Huang Tzu

In this Chinese name, the family name is Huang.

Huang Tzu (simplified Chinese: 黄き自じ; traditional Chinese: 黃き自じ; pinyin: Huáng Zì; Wade–Giles: Huang Tzu; 23 March 1904 - 9 May 1938), courtesy name Jinwu (Chinese: 今こん吾われ; pinyin: Jīnwú; Wade–Giles: Chin-wu), was a Chinese composer of the early 20th century.

Huang Tzu
Background information
Born	(1904-03-23)23 March 1904 Shanghai, China
Died	9 May 1938(1938-05-09) (aged 34)
Genres	Classical Chinese music, Choir, Symphony
Occupation	Composer

Life

Huang was born in Chuansha, Shanghai, during the final years of the Qing Dynasty. His father Huang Hongpei was a factory manager, and his mother Lu Meixian founded the first women’s school in Shanghai. He was also a distant relative of Huang Yanpei. He was accepted into Tsinghua College in 1916 and was introduced to Western music there. While at Tsinghua, he studied piano and vocal music, and was well-known within the local community. At that time, he was also influenced by the May Fourth Movement, which occurred in 1919.

After his graduation in 1924, Huang went on to study psychology in Oberlin College in Ohio, United States, assisted by the Boxer Indemnity Scholarship. There, he studied music theory, sight-singing, dictation, and keyboard harmony. In 1928, he was accepted into Yale University, where he studied Western music. In Yale, he composed the overture In Memoriam, which is the first large-scale orchestral work by a Chinese composer. There, he also composed another overture called "Nostalgia", which was played at the Yale School of Music’s graduation concert."

In 1929, Huang returned to China and taught in the University of Shanghai, National Music College and other music schools. After the Mukden Incident in 1931, Huang wrote patriotic songs such as Resist the Enemy Song (抗こう敌歌). During this time, he also faced censorship from the Chinese government, and had to change "enemy" for "Japan" in the song's title. In 1935, he established the Shanghai Orchestra, the first all-Chinese orchestra. Some of his students, including He Luting, Ding Shande, Zhu Ying, Jiang Dingxian, Lin Sheng, Lin Shengxi and Liu Xue'an, became famous musicians later.

Works

Huang's best-known works include: Philosophical Song (天てん倫りん歌か); Plum Blossoms in the Snow (踏雪尋ひろ梅うめ), a 1933 large cantata based on Bai Juyi's poem Chang hen ge; Flower in the Mist (花はな非ひ花はな); Lotus Song (採と蓮はちす謠うたい); Benshi (本ほん事こと). He also composed the National Flag Anthem of the Republic of China. Huang died of typhoid fever in Shanghai in 1938.

List by year

Title	Year	Instrumentation	Text
Nostalgia (怀旧)	1929	Orchestra	N/A
Missing Homeland (思おもえ乡)	1932	Voice and piano	Wei Hanzhang
Spring Nostalgia (春はる思おもえ曲きょく)	1932	Voice and piano	Wei Hanzhang
Three Wishes From a Rose (玫瑰三さん愿すなお)	1932	Voice, violin, and piano	Long Qi
Present to the Front Line Soldiers (赠前敌将士し)	1932		He Xiangning
West Lake After Rain (雨あめ后きさき西湖さいこ)	1933		Wei Hanzhang
September 18th (九きゅう一いち八はち)	1933		Wei Hanzhang
Plum Blossoms in the Snow (踏雪寻梅)	1933		Liu Xue'an
Down to Jiangling (下江しもえ陵りょう)	1933		Li Bai
Flower in the Mist (花はな非ひ花はな)	1933	Voice and piano	Bai Juyi
Ode to Ascending the Tower (点てん绛唇 · 赋登楼ろう)	1934	Voice and piano	Wang Zhuo
Students' Year of National Goods Song (学生がくせい国こく货年歌か)	1934		Huang Yanpei
Thoughts on Climbing Beigu Pavilion in Jingkou (南みなみ乡子·登とう京口きょうぐち北きた固かた亭ちん有ゆう怀)	1934		Xin Qiji
Composed in Residence at Huangzhou Dinghui Garden (卜ぼく算さん子こ·黄き州しゅう定てい慧とし院いん寓居ぐうきょ作さく)	1934		Su Shi
The West Wind's Words (西にし风的话)	1934		Liao Fushu
Swallow Speak (燕つばめ语)	1934		Wei Hanzhang
Sleeping Lion (睡ねむ狮)	1934		Wei Hanzhang
Lotus Song (采さい莲谣)	1934		Wei Hanzhang
Philosophical Song (天てん伦歌)	1936		Zhong Shigen
Song of Enthusiasm (热血歌か)	1937		Wu Zonghai