Hu Zhongzao (
Background
editHu Zhongzao was the son of Hu Dazhi (
In October of the fourth year of Qianlong, Hu Zhongzao was 29 years old, so he was born in the 51st year of Kangxi (1712) at the latest.[5][verification needed]
Career
editIn February of the 20th year of Qianlong, the Qianlong Emperor secretly told Wei Zhezhi (卫哲
Scholar Han Zhanke (翰詹
Hu escaped the more severe sentence of lingchi, but was beheaded in 1755. At this time, Hu Zhongzao's father, son, wife, concubine, and daughter-in-law died one after another. Their property was confiscated, but they had little money at home: only 3,000 taels of silver and 70 stones.[clarification needed] The case was tied back to Ortai as Hu Zhongzao was Ortai's disciple, and Ortai's memorial tablet was ordered to be withdrawn from Xianliang Temple on charges of forming "private cliques" (
Hu Zhongzao's poem "A handful of hearts are turbid and clear" (“一把心肠论浊清”) was used as evidence of his rebellion as he put the character zhuo (浊), meaning 'murky', before Qing (
References
editCitations
edit- ^ a b Fang 2017, pp. 454–456
- ^ a b Guy 1987
- ^ a b Qingdai wenziyu dang 1931: “
将 胡 中藻 任 广西学 政 时所出 试题及与人 唱和 诗文并一切 恶迹,严行察出速 奏 。” - ^ Zhu 1920, p. 2
- ^ "
第 十 冊 ,第 四 百 八 十 六 卷 ,第 二 十 至 二 十 三 頁 ". Qing Gaozong Chun Huangdi Shilu 《清 高 宗純 皇帝 實錄 》 [Veritable Records of the Pure Qing Emperor Gaozong].清 實錄 . - ^ Qingdai wenziyu dang 1931: “诋讪怨望”,“
非人 类中所 应有” - ^ Man Qing yeshi 1916: “
胡 中藻 违天逆 道 ,覆 载不容 ,合 依 大 逆 ,凌 迟处死 。”
Sources
edit- Fang, Chao-ying (2017) [1943]. "Ortai". In Hummel, Arthur Sr (ed.). Eminent Chinese of the Qing Period (Revised ed.). Berkshire Publishing Group. ISBN 9781614728498.
- Guy, R. Kent (1987). The Emperor's Four Treasuries: Scholars and the State in the Late Ch'ien-lung Era. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Archivists of the Palace Museum, ed. (2011) [1931]. "
胡 中藻 《坚磨生 诗钞》案 ". Qingdai wenziyu dang清 代 文字 獄 檔 [Qing dynasty literary crime dossiers]. Vol. 1. Shanghai: Shanghai Bookstore Publishing House. ISBN 9787545803167. - "
康 雍乾間 文字 之 獄 ". Man Qing yeshi滿 清野 史 [Unofficial History of the Manchu Qing]. Wenqiao Publishing. 1972 [1916]. - Zhu Ruzhen (
朱 汝 珍 ) (1920). 词林辑略 [Abridged Collection of Words]. Vol. 4. Beijing: Central Classics Engraving House.
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