Kōdai-in

Kita no Mandokoro
Kōdai-in
Kita no Mandokoro Kōdai-in
高台院こうだいいん
	Kōdai-in in nun's robe
Castellan of Kyōto New castle; (Yamashiro Province)
	In office; 1599–1623
Personal
Born	1540s; Owari Province, Japan
Died	October 17, 1624; Kōdai-ji, Kyoto, Japan
Resting place	Otama-ya, Kōdai-ji, Kyoto, Japan
Religion	Buddhism
Nationality	Japanese
Spouse	Toyotomi Hideyoshi (m. 1561; died 1598)
Children	none
Parents	Sugihara Sadatoshi (father); Asahi-dono (mother);
Other names	Nene ; Toyotomi Yoshiko
Dharma names	Kōdai-in Kogetsuni
Posthumous name	Hikari no Tenshi
Organization
Temple	Kōdai-ji
Senior posting
Based in	Kyoto, Japan
Consecration	Kōdai-ji

Kōdai-in (高台院こうだいいん) (died October 17, 1624), formerly known as Nene (ねね), One (おね), Nei (ねい), was an aristocrat and Buddhist nun, founder of the temple Kōdai-ji in Kyoto, Japan. She was formerly the principal samurai wife of Toyotomi Hideyoshi under the name of Toyotomi Yoshiko (豊臣とよとみ吉子よしこ).^[1] When she rose in higher political status, she took the title of "Kita no mandokoro". As the matriarch figure of the Toyotomi clan, she led all diplomatic affairs that had to do with the imperial court, and monitored the daimyos' families who were being held hostage at Osaka Castle.

Early life

Kōdai-in was born in Owari Province between 1541 and 1549. She was the second daughter of Sugihara Sadatoshi [ja], a descendant of Taira no Sadamori, and the Emperor Kammu (735-806). She was adopted by her maternal uncle Asano Nagakatsu, a descendant of the Toki clan, of Minamoto no Yorimitsu (944-1021), and the Emperor Seiwa (850-881). According to the "Hankanpu" (Genealogy of the Protectors of the Shogunate), she was first supposed to marry Maeda Toshiie, but she became the wife of Hideyoshi.

As Hideyoshi's wife

Around 1561, she married Hashiba Hideyoshi, a man who would later become one of the three great unifiers of Japan, although at the time of their marriage he had yet to gain much fame, and despite her mother Asahi-dono's opposition to this marriage, because of the difference in social status with her husband. Nene was his principal wife and also one of his favorite wives. In 1585, after Hideyoshi was appointed to the post of Imperial Regent (Kampaku), Nene took on the title of "Kita no mandokoro."^{[citation needed]}

As the wife of Hideyoshi, Nene is most famous for being one of his closest aides and confidantes. The daughter of a samurai, she had many familial connections that netted Hideyoshi several retainers. Among these retainers were Sugihara Ietsugu (Nene's uncle), Kinoshita Iesada (Nene's brother), Kobayakawa Hideaki (Nene's nephew) and Asano Nagamasa (Nene's brother-in-law). The last of these characters would serve as an important official in Hideyoshi's later administration. Nene was known to have been an intelligent woman who, at times, advised Hideyoshi on matters of governance by sending him letters. When Hideyoshi repealed the tax exemptions he had granted to the residents living in his headquarters at Nagahama, Nene appealed to him to reinstate the exemptions, and he did. It is also recorded that Hideyoshi frequently wrote letters to Nene to tell her about how his campaigns were going. Hideyoshi did this after his invasion of Sassa Narimasa's territory in Japan's Hokuriku region and after his campaign against the Shimazu clan.^{[citation needed]}

When Hideyoshi unified Japan, Nene often went with him to attend parties. She was courteous and respectful to her guests on every occasion. When Emperor Go-Yozei visited Hideyoshi's mansion with his entourage in 1588, Nene freely distributed a plethora of gifts to Hideyoshi's visitors. She also received the rank of Juichii from the Emperor himself. During Japanese invasions of Korea, Nene assisted the Toyotomi army by giving advise on how to transfer supplies from Japan to Korea.^{[citation needed]}

