(Translated by https://www.hiragana.jp/)
Euston railway station - Wikipedia
Wikipedia

Euston railway station

(Redirected from London Euston)
"Euston station" redirects here. For the nearby London Underground stations, see Euston tube station and Euston Square tube station. For the station in Dublin, Ireland, see Heuston railway station.

Euston railway station (/ˈjuːstən/ YOO-stən; or London Euston) is a major central London railway terminus managed by Network Rail in the London Borough of Camden. It is the southern terminus of the West Coast Main Line, the UK's busiest inter-city railway. Euston is the tenth-busiest station in Britain and the country's busiest inter-city passenger terminal, being the gateway from London to the West Midlands, North West England, North Wales and Scotland.

Euston National Rail London Overground
London Euston
Side on view of a station entrance with a statue
Station entrance in 2017, with the statue of Robert Stephenson
Euston is located in Central London
Euston
Euston
Location of Euston in Central London
LocationEuston Road
Local authorityLondon Borough of Camden
Managed byNetwork Rail
Station code(s)EUS
DfT categoryA
Number of platforms16
AccessibleYes[1]
Fare zone1
OSIEuston London Underground
Euston Square London Underground
St Pancras National Rail
King's Cross National Rail[2]
Cycle parkingYes – platforms 17–18 and external
Toilet facilitiesYes
National Rail annual entry and exit
2018–19Increase 46.146 million[3]
– interchange Decrease 3.776 million[3]
2019–20Decrease 44.777 million[3]
– interchange Increase 4.357 million[3]
2020–21Decrease 6.607 million[3]
– interchange Decrease 0.843 million[3]
2021–22Increase 23.098 million[3]
– interchange Increase 3.121 million[3]
2022–23Increase 31.318 million[3]
– interchange Decrease 2.124 million[3]
Railway companies
Original companyLondon & Birmingham Railway
Pre-groupingLondon & North Western Railway
Post-groupingLondon Midland & Scottish Railway
Key dates
20 July 1837Opened
1849Expanded
1962–1968Rebuilt
Other information
External links
Coordinates51°31′42″N 0°07′59″W / 51.5284°N 0.1331°W / 51.5284; -0.1331
London transport portal

Intercity express passenger services to the major cities of Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool, Glasgow and Edinburgh, and through services to Holyhead for connecting ferries to Dublin are operated by Avanti West Coast. Overnight sleeper services to Scotland are provided by the Caledonian Sleeper. London Northwestern Railway provide commuter and regional services to the West Midlands, whilst London Overground provide local suburban services in the London area via the Watford DC Line which runs parallel to the West Coast Main Line as far as Watford Junction. Euston tube station is connected to the main concourse and Euston Square tube station is nearby. King's Cross and St Pancras railway stations are about 1⁄2 mile (800 metres) east along Euston Road.

Euston, the first inter-city railway terminal in London, was planned by George and Robert Stephenson. It was designed by Philip Hardwick and built by William Cubitt, with a distinctive arch over the station entrance. The station opened as the terminus of the London and Birmingham Railway (L&BR) on 20 July 1837. Euston was expanded after the L&BR was amalgamated with other companies to form the London and North Western Railway, and the original sheds were replaced by the Great Hall in 1849. Capacity was increased throughout the 19th century from two platforms to fifteen. The station was controversially rebuilt in the mid-1960s when the Arch and the Great Hall were demolished to accommodate the electrified West Coast Main Line, and the revamped station still attracts criticism over its architecture. Euston is to be the London terminus for the planned High Speed 2 railway and the station is being redeveloped to accommodate it.

Name and location

edit

The station is named after Euston Hall in Suffolk, the ancestral home of the Dukes of Grafton, the main landowners in the area during the mid-19th century.[4] It is set back from Euston Square and Euston Road on the London Inner Ring Road, between Cardington Street and Eversholt Street in the London Borough of Camden.[5] It is one of 20 stations managed by Network Rail.[6] As of the 2022-23 estimates of station usage, it is the tenth-busiest station in Britain[a][7] It is the eighth-busiest terminus in London by entries and exits.[8][9] Euston bus station is in front of the main entrance.[10]

History

edit

Euston was the first inter-city railway station in London. It opened on 20 July 1837 as the terminus of the London and Birmingham Railway (L&BR).[11] It was demolished in the 1960s and replaced with the present building in the international modern style.[12]

The site was chosen in 1831 by George and Robert Stephenson, engineers of the L&BR. The area was mostly farmland at the edge of the expanding city, and adjacent to the New Road (now Euston Road), which had caused urban development.[13][14] The name Euston came from Euston Hall, the seat of the duke of Grafton, who owned the locality.

