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A league (Mongolian: ayima
či
League ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ or ayima | |
---|---|
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Category | Second level administrative division of a unitary state |
Location | China |
Number | 3 Leagues |
Leagues are the prefectures of Inner Mongolia. The name comes from a Mongolian administrative unit used during the Qing dynasty in Mongolia. Mongolian Banners (county level regions) were organized into conventional assemblies at the league level. During the ROC era, the leagues had a status equivalent to provinces. Leagues contain banners, equivalent to counties.
After the establishment of the provincial level Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 1947, leagues of Inner Mongolia became equal to prefectures in other provinces and autonomous regions. The administrative commission (Chinese:
Leagues have existed since the Qing dynasty as a level of government. The head of a league was chosen from jasagh or sula of the banners belonging to it. The original six leagues were Jirem, Ju Ud, Jost, Xilingol, Ulanqab, and Ih Ju. More were added in the subsequent centuries.
Today, leagues belong to the prefecture level of the Chinese administrative hierarchy. Of the 9 leagues that existed in the late 1970s, 6 have now been reorganized into prefecture-level cities. There are only 3 leagues remaining in Inner Mongolia: Xilingol, Alxa, and Hinggan.
Leagues (1949–present)
editCurrent
editName | Mongolian | Transcription and IPA (Chakhar Mongolian) |
Simplified Chinese |
Pinyin | Capital | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hinggan | ᠬᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ | Hinggan [xɪŋɡ̊ɑ̆n] | 兴安 | Xīng'ān | Ulanhot | Established: 26 July 1980 |
Xilingol | ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠣᠤᠯ | Xiliin Gôl | 锡林 |
Xīlínguōlè | Xilinhot | Present day: Xilingol and Hinggan (1954) |
Alxa | ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠᠨ | Alxaa | Ālāshàn | Bayanhot Town, Alxa Left Banner | Until 1954 it was known as Alxa Öölüd Banners and Ejin Torghuud Banner |
Defunct
editName | Mongolian | Transcription and IPA (Chakhar Mongolian) |
Simplified Chinese |
Pinyin | Capital | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bayannur | ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠠᠨᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ | Bayan Nûûr | Bāyànnào'ěr | Linhe (Linhe District) |
Dissolution: 1 December 2003 Present day: Bayannur (prefecture-level city) | |
Jirem | ᠵᠢᠷᠢᠮ | Jirem | Zhélǐmù | Bayisingtu (Horqin District) |
Dissolution: 13 January 1999 Present day: Tongliao (prefecture-level city) | |
Ju Ud | ᠵᠤᠤ ᠤᠳᠠ | Jûû Ûd | Zhāowūdá | Ulanhad (Hongshan District) |
Dissolution: 10 October 1983 Present day: Chifeng (prefecture-level city) | |
Jost | ᠵᠣᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | Jôstiin | Zhuósuǒtú | Chaoyang (Shuangta District) |
Dissolution: 10 October 1911 Present day: Fuxin, Chaoyang, and part of Chifeng (prefecture-level city) | |
Chahar | ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ | Qahar | 察哈尔 | Cháhā'ěr | Baochang | Dissolution: 1 October 1958 merged into Xilingol and Ulanqab |
Ulanqab | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠴᠠᠪ | Ulaanqab | 乌兰察布 | Wūlánchábù | Jining (Jining District) |
Dissolution: 1 December 2003 Present day: Ulanqab (prefecture-level city), Baotou (1954), & Bayannur (1954) |
Ih Ju | ᠶᠡᠺᠡ ᠵᠣᠤ | Ih Jûû | Yīkèzhāo | Dongsheng (Dongsheng District) |
Dissolution: 26 February 2001 Present day: Ordos (prefecture-level city) | |
Heilongjiang (present day northern part of Inner Mongolia) | ||||||
