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Dunhua - Wikipedia
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Dunhua

Dunhua (Chinese: 敦あつし化か; Korean: 돈화) is a county-level city of the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in southeastern Jilin province, China. It has more than 480,000 inhabitants (as of 2002) and was the capital of Balhae between 742 and 756, known at the time as "Junggyeong". During the Qing dynasty it was called Áodōng (敖东) in Chinese and Odoli in Manchu.[citation needed]

Dunhua
敦あつし化か市し · 돈화시
County-level city
Dunhua in 2013
Dunhua in 2013
Dunhua is located in Jilin
Dunhua
Dunhua
Location in Jilin province
Coordinates: 43°22′N 128°14′E / 43.367°N 128.233°E / 43.367; 128.233
CountryChina
ProvinceJilin
PrefectureYanbian
Municipal seatMinzhu Subdistrict
Area
[1]
 • County-level city11,957.0 km2 (4,616.6 sq mi)
 • Urban
116.00 km2 (44.79 sq mi)
Elevation
505 m (1,657 ft)
Population
 (2020 census)[2]
 • County-level city392,486
 • Density33/km2 (85/sq mi)
 • Urban
201,900
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
133700
Area code0433
Websitewww.dunhua.gov.cn
Dunhua
Chinese敦あつし化か市し
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinDūnhuà Shì
Chinese Korean name
Chosŏn'gŭl돈화시
Hancha敦あつし化か市し
Transcriptions
Revised RomanizationDonhwa-si
McCune–ReischauerTonhwa-si
South Korean name
Hangul둔화시
Transcriptions
Revised RomanizationDunhwa Si
McCune–ReischauerTunhwa Si

Geography and climate

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Dunhua is situated amongst the Changbai Mountains, its administrative area spanning 42°42′−44°30′ N latitude and 127°28′−129°13′ E longitude, reaching a maximal north–south extent of 200 km (124 mi) and east–west width of 142 km (88 mi). Its total area of 11,957 km2 (4,617 sq mi) makes it, by area, the largest county-level city of the province.

Dunhua has a four-season, monsoon-influenced, humid continental climate (Köppen Dwb), with long, very cold winters, and short, but warm, humid summers. Spring and autumn constitute very short transitions with some, but usually not heavy, rainfall. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −16.2 °C (2.8 °F) in January to 20.2 °C (68.4 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 3.8 °C (38.8 °F) and a total precipitation of 633.7 mm (24.9 in), more than 60% of which falls from June through August.

Liuding Mountain is located 5 km south of Dunhua. The mountain is one of the AAAAA Tourist Attractions of China, and contains tombs from the Balhae kingdom, a large monastery and a 48 meter tall statue of the Buddha.[3]

Climate data for Dunhua, elevation 525 m (1,722 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 5.6
(42.1) 		12.7
(54.9) 		18.3
(64.9) 		29.0
(84.2) 		32.4
(90.3) 		34.5
(94.1) 		36.4
(97.5) 		33.3
(91.9) 		29.2
(84.6) 		28.3
(82.9) 		20.2
(68.4) 		8.4
(47.1) 		36.4
(97.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −8.8
(16.2) 		−4.3
(24.3) 		2.8
(37.0) 		12.5
(54.5) 		19.5
(67.1) 		23.8
(74.8) 		26.2
(79.2) 		25.2
(77.4) 		20.5
(68.9) 		12.7
(54.9) 		1.5
(34.7) 		−6.8
(19.8) 		10.4
(50.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) −15.6
(3.9) 		−11.1
(12.0) 		−3.2
(26.2) 		6.0
(42.8) 		12.9
(55.2) 		17.9
(64.2) 		20.9
(69.6) 		19.9
(67.8) 		13.8
(56.8) 		5.7
(42.3) 		−4.2
(24.4) 		−12.8
(9.0) 		4.2
(39.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −21.1
(−6.0) 		−17.2
(1.0) 		−8.9
(16.0) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		6.6
(43.9) 		12.5
(54.5) 		16.5
(61.7) 		15.5
(59.9) 		8.1
(46.6) 		−0.2
(31.6) 		−9.1
(15.6) 		−17.9
(−0.2) 		−1.3
(29.7)
Record low °C (°F) −35.9
(−32.6) 		−33.9
(−29.0) 		−26.8
(−16.2) 		−13.7
(7.3) 		−9.6
(14.7) 		1.4
(34.5) 		7.4
(45.3) 		3.0
(37.4) 		−6.0
(21.2) 		−19.3
(−2.7) 		−31.5
(−24.7) 		−34.1
(−29.4) 		−35.9
(−32.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 4.7
(0.19) 		8.6
(0.34) 		17.4
(0.69) 		28.9
(1.14) 		70.6
(2.78) 		100.4
(3.95) 		145.1
(5.71) 		134.8
(5.31) 		65.7
(2.59) 		30.0
(1.18) 		18.1
(0.71) 		7.1
(0.28) 		631.4
(24.87)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 4.8 5.0 7.6 8.6 14.1 15.0 15.3 14.4 9.6 8.5 8.4 7.2 118.5
Average snowy days 9.1 8.5 10.5 5.5 0.4 0 0 0 0.1 3.1 10.2 10.4 57.8
Average relative humidity (%) 65 60 57 53 60 71 78 80 74 64 65 67 66
Mean monthly sunshine hours 161.3 178.0 207.2 203.3 219.1 207.0 187.7 182.6 200.6 185.8 145.7 143.2 2,221.5
Percent possible sunshine 55 60 56 50 48 45 41 43 54 55 51 52 51
Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[4][5]
Source 2: Weather China[6]

