briefly as editor of a Belen weekly newspaper, as a court interpreter, and as a private contractor until 1916, when he obtained temporary employment as a Spanish interpreter for Senator Andrieus A. Jones' election campaign. In 1917, he was offered a position as assistant executive clerk of the Senate in Washington, D.C., by Senator Jones. He accepted this position, passed a special admission exam at Georgetown University Law Center and studied law at night. He graduated from Georgetown in 1920,[1] and returned to Albuquerque to establish a law practice. He was successful in defending organized labor and as a defense counsel in high-profile murder cases, where he used his popularity to run for office.[2]
House
editIn 1922, Chávez was elected to the New Mexico state legislature,[1] but he did not seek another term. In 1930, he was elected to New Mexico's one at-large seat in the United States House of Representatives as a Democrat, and was re-elected in 1932. Chávez served as chairman of the House Committee on Irrigation and Reclamation. He did not seek re-election to the House in 1934, becoming a candidate for the United States Senate.
Senate
editChávez was the Democratic nominee for U.S. Senator from New Mexico in 1934. He lost narrowly to Republican incumbent Bronson M. Cutting. However, Cutting was killed in an airplane crash on May 6, 1935, and five days later, Chávez was appointed to fill the vacancy pending a special election.[1] In 1936, Chávez was elected to the remaining four years of Cutting's term, and then won a full term of his own in 1940, becoming the first person of Hispanic descent to be elected to a full term in the U.S. Senate. (Octaviano Larrazolo, also from New Mexico, was the first Hispanic to be elected to the Senate, but he was only elected to the remainder of an unexpired term and never served a full term.) Chávez was re-elected again in 1946, 1952 and 1958, and served until his death in 1962. He served as chairman of the Committee on Public Works from 1949 to 1953, and again from 1955 until his death.
In 1954, Senate Republicans attempted to remove Chávez from his seat, claiming that irregularities from the 1952 election meant the election results could not be trusted. A resolution that claimed no candidate had won the 1952 election, and therefore requiring the Republican governor of New Mexico to appoint a new senator, was defeated by a vote of 36-53.[3]
Personal life
edit
In 1911, Chávez married Imelda Espinosa, a member of a prominent New Mexico family. In 1914, they moved to Belen. The couple had three children: Dennis, Jr., Gloria and Ymelda.
Dennis Chávez died of cancer, attributed to his being a lifelong smoker, in Washington, D.C., on November 18, 1962,[4] and was buried at Mount Calvary Cemetery in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Congress honored his memory with a minute of silence, and then-Vice-President Lyndon B. Johnson spoke at his funeral. At the time of his death, he was fourth-ranking in Senate seniority.
Legacy
edit
Chávez, only the second-ever Hispanic member of the US Senate, was the first US-born Hispanic elected to the Senate (Octaviano Larrazolo was born in Mexico). He was also the first person born in New Mexico elected by the state to the Senate. By a large margin, he is the longest-serving Hispanic US senator.[citation needed]
He was honored by the United States Postal Service with a 35¢ Great Americans series (1980–2000) postage stamp.[citation needed]
His daughter, Ymelda Chavez Dixon, wrote a successful women's column for the Washington Evening Star from 1965 to 1981 called "Your Date with Ymelda."[5]
A granddaughter, Gloria Tristani, followed in public service, serving as chair of the New Mexico State Corporations Commission in 1996, as a member of the Federal Communications Commission from 1997 to 2001, and as the Democratic nominee for New Mexico's other U.S. Senate seat in 2002 where she lost to Senator Pete Domenici.[6]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d Irion, Frederick C. (March 1959). "The 1958 Election in New Mexico". The Western Political Quarterly. 12 (1): 322–327. doi:10.2307/444060. JSTOR 444060. Retrieved March 5, 2023.
- ^ "CHAVEZ, Dennis".
- ^ "CQ Almanac Online Edition". Retrieved December 30, 2016.
- ^ Diaz, Rose. "Biography of Senator Chavez". The Dennis Chavez Foundation. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
- ^ "Ymelda Dixon Obituary - Washington, DC - The Washington Post". The Washington Post.
- ^ "Hispanic Americans in Congress -- Chávez". Library of Congress.
External links
edit
- United States Congress. "Dennis Chávez (id: C000338)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- The Dennis Chavez Foundation – Established in 1988
- Documentary Film About Dennis Chavez
- US Congress (1963). Memorial Services Held in the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States, Together With Remarks Presented in Eulogy of Dennis Chavez, Late a Senator from New Mexico. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office – via HathiTrust.