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Fenghua, Ningbo - Wikipedia
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Fenghua, Ningbo

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Fenghua (Fenghuaⓘ; Chinese: 奉たてまつ化か; pinyin: Fènghuà; Wu: Von-ho) is a district of the city of Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China. The district and its administrative hinterlands has a population of over 480,000.

Fenghua
奉たてまつ化か区く
Fenghwa
District
Wenchang Pavilion in Xikou
Wenchang Pavilion in Xikou
Fenghua in Ningbo
Fenghua in Ningbo
Ningbo in Zhejiang
Ningbo in Zhejiang
Coordinates: 29°39′N 121°25′E / 29.650°N 121.417°E / 29.650; 121.417
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceZhejiang
Sub-provincial cityNingbo
Township-level divisions12 (6 towns, 6 townships)
Government
 • MayorGao Haomeng
Area
[1]
 • Total1,249 km2 (482 sq mi)
Population
[1]
 • Total490,000
 • Density390/km2 (1,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
315500
Area code0574
Websitewww.FH.gov.cn
Fenghua, Ningbo
Chinese奉たてまつ化か
PostalFenghwa

Fenghua is most famous for being the hometown of former Presidents Chiang Kai-shek and Chiang Ching-kuo. Geographically, it is dominated by the Tiantai and Siming mountain ranges.

History

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Fenghua was established as a county in the Tang dynasty, in the territory of Mingzhou. Its name means "Accepting Reform" and adopted during imperial times. During the Song dynasty, immigration from the north increased exponentially, peaking during the loss of northern China to the Jurchen Jin dynasty during the Jin–Song wars. In 1129, Fenghua was raided by Jurchen cavalry in pursuit of Emperor Gaozong. Local militia at Xiaowangmiao (蕭しょう王おう廟びょう) fought off the invaders.

In late imperial times, Fenghua established itself as a meeting point for trade between the agrarian communities to the north, in Yinxian (鄞縣), and the mountain-based communities in the south. In exchange for grain and cereals, the hill peoples would trade bamboo, timber and other cash crops such as tea and tobacco. In the east of Fenghua, around Xiangshan (象山ぞうさん), there existed also a number of fishing communities.

As with the rest of China, the 19th century brought about tumultuous changes. The Opium Wars with Britain devastated the economies of the coast. Around this time, many Fenghua men sought opportunity in the rising cities of Harbin, Weihaiwei and Shanghai. They later became famous in the 1920s for their dominance of the tailoring profession in downtown Shanghai, known as the "Feng Bang" (奉たてまつ幫). But by far Fenghua's most famous son was Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, Chairman and later Director-General of the Kuomintang (KMT) (1926-1927, 1936–1975) and President of the Republic of China (1948-1975). Chiang's family were originally salt merchants in the township of Xikou (old pronunciation "Qikou"), a town in the west of Fenghua district.

Administrative divisions

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Fenghua District administrative divisions map
Dayan
Fangqiao
Jiangkou
Jinping
Yuelin
Shangtian
Xiwu
Chunhu
Qiucun
Song'ao
 
Map including Fenghua (labeled as FENG-HUA (FENGHWA) 奉たてまつ化か) (1954)

Fenghua has 6 subdistricts and 6 towns.[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Six subdistricts:

  • Jinping (锦屏街道かいどう)
  • Yuelin (岳たけ林りん街道かいどう)
  • Jiangkou (Chiang-k’ou-chen; 江口えぐち街道かいどう, formerly 江口えぐち鎮)
  • Xiwu (Hsi-wu-chen; 西にし坞街道どう, formerly 西にし塢鎮)
  • Xiaowangmiao (Hsiao-wang-miao-shih; 萧王庙街道どう, formerly 蕭しょう王おう庙市)
  • Fangqiao (Fang-ch’iao-chen; 方ほう桥街道どう), established in January 2019

Six towns:

  • Xikou (Ch’i-k’ou-chen, 溪けい口こう镇/溪けい口こう鎮)
  • Chunhu (Shun-hu-chen; 莼湖镇/蓴湖鎮)
  • Shangtian (尚なお田た镇)
  • Dayan (大堰おおせぎ镇)
  • Qiucun (裘村镇)
  • Song'ao/Song Ao[7] (Sung-ao-shih; 松まつ岙镇[8])

