Ernst Damzog (30 October 1882 – 24 July 1945) was a German policeman, who was a member of the SS of Nazi Germany and served in the Gestapo. He was responsible for the mass murder of Poles and Jews committed in the territory of occupied Poland during World War II.
Ernst Damzog | |
|---|---|
 Ernst Damzog in civilian clothing, 1935 | |
| Born | 30 October 1882 Strassburg, German Empire |
| Died | 24 July 1945 (aged 62) Halle, Allied-occupied Germany |
| Allegiance |  Nazi Germany |
| Service |  Schutzstaffel |
| Years of service | until 1945 |
| Rank | SS-Brigadeführer (Brigadier General) |
| Unit | SS-Totenkopfverbände |
Invasion of Poland
editIn September 1939, during the invasion of Poland, Damzog served as colonel (SS-Standartenführer) of Einsatzgruppe V (EG V-Allenstein), deployed with the 3rd Army (Wehrmacht) in Reichsgau Wartheland (Warthegau), which was carved out of the Polish lands annexed by Nazi Germany. He was responsible for the mass executions of Polish citizens following the victorious Battle of Grudziądz (Graudenz), practically eradicating the entire Jewish population of the town.[1] He was also in control of the execution of medical patients in order to empty state hospitals,[2] which he entrusted to his subordinate officer Herbert Lange.[3] After the annexation of western Poland, Damzog served in occupied Poznań (Posen) as the police inspector for both Sicherheitspolizei (SiPo) and Sicherheitsdienst (SD),[4] under the command of SS-Obergruppenführer Wilhelm Koppe sent to Posen on September 30, 1939.[5]
While in Poznań, Damzog was actively involved in the mass expulsions of Poles from Reichsgau Wartheland to General Government. He personally selected staff for the killing centre in Chełmno extermination camp and supervised its daily operation. The first victims there came from the local villages, and the mass killings with the use of gas vans started on 8 December 1941.[6]
The murders at Chelmno were the precursor to the Final Solution, because the idea of systematic genocide by gassing the able-bodied was not yet fully explored. Damzog is said to have related his 'experiments' to both Wilhelm Koppe and Arthur Greiser.[7]
Damzog was stationed in the Gau until 1945, and promoted to the rank of SS-Brigadeführer as well as Generalmajor in 1944 for his swift anti-Polish and anti-Jewish police actions. Damzog was transferred back to Germany ahead of the Soviet offensive. Ernst Damzog died after the war in July 1945 in Halle.
See also
edit- Operation Tannenberg extermination action
- Intelligenzaktion targeting Polish elites
- German AB-Aktion in Poland, in spring and summer of 1940
References
edit- ^ "Intelligenzaktion na Pomorzu" (Docx direct download 25 KB). 2012. Chomikuj.pl. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
- ^ Henry Friedlander (1997). The expanded killing program. Univ. of North Carolina Press. p. 137. ISBN 9780807846759. Retrieved June 20, 2012.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ Editorial board (2009–2012). "Euthanasia in the Warthegau. Introduction". Tiergartenstrasse 4 Association. Retrieved June 25, 2012.
- ^ The expulsions of Poles to General Government. Gostyń. PDF file from Muzeum.gostyn.pl, direct download. (in Polish)
- ^ Catherine Epstein (2010). Ernst Damzog (inspector of Sipo and SD in Posen). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0191613845. Retrieved June 21, 2012.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ Catherine Epstein (2010). Ernst Damzog (ibidem). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0191613845. Retrieved June 21, 2012.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ Ian Kershaw (January 2011). "Improvised Genocide? The Emergence of the 'Final Solution' in the 'Warthegau'" (PDF file, direct download 1.04 MB). Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Sixth Series, Vol. 2 (1992). Royal Historical Society. pp. 51–78. Retrieved June 25, 2012.
Further reading
edit- Michael Wildt: Generation des Unbedingten. Das Führungskorps des Reichssicherheitshauptamtes. Hamburger Edition HIS Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, 2002, ISBN 3-930908-75-1
- Shlomo Aronson: Heydrich und die Anfänge des SD und der Gestapo. 1931-1935, S. 217.
- Hansjürgen Koehler: Inside the Gestapo, 1940 S. 36.