Ko Ko Gyi (Burmese: ကိုကိုကြီး, [kò kò dʑí] born 18 December 1961) is a Burmese politician and leading democracy activist. For his protests against the military government, he spent over 17 years in prison on multiple occasions between 1989 and 2012.[note 1] He was considered a prisoner of conscience by Amnesty International.[1] BBC News describes him as a key member of the 8888 Generation movement.[2][3] He is one of the country's most prominent activists, second only to Min Ko Naing.[1][4]
Ko Ko Gyi | |
|---|---|
 Ko Ko Gyi in 2018 | |
| Born | 18 December 1961 Yangon, Myanmar (Burma) |
| Education | Yangon University (Final year, International Relations) |
| Alma mater | Government Technical Institute (Pyay) |
| Occupation | Politician |
| Organization(s) | All Burma Federation of Student Unions 88 Generation Students Group |
| Movement | 8888 Uprising Saffron Revolution |
| Spouse |
Khin Thu Thu Win (m. 2014) |
| Parent | Thaung Tun |
Political activism
edit1988 protests
editIn 1988, Ko Ko Gyi was a final year international relations major at Yangon University when the 1988 Uprising began.[1] Ko Ko Gyi, together with fellow student leaders, led a peaceful rally on the campus of Yangon University on 15 March 1988. On 16 March 1988 he was among the students who were beaten by the police on the main street in front of the school while they were attempting to march to the Yangon Institute of Technology. On 28 August 1988, he became the vice-chair of the All Burma Federation of Student Unions (ABSFU) led by Min Ko Naing.[4]
Political imprisonment
editHe was arrested on 27 April 1989, and held in detention for 44 days. Following his release, he led the ABSFU from July 1989 to December 1991, while his friend and colleague Min Ko Naing remained in detention. He was arrested again on 11 December 1991 for his involvement in a student protest at Yangon University, held to honor Aung San Suu Kyi, who was under house arrest, for her receiving the Nobel Peace Prize.[4]
He was initially sentenced to 20 years' imprisonment with hard labor but the sentence was later reduced to 10 years. When he completed his prison term, the authorities continued to detain him under section 10(A) of the State Protection Act. He was eventually released in March 2005, after spending more than 13 years in prison. On 27 September 2006, he was arrested, together with Min Ko Naing, Htay Kywe, Min Zeya and Pyone Cho, for their pro-democracy activities, including the White Sunday Campaign, which began in early 2006. He was released on 11 January 2007.[4]
Saffron Revolution
editKo Ko Gyi returned to politics shortly after his release. In August 2007, he and other activists from the 88 Generation movement marched to protest against high fuel prices. The protests led to the Saffron Revolution, largest demonstrations against the military government since 1988. On 21 August 2007, he and other prominent activists were arrested again. He was detained in prison without trial for more than a year until 28 August 2008. On 11 November, he was sentenced to 65 years in prison.[4][5] On 13 January 2012, he was released as part of a mass presidential pardon of political prisoners with nearly 600 other political prisoners from custody.[6][7]
Political career
edit
He was an observer to peace talks at the Myanmar Peace Centre.[8][9] He was a member of Rakhine Investigation Commission to investigate the deadly sectarian violence in Rakhine state.[10][11] On 28 August 2012, Ko Ko Gyi published a collection of political interviews entitled Free Expression (ပြောချင်လို့ပြောခဲ့တာတွေ).[12]
He had planned to run for a seat in 2015 elections from the National League for Democracy.[13] But, to the surprise of many, his name was omitted from the NLD’s candidate list.[14] In response, he formed a new party, the People's Party in 2018.[15]
Since the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état, he has publicly engaged with the military junta, signalling his intention to participate in the junta's planned elections.[16]
On 27 January 2024, he opened the People's Party's new head office in Yangon after registering on December 29, 2023, and meeting with Min Aung Hlaing on Burmese Independence Day and January 6th. However, the People's Party needs to recruit at least 100,000 members in three months and open 100 offices in half of all townships in six months to receive qualifications under the Myanmar Junta's Political Party Registration Law.[17] [18]
Personal life
editKo Ko Gyi is married to Khin Thu Thu Win in 2014 and they have one child.[19][20]
Notes
edit- ^ 1989, 1991–2005, 2006–2007, 2007–2012. See (Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (Burma) (2009-06-24). "Political Prisoner Profile: Ko Ko Gyi / Case No. 0004" (PDF). aappb.org. pp. 2–5. Retrieved 2014-04-26.).