Climate

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Climate data for Fenghua (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 27.0
(80.6) 		31.0
(87.8) 		33.6
(92.5) 		36.1
(97.0) 		37.6
(99.7) 		38.3
(100.9) 		41.1
(106.0) 		41.6
(106.9) 		36.9
(98.4) 		35.1
(95.2) 		30.3
(86.5) 		26.1
(79.0) 		41.6
(106.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 9.8
(49.6) 		11.9
(53.4) 		15.9
(60.6) 		21.8
(71.2) 		26.3
(79.3) 		28.9
(84.0) 		33.6
(92.5) 		33.0
(91.4) 		28.6
(83.5) 		24.0
(75.2) 		18.6
(65.5) 		12.5
(54.5) 		22.1
(71.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) 5.6
(42.1) 		7.3
(45.1) 		11.0
(51.8) 		16.4
(61.5) 		21.2
(70.2) 		24.6
(76.3) 		28.7
(83.7) 		28.2
(82.8) 		24.2
(75.6) 		19.1
(66.4) 		13.7
(56.7) 		7.7
(45.9) 		17.3
(63.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2.3
(36.1) 		3.8
(38.8) 		7.2
(45.0) 		12.3
(54.1) 		17.3
(63.1) 		21.4
(70.5) 		25.2
(77.4) 		24.9
(76.8) 		21.0
(69.8) 		15.3
(59.5) 		9.8
(49.6) 		4.0
(39.2) 		13.7
(56.7)
Record low °C (°F) −7.7
(18.1) 		−5.7
(21.7) 		−4.6
(23.7) 		−1.1
(30.0) 		7.6
(45.7) 		12.4
(54.3) 		18.2
(64.8) 		18.0
(64.4) 		11.2
(52.2) 		0.8
(33.4) 		−3.6
(25.5) 		−8.3
(17.1) 		−8.3
(17.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 79.7
(3.14) 		75.0
(2.95) 		123.8
(4.87) 		104.6
(4.12) 		122.1
(4.81) 		225.9
(8.89) 		154.9
(6.10) 		204.9
(8.07) 		188.9
(7.44) 		90.2
(3.55) 		74.4
(2.93) 		64.1
(2.52) 		1,508.5
(59.39)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 12.5 11.9 15.4 14.4 14.6 16.6 12.8 16.4 13.9 9.1 10.6 10.0 158.2
Average snowy days 2.7 1.9 0.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 6.3
Average relative humidity (%) 76 75 75 73 76 83 78 80 82 78 78 75 77
Mean monthly sunshine hours 109.8 107.4 127.6 152.4 160.4 126.2 229.1 207.5 149.6 153.2 120.2 124.1 1,767.5
Percent possible sunshine 34 34 34 39 38 30 54 51 41 44 38 39 40
Source: China Meteorological Administration[9][10]

Economy

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Today, Fenghua is a centre for light manufacturing and small scale farming. It boasts a number of premier garment and textiles factories, including the Romon brand widely recognised in China. It is also home to the vast industrial facilities of Ningbo Bird, a leading Chinese mobile phone manufacturer. As the port city of Ningbo is further integrated into the burgeoning economic region of Shanghai, Fenghua will attract increased foreign investment and continue to grow.

In 1996, Fenghua District was jointly named "Hometown of Chinese Peach" by the Development Research Center of the State Council and other departments. Fenghua peach is also known as "China's first peach". Fenghua peach industry continues to develop rapidly and has become one of the pillar industries for Fenghua farmers to increase their income.

In 2008, the district's gross domestic product was RMB 18.8 billion (per capita RMB 39,100), an increase of 8.1% from the previous year.

Tourism

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Largely as a result of Chiang's fame, Fenghua attracts a large number of tourists. Aside from Chiang's former residence and related nostalgia, Fenghua has relatively few relics from the past. The great Xuedou Temple (雪ゆき竇寺), once one of the ten great monasteries of Chan Buddhism, was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. Other sites, along with numerous local shrines, clan halls and genealogies, also perished in those chaotic years.

To encourage the growing tourist trade, Fenghua municipality has made efforts to preserve remaining items of cultural interest. In 1988, for example, it rebuilt Xuedou Temple and also restored the Temple of King Xiao at Xiaowangmiao.