Administrative divisions

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Dunhua has four subdistricts, 11 towns, and five townships.[7][8]

Name Simplified Chinese Hanyu Pinyin Korean McCune–Reischauer Administrative division code
Subdistricts
Bohai Subdistrict 渤海街道かいどう Bóhǎi jiēdào 발해가도 palhae kato 222403001
Shengli Subdistrict 胜利街道かいどう Shènglì jiēdào 승리가도 sŭngri kato 222403002
Minzhu Subdistrict 民主みんしゅ街道かいどう Mínzhǔ jiēdào 민주가도 minchu kato 222403003
Danjiang Subdistrict 丹たん江こう街道かいどう Dānjiāng jiēdào 단강가도 minchu kato 222403004
Towns
Dashitou 大石おおいし头镇 Dàshítóu zhèn 대석두진 taesŏktu chin 222403100
Huangnihe 黄き泥どろ河かわ镇 Huángníhé zhèn 황니하진 hwangniha chin 222403101
Guandi 官かん地ち镇 Guāndì zhèn 관지진 kwanchi chin 222403102
Shaheyan 沙すな河かわ沿镇 Shāhéyán zhèn 사하연진 sahayŏn chin 222403103
Qiuligou 秋あき梨なし沟镇 Qiūlígōu zhèn 추리구진 ch'uriku chin 222403104
Aegmog 额穆镇 Émù zhèn 액목진 aekmok chin 222403105
Xianru 贤儒镇 Xiánrú zhèn 현유진 hyŏnyu chin 222403106
Dapuchaihe 大蒲おおかば柴しば河かわ镇 Dàpúcháihé zhèn 대푸채하진 taep'uch'aeha chin 222403107
Yanminghu 雁かり鸣湖镇 Yànmínghú zhèn 안명호진 anmyŏngho chin 222403108
Jiangyuan 江こう源はじめ镇 Jiāngyuán zhèn 강원진 kangwŏn chin 222403109
Jiangnan 江南こうなん镇 Jiāngnán zhèn 강남진 kangnam chin 222403110
Townships
Daqiao Township 大だい桥乡 Dàqiáo xiāng 대교향 taekyo hyang 222403200
Heishi Township 黑石くろいし乡 Hēishí xiāng 흑석향 hŭksŏk hyang 222403201
Qinggouzi Township 青あお沟子乡 Qīnggōuzi xiāng 청구자향 ch'ŏngkucha hyang 222403202
Hanzhang Township 翰章乡 Hànzhāng xiāng 한장향 hanchang hyang 222403203
Hongshi Township 红石乡 Hóngshí xiāng 홍석향 hongsŏk hyang 222403204

Sister cities

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References

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  1. ^ Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, ed. (2019). China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017. Beijing: China Statistics Press. p. 50. Archived from the original on 18 June 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  2. ^ "延のべ边朝鲜族自治じち州しゅう第だい七次全国人口普查公报" (in Chinese). Government of Yanbian Prefecture. 2021-06-07.
  3. ^ "Liuding Mountain, Dunhua". govt.chinadaily.com.cn. China Daily. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  4. ^ 中国ちゅうごく气象数すう据すえ网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  5. ^ 中国ちゅうごく气象数すう据すえ网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  6. ^ 敦あつし化か - 气象数すう据すえ -中国ちゅうごく天てん气网 (in Chinese). Weather China. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
  7. ^ 2022年ねん统计用よう区く划代码：敦あつし化か市し (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China.
  8. ^ 延のべ边朝鲜族自治じち州しゅう-行政ぎょうせい区く划网 www.xzqh.org (in Chinese). xzqh.org. Retrieved 2011-04-28.
  9. ^ "동작구 코로나19 현황". www.dongjak.go.kr. Retrieved 2021-07-05.
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