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Ikeda Terumasa - Wikipedia
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Ikeda Terumasa

In this Japanese name, the surname is Ikeda.

Ikeda Terumasa (池田いけだ 輝政てるまさ, January 31, 1565 – March 16, 1613) was a Japanese daimyō of the early Edo period. His court title was Musashi no Kami. Terumasa was also known by the nickname saigoku no shōgun, or, "The Shōgun of Western Japan". Terumasa fought in many of the battles of the late Azuchi–Momoyama period, and due to his service at the Battle of Sekigahara, received a fief at Himeji. His childhood name was Araokojimaru (荒尾あらお古新こしん丸まる). He was the son of Ikeda Tsuneoki and brother of Ikeda Sen.

Ikeda Terumasa
池田いけだ 輝政てるまさ
Ikeda Terumasa
Daimyō of Himeji
In office
1600–1613
Preceded bynone
Succeeded byIkeda Toshitaka
Personal details
BornJanuary 31, 1565
DiedMarch 16, 1613(1613-03-16) (aged 48)
NationalityJapanese
SpouseToku Hime
Military service
Allegiance Toyotomi clan
Tokugawa clan
Eastern Army
Unit Mino-Ikeda family
Battles/warsBattle of Komaki and Nagakute (1584)
Imjin war (1592
Battle of Gifu Castle (1600)
Battle of Sekigahara (1600)

Biography

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Terumasa was the 2nd son and heir of Ikeda Nobuteru, Terumasa held Ikejiri Castle (Mino Province)

In 1579, during the Siege of Itami (1574), Terumasa was stationed at Settsukura Bridge with his father.[1] Then later in 1580, during the Siege of Hanakuma castle, they camped at Kitasuwagamine,[2] and on March 2nd, Terumasa performed notable action where he personally killed six enemies during the battle.[3] Due to his military exploits, he was awarded a letter of commendation from Nobunaga.[2]

In 1584 on April 9th, during the Battle of Nagakute, Terumasa served under the Ikeda Tsuneoki and Mori Nagayoshi who commands 3,000 and 2,000 soldiers respectively.[4] During this battle, Nagayoshi was shot and killed in action, while Tsuneoki also killed by Nagai Naokatsu's spear and died in battle. Terumasa was then persuaded by his vassals to retreat. Eventually, the Tsuneoki and Mori forces were crushed, and the battle ended in victory for the Tokugawa force.[5][4]

In 1590, following the transfer of Tokugawa Ieyasu to the Kanto, Terumasa was established at Yoshida in Mikawa, a 152,000-koku fief. In 1594 Terumasa married one of Tokugawa's daughters, and after Hideyoshi's death in 1598, the Ikeda drifted into Ieyasu's camp.

In 1592, Terumasa participated in Japanese invasions of Korea. He stays in the castle and is in charge of guarding the East Country. As for his duties regarding the dispatch of troops to Korea, Terumasa was ordered to build large ships and transport provisions and rice to Nagoya Castle.[6] He also worked on constructing Fushimi Castle and Toyotomi Hideyasu's Yamatotanai Castle.[2]

In 1594, Terumasa married to Tokuhime, the daughter of Tokugawa Ieyasu with Hideyoshi's mediation.[7]

Conflict with Ishida Mitsunari

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According to popular theory In 1598 after the death of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, the government of Japan have an accident when seven military generals consisted of Fukushima Masanori, Katō Kiyomasa, Ikeda Terumasa, Hosokawa Tadaoki, Asano Yoshinaga, Katō Yoshiaki, and Kuroda Nagamasa planned a conspiracy to kill Ishida Mitsunari. It was said that the reason of this conspiracy was dissatisfaction of those generals towards Mitsunari as he wrote bad assessments and underreported the achievements of those generals during the Imjin war against Korea & Chinese empire.[8] However, despite the classical historiography depiction of the event as "seven generals against Mitsunari", modern historian Watanabe Daimon has pointed out there was more generals involved such as Hachisuka Iemasa, Tōdō Takatora, and Kuroda Yoshitaka also brought their troops and entourage to confront Mitsunari.[9]