References

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  1. ^ a b c "Administrative Divisions". 宁波市し奉たてまつ化か区く人民じんみん政府せいふ English. Retrieved 29 September 2019. Fenghua's total land area covers 1,249 km2, its sea area covers 96 km2, governing 6 towns and 5 residential districts, with a population of 490,000.
  2. ^ 2018年ねん统计用よう区く划代码和城じょう乡划分ぶん代だい码：奉たてまつ化か区く [2018 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Fenghua District] (in Simplified Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2018. Retrieved 29 September 2019. 统计用よう区く划代码 名称めいしょう 330213001000 锦屏街道かいどう 330213002000 岳たけ林りん街道かいどう 330213003000 江口えぐち街道かいどう 330213004000 西にし坞街道どう 330213005000 萧王庙街道どう 330213100000 溪けい口こう镇 330213103000 尚なお田た镇 330213104000 莼湖镇 330213106000 裘村镇 330213107000 大堰おおぜき镇 330213108000 松まつ岙镇
  3. ^ 奉たてまつ化か市し历史沿革えんかく [Fenghua City Historical Development] (in Simplified Chinese). XZQH.org. 10 October 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2019. 2010年ねん末まつ，奉たてまつ化か市し面めん积1268平方へいほう千せん米めーとる，人口じんこう48.2万まん人にん，辖5个街道どう、6个镇、21个社区く、15个居民みん区く、355个行政ぎょうせい村むら。
  4. ^ 行政ぎょうせい区く划. 宁波市し奉たてまつ化か区く人民じんみん政府せいふ (in Simplified Chinese). Retrieved 29 September 2019. 2003年ねん12月，江口えぐち镇、西にし坞镇和わ萧王庙镇改あらため为街道どう。全市ぜんし设6镇5街道かいどう。 2019年ねん1月がつ，新しん成立せいりつ方かた桥街道どう。全区ぜんく设6镇6街道かいどう
  5. ^ 宁波市し奉たてまつ化か区く政せい区く图. 宁波市し奉たてまつ化か区く人民じんみん政府せいふ (in Simplified Chinese). July 2018. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
  6. ^ 奉たてまつ化か市し政府せいふ网站报送情じょう况. 宁波市し人民じんみん政府せいふ 政府せいふ站 (in Simplified Chinese). 10 September 2015. Retrieved 30 September 2019. 松まつ岙镇政府せいふ http://songao.fhnews.com.cn 永久えいきゅう关停 {...} 奉たてまつ化か大堰おおせぎ http://dayan.fhnews.com.cn 永久えいきゅう关停 {...} 奉たてまつ化か·莼湖镇 http://chunhu.fhnews.com.cn 永久えいきゅう关停 奉たてまつ化か尚なお田た镇 http://shangtian.fhnews.com.cn 永久えいきゅう关停 奉たてまつ化か新しん闻网岳だけ林りん站 http://yuelin.fhnews.com.cn 永久えいきゅう关停 奉たてまつ化か新しん闻网—锦屏站 http://jinping.fhnews.com.cn 永久えいきゅう关停{...}奉たてまつ化か萧王庙街道どう http://xwm.fhnews.com.cn 永久えいきゅう关停 奉たてまつ化か市し江口えぐち街道かいどう办事处 http://www.fhjk.gov.cn 永久えいきゅう关停 奉たてまつ化か新しん闻网-西にし坞街道どう http://xiwu.fhnews.com.cn 永久えいきゅう关停{...}奉たてまつ化か新しん闻网-裘村站 http://qiucun.fhnews.com.cn 永久えいきゅう关停
  7. ^ "Crop doctors are busy serving farmers". 宁波市し奉たてまつ化か区く人民じんみん政府せいふ English. 31 May 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2019. For two consecutive days in May 29th, 3 Farm doctors at the District Central Farm Hospital came to the field of Li Feng, a large grain farmer in Song Ao town.
  8. ^ 现代汉语规范词典(第だい3版はん) [Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian (Third Edition)]. 北京ぺきん. Beijing: 外そと语教学がく与あずか研究けんきゅう出版しゅっぱん社しゃ. Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. May 2014. p. 13. ISBN 978-7-513-54562-4. 岙 ào 名めい 指ゆび山やま间平地ち（多用たよう于地名めい）▻松まつ~ 霓~ （均ひとし在ざい浙江せっこう）。
  9. ^ 中国ちゅうごく气象数すう据すえ网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  10. ^ "Experience Template" 中国ちゅうごく气象数すう据すえ网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
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