GNAL

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNAL gene. Its main product is the heterotrimeric G-protein alpha subunit G_olf-αあるふぁ, a member of the Gs alpha subunit family that is a key component of G protein-coupled receptor-regulated adenylyl cyclase signal transduction pathways in the olfactory system and the striatum in the brain. It also mediated D1 receptor signalling in the striatum and is hence involved in motor control.

GNAL
Identifiers
Aliases	GNAL, DYT25, G protein subunit alpha L, HG1O
External IDs	OMIM: 139312; MGI: 95774; HomoloGene: 68222; GeneCards: GNAL; OMA:GNAL - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 18 (human) Band 18p11.21 Start 11,689,264 bp End 11,885,685 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 18 (mouse) Band 18 E1|18 39.85 cM Start 67,221,287 bp End 67,359,863 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in external globus pallidus lateral nuclear group of thalamus middle temporal gyrus nucleus accumbens entorhinal cortex pars compacta pons superior vestibular nucleus putamen caudate nucleus Top expressed in olfactory tubercle olfactory epithelium nucleus accumbens globus pallidus medial dorsal nucleus medial geniculate nucleus lateral septal nucleus superior frontal gyrus lateral geniculate nucleus medial vestibular nucleus More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function guanyl nucleotide binding nucleotide binding GTP binding metal ion binding G protein-coupled receptor binding GTPase activity signal transducer activity G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding Cellular component plasma membrane extracellular exosome heterotrimeric G-protein complex Biological process sensory perception of smell adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway signal transduction activation of adenylate cyclase activity G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 2774 14680 Ensembl ENSG00000141404 ENSMUSG00000024524 UniProt P38405 Q8CGK7 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001142339 NM_001261443 NM_001261444 NM_002071 NM_182978 NM_001369387 NM_010307 NM_177137 RefSeq (protein) NP_001135811 NP_001248372 NP_001248373 NP_892023 NP_001356316 NP_034437 NP_796111 Location (UCSC) Chr 18: 11.69 – 11.89 Mb Chr 18: 67.22 – 67.36 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

See also

• Second messenger system
• G protein-coupled receptor
• Heterotrimeric G protein
• Adenylyl cyclase
• Protein kinase A
• Olfactory receptors

Further reading

• Zigman JM, Westermark GT, LaMendola J, et al. (1994). "Human G(olf) alpha: complementary deoxyribonucleic acid structure and expression in pancreatic islets and other tissues outside the olfactory neuroepithelium and central nervous system". Endocrinology. 133 (6): 2508–14. doi:10.1210/endo.133.6.8243272. PMID 8243272.
• Astesano A, Regnauld K, Ferrand N, et al. (1999). "Cellular and subcellular expression of Golf/Gs and Gq/G11 alpha-subunits in rat pancreatic endocrine cells". J. Histochem. Cytochem. 47 (3): 289–302. doi:10.1177/002215549904700303. PMID 10026232.
• Vuoristo JT, Berrettini WH, Overhauser J, et al. (2001). "Sequence and genomic organization of the human G-protein Golfalpha gene (GNAL) on chromosome 18p11, a susceptibility region for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia". Mol. Psychiatry. 5 (5): 495–501. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000758. PMID 11032382. S2CID 23116111.
• Zill P, Engel R, Baghai TC, et al. (2002). "Analysis of polymorphisms in the olfactory G-protein Golf in major depression". Psychiatr. Genet. 12 (1): 17–22. doi:10.1097/00041444-200203000-00002. PMID 11901355. S2CID 22757545.
• Régnauld K, Nguyen QD, Vakaet L, et al. (2002). "G-protein alpha(olf) subunit promotes cellular invasion, survival, and neuroendocrine differentiation in digestive and urogenital epithelial cells". Oncogene. 21 (25): 4020–31. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205498. PMID 12037684. S2CID 23730354.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Zill P, Malitas PN, Bondy B, et al. (2004). "Analysis of polymorphisms in the alpha-subunit of the olfactory G-protein Golf in lithium-treated bipolar patients". Psychiatr. Genet. 13 (2): 65–9. doi:10.1097/01.ypg.0000057881.80011.45. PMID 12782961. S2CID 20253173.
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
• Corradi JP, Ravyn V, Robbins AK, et al. (2005). "Alternative transcripts and evidence of imprinting of GNAL on 18p11.2". Mol. Psychiatry. 10 (11): 1017–25. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001713. PMID 16044173. S2CID 19513069.
• Ravyn V, Bostwick JR (2006). "Functional coupling of the Galpha(olf) variant XLGalpha(olf) with the human adenosine A2A receptor". J. Recept. Signal Transduct. Res. 26 (4): 241–58. doi:10.1080/10799890600710592. PMID 16818375. S2CID 27231567.