Captain George Francis Kosco (1 April 1908 – 11 June 1985) was a United States Navy aerologist and polar explorer.
George F. Kosco | |
|---|---|
 George F. Kosco, c. 1945 | |
| Birth name | George Francis Kosco |
| Born | 1 April 1908 Ramsaytown, Pennsylvania, US |
| Died | 11 June 1985 (aged 77) Bethesda, Maryland, US |
| Buried | |
| Service |  United States Navy |
| Years of service | 1930–1960 |
| Rank | Captain |
Kosco was born in Ramsaytown, Pennsylvania, on 1 April 1908.[1] He was a Slovak American:[2] his father had come from Oľšov, and his mother from Plavnica.[1] His family name had been "Kvasnak", but this was changed to "Kosco" when his parents emigrated to the United States.[1] Kosco graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1930, and earned a master's degree in weather aerology from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1940.[3] His dissertation, co-authored with John O. F. Dorsett, was called Winter weather types of the eastern North Pacific and adjacent coastal and island areas.[4]
Kosco spent much of the 1930s hurricane hunting in the Caribbean.[5] In 1939 he married Bernadette Howley (1912–2013); the couple had three children.[6] Bob Drury and Tom Clavin describe him as a "handsome, athletic six-footer",[5] while Buckner F. Melton Jr. calls him "a slightly stout moon-faced officer".[3]
Kosco was assigned to Admiral William Halsey Jr.'s Third Fleet in early October 1944.[5] In December, the fleet was struck by Typhoon Cobra, which destroyed three ships. Kosco, aboard the USS New Jersey, reported a "tropical disturbance" 600 miles (970 km) to the east, and moving away from the fleet, when in fact it was a full-blown typhoon 200 miles (320 km) away and coming towards the fleet. Kosco later admitted to a board of inquiry that he had underestimated Cobra's strength, "basing his prediction on historical data about regional storms rather than relying upon current local observations." He was "mildly reprimanded".[7] In 1967, Kosco published an account of the incident coauthored with Hans Christian Adamson: Halsey's Typhoons: A Firsthand Account of How Two Typhoons, More Powerful than the Japanese, Dealt Death and Destruction to Admiral Halsey's Third Fleet.[8]
Kosco was present at the signing ceremony of the Japanese surrender on the USS Missouri at Tokyo Bay on 2 September 1945.[2] He took what is believed to be the only color film footage of the ceremony.[9][10][11] This was only released publicly in 2010.[12]
In 1946 Kosco participated in Operation Nanook in the Arctic.[1] He was then chief aerologist and chief scientist in Operation Highjump in the Antarctic with Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd Jr. in 1946–47. He also led several other polar expeditions, collecting specimens for the Smithsonian Institution.[13] Kosco Glacier in Antarctica was named in his honor in 1962.[14]
Kosco retired from the Navy in 1960.[6] He died on 11 June 1985 at Bethesda Naval Hospital, and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e Tuleya, Eduard A. (2003). "Kosco, George F.". Jég és föld között: Az Antarktisz (újra)felfedezése (PDF) (in Hungarian). NAP Kiadó. pp. 123–124. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
- ^ a b Kopanic, Michael J. (June 2012). "Slovaks in New Jersey: An Overview". Naše Rodina. 24 (2).
- ^ a b Melton, Buckner F. Jr. (2007). Sea Cobra: Admiral Halsey's Task Force and the Great Pacific Typhoon. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 99. ISBN 9781461749127. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
- ^ Kosco, George F.; Dorsett, John O. F. (1940). Winter weather types of the eastern North Pacific and adjacent coastal and island areas (PDF). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
- ^ a b c Drury, Bob; Clavin, Tom (2007). Halsey's Typhoon: The True Story of a Fighting Admiral, an Epic Storm, and an Untold Rescue (PDF). Grove Press. p. 45. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
- ^ a b "Bernadette H. Kosco". The Patriot-News. 14 August 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
- ^ Smith, Steve Trent (27 February 2019). "During Halsey's Typhoon, Two Captains Fight A Stormy Fate". HistoryNet. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
- ^ "Halsey's typhoon's a firsthand account of how two typhoons more powerful than the Japanese dealt death and destruction to Admiral Halsey's Third Fleet". Imperial War Museums. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
- ^ "Japanese Surrender in Color (1945)". The Vietnam War. United States Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
- ^ "The Only Color Footage of the Japanese Surrender in Tokyo Bay on September 2, 1945". Veterans Breakfast Club. 25 August 2022. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
- ^ "Japanese Surrender in Color (1945)". Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
- ^ Patrick, Neil (10 May 2016). "This footage shows the Japanese surrender from 1945 in color". The Vintage News. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
- ^ Glass, Jessica (3 February 2016). "Was Frozen Mammoth or Giant Ground Sloth Served for Dinner at The Explorers Club?". PLOS One. 11 (2): 9. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1146825G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0146825. PMC 4740485. PMID 26840445. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
- ^ "Kosco Glacier". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved 5 September 2022.