Lüliang (simplified Chinese: 吕梁; traditional Chinese:
Lüliang
吕梁 Lvliang, Lyuliang | |
|---|---|
Downtown Lishi District | |
.png) Location of Lüliang City jurisdiction in Shanxi | |
  Lüliang Location of the city centre in Shanxi | |
| Coordinates (Lüliang municipal government): 37°31′08″N 111°08′40″E / 37.5190°N 111.1445°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Shanxi |
| County-level divisions | 1 District 2 county-level cities 10 counties |
| Municipal seat | Lishi District |
| Government | |
| • Type | Prefecture-level city |
| • CPC Lvliang Secretary | Gao Weidong ( |
| • Mayor | Ding Xuefeng ( |
| Area | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 21,143 km2 (8,163 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 1,323 km2 (511 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,323 km2 (511 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 952 m (3,123 ft) |
| Population (2020 census)[1] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 3,398,431 |
| • Density | 160/km2 (420/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 456,355 |
| • Urban density | 340/km2 (890/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 456,355 |
| • Metro density | 340/km2 (890/sq mi) |
| GDP[2] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 153.8 billion US$ 24.2 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 45,256 US$ 7,241 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 033000 |
| Area code | 0358 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-SX-11 |
| Licence plates | |
| Administrative division code | 141100 |
| Website | www |
History
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2015) |
Originally organized by the People's Republic of China as the Jinsui Border Region,[4] the region was sparsely populated in the early 20th century. However, the discovery of coal, iron, and aluminum deposits incentivized economic investment and population growth in the region. In May 1971, Lüliang was established as a prefecture-level area, and the area was reformed into a prefecture-level city in July 2004.
In 2010, the city had a GDP growth rate of 21%; at the time, prices for coal were high and the city had an active coal industry. There were plans to build a new business district in Lüliang, strongly supported by then-mayor Zhang Zhongsheng. However, in 2014, the GDP declined by 2%, and by 2015, due to a slowing economy, plans in Lüliang stalled and many apartment blocks were left unoccupied. Zhongsheng lost his job due to corruption in 2015, and was sentenced to death in 2021 on bribery charges, with a 2-year reprieve.[5][6]
The Chinese-American reproductive biologist Min Chueh Chang was born in Lüliang in 1908.
Administration
editLüliang has direct jurisdiction over 1 district, 2 county-level cities, and 10 counties:
| Map | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010 census)[7] | Area (km2) | Density (/km2) |
| 1 | Lishi District | 离石 |
Líshí Qū | 320,142 | 1,323 | 242 |
| 2 | Xiaoyi City | Xiàoyì Shì | 468,770 | 934 | 502 | |
| 3 | Fenyang City | 汾阳 |
Fényáng Shì | 416,212 | 1,173 | 355 |
| 4 | Wenshui County | Wénshuǐ Xiàn | 421,199 | 1,069 | 394 | |
| 5 | Zhongyang County | Zhōngyáng Xiàn | 141,374 | 1,435 | 98 | |
| 6 | Xing County | 兴县 | Xīng Xiàn | 279,373 | 3,164 | 88 |
| 7 | Lin County | 临县 | Lín Xiàn | 579,077 | 2,979 | 194 |
| 8 | Fangshan County | Fāngshān Xiàn | 143,809 | 1,433 | 100 | |
| 9 | Liulin County | Liǔlín Xiàn | 320,676 | 1,288 | 249 | |
| 10 | Lan County | 岚县 | Lán Xiàn | 174,182 | 1,509 | 115 |
| 11 | Jiaokou County | 交口县 | Jiāokǒu Xiàn | 119,918 | 1,258 | 95 |
| 12 | Jiaocheng County | 交城县 | Jiāochéng Xiàn | 230,521 | 1,821 | 126 |
| 13 | Shilou County | Shílóu Xiàn | 111,815 | 1,736 | 64 | |
Climate
editLüliang has a monsoon-influenced continental climate, that, under the Köppen climate classification, falls on the borderline between the semi-arid (Köppen BSk) and humid continental (Dwa) regimes, and features large diurnal temperature variation. Winters are cold and very dry, while summers are hot and slightly humid. The monthly daily average temperature ranges from −7.0 °C (19.4 °F) in January to 23.7 °C (74.7 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 9.5 °C (49.1 °F). Close to three-fourths of the annual precipitation occurs from June to September.