Though adored, Nene often found herself competing with other women for Hideyoshi's attention. In a letter to Nene, Oda Nobunaga also noted that Hideyoshi was somewhat dissatisfied with Nene. Hideyoshi took up several concubines. Nene did not bear any children.^[1]

Letter from Oda Nobunaga

...It has been quite sometime since I last saw you, but your beauty grows day by day. Tokichiro [Hideyoshi] complains about you constantly and it is outrageous. While that "bald rat" [Hideyoshi] flusters to find another good woman, you remain lofty and elegant. Do not be envious. Show Hideyoshi this letter...

As Hideyoshi's widow

Nene worried about Hideyoshi often when he was on his deathbed. Eventually, as Hideyoshi was on his last throes, she petitioned the Imperial Court to sponsor a sacred dance ritual to pray for and expedite Hideyoshi's recovery.

After Hideyoshi died in 1598, Nene became a nun and assumed the dharma name of Kōdai-in Kogetsuni. She was respected as a maternal figure for many retainers of the Toyotomi clan who proved to be loyal to her even after Hideyoshi's death. She gave up the eastern ward of Osaka Castle to Tokugawa Ieyasu and relocated herself to the imperial palace. Nene had a captivating and gentle personality, so she gained the respect of many; she helped and housed many women related to the Western Army (commanded by Ishida Mitsunari) after the Battle of Sekigahara.

In 1602, after the Battle of Sekigahara, she had an audience with the mother of Tokugawa Ieyasu, Odai no Kata and Emperor Goyozei.

In 1603, Nene attended Toyotomi Hideyori and Senhime's wedding. In 1606 with the help of Tokugawa Ieyasu, she established a Buddhist temple Kōdai-ji in Kyoto, to which she moved. It became the burial area for her husband, his mother, and later Toyotomi Hideyori. During the contest between Toyotomi Hideyori and Tokugawa Ieyasu for supremacy (Siege of Osaka), Kōdai-in intended to persuade Yodo-dono to submit to the Tokugawa, but Ieyasu prevented her from going to Osaka.^[2]

Death

After her death in 1624 and burial within the temple compound of Kodai-ji, she was posthumously given the name of Hikari no Tenshi or "Angel of Light".^[3]

Her remains would later be unearthed to make way for the sanctuary known as Otama-ya. Upon its completion, her remains were interred there, and placed under the wooden statue of herself, alongside the statue of Hideyoshi.^{[citation needed]}

Legacy

The life of this prominent resident of Kyoto is still commemorated in a short street which bears her name. Nene's Street (ねねの道みち, Nene-no-Michi) remains lined with structures built in traditional Kyoto style. Nene-no-Michi is located in Higashiyama Ward in eastern Kyoto near Kōdai-ji, Maruyama Park and Yasaka Shrine.^[4]

Mikazuki Munechika (sword)

Sword made by Sanjō Munechika (三条さんじょう宗はじめ近こん), One of the Five Swords under Heaven (天下てんか五ご剣けん); the name "Mikazuki (三日月みかづき)", meaning "crescent moon" refers to the shape of the tempering pattern; owned by Kōdai-in, wife of Toyotomi Hideyoshi who bequeathed it to Tokugawa Hidetada, then handed down in the Tokugawa clan.

Mikazuki Munechika, the sword once owned by Kōdai-in.

Honours

Junior First Rank (April 19, 1588)

References

^ ^a ^b Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Matsudaira Ietada" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 702.
^ "このときねねは、徳川とくがわ家康いえやすの要求ようきゅうを受うけ入いれるように説得せっとくすることを目的もくてきに、大坂おおさか城じょうへ向むかおうとしていました。". Touken World. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
^ Nenzi, Laura. (2008). Excursions in Identity: Travel and the Intersection of Place, Gender, and Status in Edo Japan, p. 89.
^ Rowthorn, Chris. (2005). Kyoto: City Guide, p. 95; JapanVisitors: Kodaiji Temple/Nene-no-Michi.