The Emperor of Mexico (Spanish: Emperador de México) was the head of state and head of government of Mexico on two non-consecutive occasions during the 19th century.
| Emperor of Mexico | |
|---|---|
Imperial | |
 | |
 | |
| Details | |
| Style | His Imperial Majesty |
| First monarch | Agustín I |
| Last monarch | Maximilian I |
| Formation | 19 May 1822 (First Empire) 10 April 1864 (Second Empire) |
| Abolition | 19 March 1823 (First Empire) 15 May 1867 (Second Empire) |
| Residence | Palace of Moncada (1822–1823) Chapultepec Castle (1864–1867) |
| Pretender(s) | Maximilian von Götzen-Iturbide |
With the Mexican Declaration of Independence from Spain in 1821, Mexico briefly became an independent monarchy – the First Mexican Empire. For a few years in the mid 1860s, Mexico reverted to being a monarchy – the Second Mexican Empire. In both instances, the reigning emperor was forcibly deposed and then executed.
First Mexican Empire (1821–1823)
edit| Portrait | Coat of arms | Name | Emperor from | Emperor until | House |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
 |
Agustín I | 19 May 1822 | 19 March 1823 | Iturbide |
Decree
editThe Sovereign Mexican Constituent Congress decreed on June 22, 1822[1] the following:
- Art 1 °. The Mexican Monarchy, in addition to being moderate and Constitutional, is also hereditary.
- Art 2 °. Consequently, the Nation calls the succession of the Crown for the death of the current Emperor, his firstborn son Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide. The Constitution of the Empire will decide the order of succession of the throne.
- Art 3 °. The crown prince will be called "Prince Imperial" and will have the treatment of Imperial Highness.
- Art 4 °. The legitimate sons and daughters of H.I.M will be called "Mexican Princes", and will have the treatment of Highness.
- Art 5 °. Don José Joaquín de Iturbide y Arreguí, Father of H.I.M, is decorated with the title of "Prince of the Union" and the treatment of Highness, during his life.
- Art 6 °. It is also granted the title of "Princess of Iturbide" and the treatment of Highness, during his life, to Doña María Nicolasa de Iturbide y Arámburo, sister of the Emperor.
Second Mexican Empire (1863–1867)
edit| Portrait | Coat of arms | Name | Emperor from | Emperor until | House |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
.svg) |
Maximilian I | 10 April 1864 | 19 June 1867 | Habsburg-Lorraine |
Decree
editThe Superior Government Junta by the Conservative Party decreed on July 11, 1863[2] the following:
- Art 1 °. The Mexican nation adopts a moderated, hereditary monarchy by way of government, with a Catholic prince.
- Art 2 °. The sovereign will take the title of Emperor of Mexico.
- Art 3 °. The imperial crown of Mexico is offered to S. A. I. and R., Prince Maximilian, archduke of Austria, for himself and his descendants.
- Art 4 °. In the event that, due to circumstances impossible to foresee, Archduke Maximilian did not take possession of the throne that is offered, the Mexican nation refers to the benevolence of HM Napoleon III, emperor of the French, to be instructed by another Catholic prince.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Digital UANL Studies of the General History of Mexico. VOLUME V[permanent dead link]
- ^ "ITAM Library Studies" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-07-31. Retrieved 2019-01-25.