The station and railway have been owned by the L&BR (1837–1846),[15] the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) (1846–1923), the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) (1923–1948),[16] British Railways (1948–1994), Railtrack (1994–2002)[17] and Network Rail (2002–present).[18]

Old station

edit
 
An early print of Euston showing the wrought iron roof of 1837

The plan was to construct a station near the Regent's Canal in Islington to provide a connection for London dock traffic. An alternative site at Marble Arch, proposed by Robert Stephenson, was rejected by a provisional committee, and a proposal to end the line at Maiden Lane was rejected by the House of Lords in 1832. A terminus at Camden Town, announced by Stephenson the following year, received royal assent on 6 May, before an extension was approved in 1834, allowing the line to reach Euston Grove where the original station was built by William Cubitt.[13][14]

Initial services were three trains to and from Boxmoor with journeys taking just over an hour. On 9 April 1838, they were extended to a temporary halt at Denbigh Hall near Bletchley where a coach service was provided to Rugby. The line to Curzon Street station in Birmingham opened on 17 September 1838, the journey of 112 miles (180 km) took around 5+1⁄4 hours.[19]

The incline from Camden Town to Euston involved crossing the Regent's Canal on a gradient of more than 1 in 68. Because steam trains at the time could not climb such an ascent, they were cable-hauled on the down line towards Camden until 1844, after which bank engines were used.[20] The L&BR's act of Parliament prohibited the use of locomotives in the Euston area, following concerns of residents about noise and smoke from locomotives toiling up the incline.[21]

 
"Euston Arch": the original entrance to Euston Station (photographed in 1896)

The station was built with space left vacant for extra platforms, as it was originally planned for the Great Western Railway (GWR) to use Euston, as the terminus of the Great Western Main Line. In the event, the GWR chose to build their own terminus at Paddington. The spare land was instead used for more platforms for ever expanding services as the railway network grew.[22]

The station building, designed by the classically trained architect Philip Hardwick,[23][24] had a 200-foot-long (61 m) trainshed by structural engineer Charles Fox. It had two 420-foot-long (130 m) platforms, one each for departures and arrival. The main entrance portico, the Euston Arch, also by Hardwick, symbolised the arrival of a major new transport system and was "the gateway to the north".[25] It was 72 feet (22 m) high, supported on four 44 ft 2 in (13.46 m) by 8 ft 6 in (2.59 m) hollow Doric propylaeum columns of Bramley Fall stone, the largest ever built.[26][27] It was completed in May 1838 and cost £35,000 (now £3,981,000).[25] The old station building was probably the first one in the world with all-wrought iron roof trusses.[28]

The first railway hotels in London were built at Euston. Two hotels designed by Hardwick opened in 1839 on either side of the Arch; the Victoria on the west had basic facilities while the Euston on the east was designed for first-class passengers.[29]

 
The Great Hall, Euston Station

Between 1838 and 1841, parcel handling grew from 2,700 parcels a month to 52,000.[15] By 1845, 140 staff were employed but trains began to run late because of a lack of capacity.[29] The following year, two platforms (later 9 and 10) were constructed on vacant land to the west of the station that had been reserved for Great Western Railway services.[30] The L&BR amalgamated with the Manchester & Birmingham Railway and the Grand Junction Railway in 1846 to form the LNWR. The company headquarters were established at Euston requiring a block of offices to be built between the Arch and the platforms.[15]

The station's facilities were expanded with the opening of the Great Hall on 27 May 1849 replacing the original sheds. The Great Hall was designed by Hardwick's son Philip Charles Hardwick in classical style. It was 125 ft (38 m) long, 61 ft (18.6 m) wide, and 62 ft (18.9 m) high with a coffered ceiling and a sweeping double flight of stairs leading to offices at its northern end.[30] Architectural sculptor John Thomas contributed eight allegorical statues representing the cities served by the line.[31] The station faced Drummond Street, further back from Euston Road than the front of the modern complex; Drummond Street now terminates at the side of the station but then ran across its front.[32] A short road, Euston Grove, ran from Euston Square towards the arch.[33]

A bay platform (later platform 7) for local services to Kensington (Addison Road) opened in 1863.[34] Two new platforms (1 and 2) were added in 1873 along with an entrance for cabs from Seymour Street. At the same time, the station roof was raised by 6 feet (1.8 m) to accommodate smoke from the engines.[35]

The continued growth of long-distance railway traffic led to major expansion along the station's west side starting in 1887. It involved rerouting Cardington Street over part of the burial ground (later St James's Gardens)[36] of St James's Church, Piccadilly,[37] which was located some way from the church.[38] To avoid public outcry, the remains were reinterred at St Pancras Cemetery.[35] Two more platforms (4 and 5) opened in 1891.[39] Four departure platforms (now platforms 12–15), bringing the total to 15, and a booking office on Drummond Street opened on 1 July 1892.[35][11]