At first, these generals gathered at Kiyomasa's mansion in Osaka Castle, and from there they moved into Mitsunari's mansion. However, Mitsunari learned of this through a report from a servant of Toyotomi Hideyori named Jiemon Kuwajima, and fled to Satake Yoshinobu's mansion together with Shima Sakon and others to hide.[8] When the seven generals found out that Mitsunari was not in the mansion, they searched the mansions of various feudal lords in Osaka Castle, and Kato's army also approached the Satake residence. Therefore, Mitsunari and his party escaped from the Satake residence and barricaded themselves at Fushimi Castle.[10] The next day, the seven generals surrounded Fushimi Castle with their soldiers as they knew Mitsunari was hiding there. Tokugawa Ieyasu, who was in charge of political affairs in Fushimi Castle trying to arbitrate the situation. The seven generals requested Ieyasu to hand over Mitsunari, which refused by Ieyasu. Ieyasu then negotiated the promised to let Mitsunari retire and to review the assessment of the Battle of Ulsan Castle in Korea which became the major source of this incident, and had his second son, Yūki Hideyasu, to escort Mitsunari to Sawayama Castle.[11]

However, modern historians such as Daimon, Junji Mitsunari, and Goki Mizuno has stated from the primary and secondary sources text about the accident this was more of legal conflict between those generals with Mitsunari, rather than conspiracy to murder him. The role of Ieyasu here was not to physically protect Mitsunari from any physical harm from them, but to mediate the complaints of those generals.[12][9]

Nevertheless, historians viewed this incident not just as simply personal problems between those generals and Mitsunari, but rather as an extension of the political rivalries of greater scope between the Tokugawa faction and the anti-Tokugawa faction led by Mitsunari. Since this incident, those military figures who were on bad terms with Mitsunari would later support Ieyasu during the conflict of Sekigahara between the Eastern army led by Tokugawa Ieyasu and the Western army led by Ishida Mitsunari.[8][13] Muramatsu Shunkichi, writer of "The Surprising Colors and Desires of the Heroes of Japanese History and violent womens”, gave his assessment that the reason of Mitsunari failure in his war against Ieyasu was due to his unpopularity among the major political figures of that time.[14]

When the Sekigahara Campaign began in the fall of 1600, Terumasa immediately sided with his father-in-law, Tokugawa.[15] He also manage to convince Nakagawa Hidenari to side with Ieyasu during this conflicts.[7]

In August 21, the Eastern Army led by Terumasa Ikeda, began crossing the river from Kawada. Terumasa army engaged in a battle at Yoneno against Oda Hidenobu. After the Hidenobu army routed, the Eastern army led by Naomasa and Fukushima crossed the river and directly attacked Takegahana Castle at 9:00 AM on the August 22nd. Shigekatsu himself setting the castle on fire and committed suicide as a final act of defiance.[16]

At the Battle of Sekigahara, Ikeda commanded 4,560 troops[15] in the rear guard and saw some desultory fighting with Chosokabe Morichika's contingent as the battle wound down.

 
Grave of Ikeda Terumasa

Following the Tokugawa victory, Terumasa was given a 520,000-koku fief and the province of Harima.[17][18] He also rewarded by his father-in-law, Ieyasu, with Himeji Castle.[19] which he expanded and completed in 1609.[20] In 1603 Bizen was added to Terumasa's territory, and this he assigned to his eldest son, Toshitaka (1584–1616).

By the time of Terumasa's death in 1613, the Ikeda had grown to rule over Harima, Bizen, Inaba, and Awaji, with a combined income of around 1,000,000-koku.[citation needed]

Following the death of Toshitaka, the Tokugawa Bakufu took steps to reduce the alarming power of the Ikeda and eventually reduced the family to Tottori (Inaba) and Okayama (Bizen).

Ōkanehira sword

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Tati Ōkanehira sword

Ōkanehira or Great Kanehira, refers to the extraordinary size of the katana's blade. Work of Kanehira from Bizen Province, owned by Ikeda Terumasa and passed down in the Ikeda clan.

Family

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Toku-Hime after taking tonsure