References
edit- ^ a b c "'Happy Birthday' in a Prison Cell". .irrawaddy.org. Retrieved 2014-04-07.
- ^ "Asia-Pacific | Profile: 88 Generation Students". BBC News. 2007-08-22. Retrieved 2014-04-07.
- ^ "Brief Biography of Ko Ko Gyi, 88 Generation Student Leader | MoeMaKa Burmese News & Media". Moemaka.com. 2009-12-18. Retrieved 2014-04-07.
- ^ a b c d e Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (Burma) (2009-06-24). "Political Prisoner Profile: Ko Ko Gyi / Case No. 0004" (PDF). aappb.org. pp. 1–5. Retrieved 2014-04-26.
- ^ Elaine Pearson, deputy Asia director at Human Rights Watch (2008-11-11). "Burma: Free Activists Sentenced by Unfair Courts | Human Rights Watch". Hrw.org. Retrieved 2014-04-07.
- ^ Kyaw Zwa Moe (2014-04-07). "More than a Wedding Gift". Irrawaddy.org. Retrieved 2014-04-26.
- ^ "Ko Ko Gyi: Changing face of Burma | DVB Multimedia Group". Dvb.no. 2012-01-18. Retrieved 2014-04-07.
- ^ "Myanmar delays 30 POW transfer". Eleven Myanmar. 2013-01-07. Retrieved 2014-04-07.
- ^ "Myanmar government and ABSDF agree on peace agreement - Burma Centre Delhi (BCD)". Burma Centre Delhi. 2013-08-14. Retrieved 2014-04-07.
- ^ Hindstrom, Hanna (2012-08-17). "Gov't forms commission to investigate Arakan violence | DVB Multimedia Group". Dvb.no. Retrieved 2014-04-07.
- ^ Aung, Peter (2012-09-17). "Arakan commission completes 'fact-finding' tour | DVB Multimedia Group". Dvb.no. Retrieved 2014-04-07.
- ^ "Another student leader, another book". The Myanmar Times. 2012-09-17. Retrieved 2021-11-05.
- ^ AUNG HLA TUN (21 July 2015). "'88 Generation's Ko Ko Gyi Joins Suu Kyi's Party to Run in Polls". The Irrawaddy. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
- ^ "Pro-Democracy Activist Ko Ko Gyi: 'I Will Set Up My Own Party'". The Irrawaddy. 7 August 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
- ^ "Suu Kyi's inconvenient truth and the origins of Myanmar's coup". Nikkei Asia. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
- ^ "Myanmar Junta Chief Vows to Defeat Shadow Govt and Allied EAOs for Supporting Resistance". The Irrawaddy. 2023-03-27. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
- ^ Former Myanmar 88 Gen Leader Opens People’s Party Office in Yangon. The Irrawaddy. January 29, 2024. Archived January 29, 2024, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Myanmar’s military government enacts new political party law. January 27, 2023. Grant Peck. AP News. Archived November 27, 2023, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Ko Ko Gyi & Khin Thu Thu Win Signed Wedding Certificate". Myanmar Celebrity. 2014-03-04. Retrieved 2014-04-07.
- ^ "Wedding Reception: Ko Ko Gyi & Khin Thu Thu Win | Myanmar Model Links". Model.myanmaronlinecentre.com. Retrieved 2014-04-07.