| Climate data for Lüliang (Lishi District), elevation 951 m (3,120 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15.0 (59.0) |
22.7 (72.9) |
29.8 (85.6) |
35.5 (95.9) |
36.7 (98.1) |
40.6 (105.1) |
39.8 (103.6) |
37.2 (99.0) |
36.2 (97.2) |
29.4 (84.9) |
24.1 (75.4) |
16.7 (62.1) |
40.6 (105.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0.7 (33.3) |
5.7 (42.3) |
12.6 (54.7) |
20.1 (68.2) |
25.6 (78.1) |
29.6 (85.3) |
30.6 (87.1) |
28.5 (83.3) |
23.6 (74.5) |
17.2 (63.0) |
9.4 (48.9) |
2.1 (35.8) |
17.1 (62.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −6.2 (20.8) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
5.2 (41.4) |
12.5 (54.5) |
18.2 (64.8) |
22.5 (72.5) |
24.1 (75.4) |
22.2 (72.0) |
16.9 (62.4) |
10.0 (50.0) |
2.5 (36.5) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
10.2 (50.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −11.4 (11.5) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
5.6 (42.1) |
11.1 (52.0) |
15.9 (60.6) |
18.7 (65.7) |
17.2 (63.0) |
11.7 (53.1) |
4.7 (40.5) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
−9.2 (15.4) |
4.5 (40.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −26.0 (−14.8) |
−23.9 (−11.0) |
−16.1 (3.0) |
−9.6 (14.7) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
4.2 (39.6) |
10.2 (50.4) |
6.6 (43.9) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
−8.7 (16.3) |
−20.0 (−4.0) |
−24.9 (−12.8) |
−26.0 (−14.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.8 (0.11) |
6.0 (0.24) |
11.9 (0.47) |
26.4 (1.04) |
35.7 (1.41) |
52.1 (2.05) |
110.6 (4.35) |
115.1 (4.53) |
72.7 (2.86) |
36.1 (1.42) |
16.7 (0.66) |
2.8 (0.11) |
488.9 (19.25) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.5 | 3.1 | 4.0 | 5.7 | 6.7 | 8.5 | 12 | 11.4 | 9.0 | 6.7 | 4.5 | 2.2 | 76.3 |
| Average snowy days | 3.2 | 3.5 | 2.1 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 2.0 | 3.3 | 14.7 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 55 | 51 | 45 | 42 | 44 | 52 | 65 | 70 | 70 | 66 | 61 | 56 | 56 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 168.3 | 162.8 | 202.7 | 228.7 | 249.9 | 230.0 | 214.1 | 205.1 | 190.7 | 189.9 | 174.9 | 168.2 | 2,385.3 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 55 | 53 | 54 | 58 | 57 | 52 | 48 | 49 | 52 | 55 | 58 | 57 | 54 |
| Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[8][9] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China[10] | |||||||||||||
Transportation
editReferences
edit- ^ "China: Shānxī (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map".
- ^
山西 省 统计局 、国家 统计局 山西 调查总队 (December 2021). 《山西 统计年 鉴－2021》.中国 统计出版 社 . ISBN 978-7-5037-7824-7. - ^ Because of the relative difficulty in inputting the umlauted ü, the name Lvliang is often used in government websites and road signages.
- ^ Lvliang City, "Overview of Luliang" Retrieved on August 13, 2023.
- ^ Langfitt, Frank. "A 'Sense Of Crisis' Now In A Chinese Boomtown Gone Bust" (Archive).National Public Radio. September 16, 2015. Retrieved on September 17, 2015.
- ^ "Death penalty for Chinese 'godfather' over US$160 million in bribes". South China Morning Post. 2018-03-28. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
- ^ "Lǚliáng Shì (Shānxī) (China): Cities, Districts and Counties & Townships - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2022-07-07.
- ^
中国 气象数 据 网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023. - ^
中国 气象数 据 网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023. - ^
吕梁 - 气象
数 据 -中国 天 气网 (in Chinese (China)). Weather China. Retrieved 2011-12-21.