Hulunbuir–Nunmoron | ᠬᠥᠯᠦᠨᠪᠤᠶᠢᠷ ᠨᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ | Holon Bûir–Nûûn Moron | Hūlúnbèi'ěr–Nàwénmùrén / Hūnà |
Hailar (Hailar District) |
Dissolution: 1 April 1953 merge into Inner Mongolia Eastern Administrative Zone | |
Hulunbuir | ᠬᠥᠯᠦᠨᠪᠤᠶᠢᠷ | Holon Bûir | Hūlúnbèi'ěr | Hailar (Hailar District) |
Dissolution: 11 April 1949 Merged into Hulunbuir-Nunmoron Re-established: 21 May 1954 Dissolution: 10 October 2001 (present day greater Hulunbuir) | |
Nun Moron | ᠨᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ | Nûûn Moron | 纳文慕仁 | Nàwénmùrén | Zhalantun | Dissolution: 11 April 1949 merge into Hulunbuir–Nunmoron |
Original leagues of the Qing
editThe 6 leagues under Inner Mongolia
editName | Mongolian | Transcription and IPA (Chakhar Mongolian) |
Simplified Chinese |
Pinyin | Tribes & Banners | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jirem | ᠵᠢᠷᠢᠮ | Jirem | Zhélǐmù | 4 tribes 10 banners |
||
Jost | ᠵᠣᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | Jôstiin | Zhuósuǒtú | 2 tribes 5 banners |
||
Ju Ud Ju'ud |
ᠵᠤᠤ ᠤᠳᠠ | Jûû Ûd | Zhāowūdá | 8 tribes 11 banners |
||
Xilingol | ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠣᠤᠯ | Xiliin Gôl | 锡林 |
Xīlínguōlè | 5 tribes 10 banners |
|
Ulanqab | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠴᠠᠪ | Ulaanqab | 乌兰察布 | Wūlánchábù | 4 tribes 6 banners |
|
Ih Ju Ihju |
ᠶᠡᠺᠡ ᠵᠣᠤ | Ih Jûû | Yīkèzhāo | 1 tribe 7 banners |
Other league
editName | Mongolian | Transcription and IPA (Chakhar Mongolian) |
Simplified Chinese |
Pinyin | Tribes & Banners | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chahar | ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ | Qahar | 察哈尔 | Cháhā'ěr | 8 banners |
Changes
editYear(s) | Leagues |
---|---|
1636–1928 (Qûûlgan) | Jirem, Ju Ud, Jost, Xilingol, Ulanqab, and Ih Ju |
1928–1938 (Qûûlgan and Province) | Jirem, Ju Ud, Jost, Xilingol, Chahar Province (Qahar), Ulanqab, and Ih Ju |
1938–1945 (ROC) | Jirem, Ih Ju |
1938–1945 (Mengjiang) | Ju Ud, Xilingol, Chahar (Qahar), Ulanqab, Bayantala (Bayantal) |
1945–1948 (Aimag) | Nun Moron, Jirem, Ju Ud, Jost, Xilingol, Qahar, Ulanqab, and Ih Ju |
1948–1949 (Aimag) | Hulunbuir, Nun Moron, Jirem, Ju Ud, Jost, Xilingol, Qahar, Ulanqab, and Ih Ju |
1949 (Aimag) | Hulunbuir, Nun Moron, Jirem, Ju Ud, Jost, Xilingol, Qahar, Ulanqab, and Ih Ju |
1949–1953 (Aimag) | Hulunbuir–Nun Moron, Hinggan, Jirem, Ju Ud, Xilingol, Qahar |
1953 (Aimag) | Ju Ud, Xilingol, Qahar |
1953–1956 (Aimag) | Hulunbuir, Jirem, Ju Ud, Xilingol, Qahar, Ulanqab, Ih Ju |
1956–1958 (Aimag) | Hulunbuir, Jirem, Ju Ud, Xilingol, Qahar, Ulanqab, Ih Ju, Bayannur |
1958–1969 (Aimag) | Hulunbuir, Jirem, Ju Ud, Xilingol, Ulanqab, Ih Ju, Bayannur |
1969–1979 (Inner Mongolia) | Xilingol, Ulanqab, Ih Ju, Bayannur |
1969–1979 (Heilongjiang) | Hulunbuir |
1969–1979 (Jilin) | Jirem |
1979–1980 (Aimag) | Hulunbuir, Jirem, Ju Ud, Xilingol, Ulanqab, Ih Ju, Bayannur, Alxa |
1980–1983 (Aimag) | Hulunbuir, Hinggan, Jirem, Ju Ud, Xilingol, Ulanqab, Ih Ju, Bayannur, Alxa |
1983–1999 (Aimag) | Hulunbuir, Hinggan, Jirem, Xilingol, Ulanqab, Ih Ju, Bayannur, Alxa |
1999–2001 (Aimag) | Hulunbuir, Hinggan, Xilingol, Ulanqab, Ih Ju, Bayannur, Alxa |
2001–2003 (Aimag) | Hinggan, Xilingol, Ulanqab, Bayannur, Alxa |
2003–present (Aimag) | Hinggan, Xilingol, Alxa |
References
edit- ^ "The standing committee of the people’s congress of a province and autonomous region may set up administrative offices in the prefectures under its jurisdiction. " from Item 2, Article 53, Organic Law of the Local People’s Congresses and Local People’s Governments of the People’s Republic of China (2004 Revision)