Appendix

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  1. ^ Okada Masato (1999, p. 444)
  2. ^ a b c 阿部あべ猛たけし; 西村にしむら圭子けいこ, eds. (1990). 戦国せんごく人名じんめい事典じてん. 新人物往来社しんじんぶつおうらいしゃ. p. 76.
  3. ^ Okada Masato (1999, p. 222)
  4. ^ a b 参謀さんぼう本部ほんぶ 編へん (1978). 日本にっぽん戦史せんし第だい13巻かん 小牧こまき役やく [Japanese War History Volume 13: Komaki Role] (in Japanese). p. 35-39. Retrieved 12 May 2024. modern digital library edit of original edition 1908
  5. ^ 花見はなみ朔ついたち已やめ (1942). "小牧こまき・長久手ながくての役やく". 大だい日本にっぽん戦史せんし. 三さん教書きょうしょ院いん: 44.
  6. ^ Okada Masato (1999, p. 223)
  7. ^ a b Kōhei Murakawa (2000, p. 112)
  8. ^ a b c Mizuno Goki (2013). "前田まえだ利家としいえの死しと石田いしだ三成みつなり襲撃しゅうげき事件じけん" [Death of Toshiie Maeda and attack on Mitsunari Ishida]. 政治せいじ経済けいざい史学しがく (in Japanese) (557号ごう): 1–27.
  9. ^ a b Watanabe Daimon (2023). ""Ishida Mitsunari Attack Incident" No attack occurred? What happened to the seven warlords who planned it, and Ieyasu?". rekishikaido (in Japanese). PHP Online. pp. 1–2. Retrieved 11 June 2024.
  10. ^ Kasaya Kazuhiko (2000). "豊臣とよとみ七なな将しょうの石田いしだ三成みつなり襲撃しゅうげき事件じけん―歴史れきし認識にんしき形成けいせいのメカニズムとその陥穽かんせい―" [Seven Toyotomi Generals' Attack on Ishida Mitsunari - Mechanism of formation of historical perception and its downfall]. 日本にっぽん研究けんきゅう (in Japanese) (22集しゅう).
  11. ^ Kasaya Kazuhiko (2000). "徳川とくがわ家康いえやすの人情にんじょうと決断けつだん―三成みなり"隠匿いんとく"の顚末とその意義いぎ―" [Tokugawa Ieyasu's humanity and decisions - The story of Mitsunari's "concealment" and its significance]. 大だい日光にっこう (70号ごう).
  12. ^ "七なな将しょうに襲撃しゅうげきされた石田いしだ三成みつなりが徳川とくがわ家康いえやすに助たすけを求もとめたというのは誤あやまりだった". yahoo.co.jp/expert/articles/ (in Japanese). 渡邊わたなべ大門おおもん 無断むだん転載てんさいを禁きんじます。 © LY Corporation. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  13. ^ Mizuno Goki (2016). "石田いしだ三成みつなり襲撃しゅうげき事件じけんの真相しんそうとは". In Watanabe Daimon (ed.). 戦国せんごく史しの俗説ぞくせつを覆くつがえす [What is the truth behind the Ishida Mitsunari attack?] (in Japanese). 柏書房かしわしょぼう.
  14. ^ 歴代れきだい文化ぶんか皇國こうこく史し大觀たいかん [Overview of history of past cultural empires] (in Japanese). Japan: Oriental Cultural Association. 1934. p. 592. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
  15. ^ a b Wilkinson, Philip (2012-08-20). Great Buildings. London: Dorling Kindersley Limited. p. 128. ISBN 9780756698294.
  16. ^ 竹鼻たけがはな町まち史し編集へんしゅう委員いいん会かい (1999). 竹鼻たけはなの歴史れきし [Takehana] (in Japanese). Takehana Town History Publication Committee. pp. 30–31.
  17. ^ Poitras, Gilles (2005). The Anime Companion 2: More What's Japanese in Japanese Animation?. Berkeley, CA: Stone Bridge Press. p. 30. ISBN 1880656965.
  18. ^ Taniguchi 1999, p. 18.
  19. ^ Peter Louis Bonfitto (2021). World Architecture and Society: From Stonehenge to One World Trade Center [2 volumes]. USA: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 587. ISBN 9781440865855. Retrieved 26 May 2024.
  20. ^ Deal, William E. (2007). Handbook to Life in Medieval and Early Modern Japan. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 316. ISBN 9780195331264.

Bibliography

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  • (in Japanese) Japanese Wikipedia article on Terumasa (23 October 2007)
  • Okada Masato (1999). 織田おだ信長のぶなが総合そうごう事典じてん [Oda Nobunaga Comprehensive Encyclopedia]. 雄山閣ゆうざんかく.
  • Kōhei Murakawa (2000). 日本にっぽん近世きんせい武家ぶけ政権せいけん論ろん [Theory of Early Modern Japanese Samurai Government]. 近代きんだい文芸ぶんげい社しゃ.
  • Taniguchi, Sumio (1999). 織田おだ信長のぶなが総合そうごう事典じてん. 雄山閣ゆうざんかく.
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