 
Plan of Euston station from 1888

The line between Euston and Camden was doubled between 1901 and 1906.[40] A new booking hall opened in 1914 on part of the cab yard. The Great Hall was redecorated and refurbished between 1915 and 1916 and again in 1927.[41] The station's ownership was transferred to the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) in the 1923 grouping.[16]

Apart from the lodges on Euston Road and statues now on the forecourt, few relics of the old station survive.[42] The National Railway Museum's collection at York includes Edward Hodges Baily's statue of George Stephenson from the Great Hall;[43] the entrance gates;[44] and a turntable from 1846 discovered during demolition.[45]

London, Midland and Scottish Railway redevelopment

edit

By the 1930s Euston was again congested and the LMS considered rebuilding it. In 1931 it was reported that a site for a new station was being sought, the most likely option was behind the existing station in the direction of Camden Town.[46] The LMS announced in 1935 that the station (including the hotel and offices) would be rebuilt using a government loan guarantee.[47]

In 1937 it appointed the architect Percy Thomas to produce designs.[48] He proposed an American-inspired station that would involve removing or resiting the arch, and included office frontages along Euston Road and a helicopter pad on the roof.[47][49] Redevelopment began on 12 July 1938, when 100,000 long tons (101,605 tonnes) of limestone was extracted for the building and new flats were constructed to rehouse people displaced by the works. The project was shelved indefinitely because of World War II.[47]

The station was damaged several times during the Blitz in 1940. Part of the Great Hall's roof was destroyed, and a bomb landed between platforms 2 and 3, destroying offices and part of the hotel.[47]

New station

edit
 
The Euston Arch being demolished, February 1962

Passengers considered Euston to be squalid and covered in soot and it was restored and redecorated in 1953, when an enquiry kiosk in the middle of the Great Hall was removed.[50][51] Ticket machines were modernised. By this time the Arch was surrounded by property development and kiosks and in need of restoration.[50]

British Railways announced that Euston would be rebuilt to accommodate the electrification of the West Coast Main Line in 1959.[50] Because of the restricted layout of track and tunnels at the northern end, enlargement only could be accomplished by expanding southwards over the area occupied by the Great Hall and the Arch.[50][52] Permission to demolish the Arch and Great Hall was sought from London County Council and it was granted on condition that that the Arch would be restored and re-sited. BR estimated it would cost at least £190,000 (now £6,700,000) and was not viable.[50]

The Arch's demolition, announced by the Minister of Transport, Ernest Marples in July 1961, drew objections from the Earl of Euston, the Earl of Rosse and John Betjeman. Experts did not believe the work would cost £190,000 and speculated it could be done more cheaply by foreign labour. On 16 October 1961, 75 architects and students staged a demonstration against its demolition inside the Great Hall and a week later Sir Charles Wheeler led a deputation to speak with the Prime Minister Harold Macmillan. Macmillan replied that as well as the cost, there was nowhere large enough to relocate the Arch in keeping with its surroundings.[53]

Demolition began on 6 November and was completed within four months.[53] The station was rebuilt by Taylor Woodrow Construction to a design by London Midland Region architects of British Railways, William Robert Headley and Ray Moorcroft,[54][55] in consultation with Richard Seifert & Partners.[56] Redevelopment began in summer 1962 and progressed from east to west, the Great Hall was demolished and an 11,000-square-foot (1,000 m2) temporary building housed ticket offices and essential facilities.[53] Euston worked to 80% capacity during the works with at least 11 platforms in operation at any time.[57] Services were diverted elsewhere where practical and the station remained operational throughout the works.[53]

The first phase of construction involved building 18 platforms with two track bays to handle parcels above them, a signal and communications building and various staff offices. The parcel deck was reinforced using 5,500 tons of structural steelwork.[57] Signalling on the routes leading out of the station was reworked along with the electrification of the lines, including the British Rail Automatic Warning System.[58] Fifteen platforms had been completed by 1966, and the electric service began on 3 January. An automated parcel depot above platforms 3 to 18 opened on 7 August 1966.[12] The station was opened by Queen Elizabeth II on 14 October 1968.[59]

 
Platforms

The station is a long, low structure, 200 feet (61 m) wide and 150 feet (46 m) deep under a 36-foot (11 m) high roof. It opened with integrated automatic ticket facilities and a range of shops; the first of its kind for any British station.[59] The plan to construct offices above the station whose rents would help fund the cost of the rebuilding was scrapped after a government White Paper was released in 1963 that restricted the rate of commercial office development in London.[12]

In 1966, a "Whites only" recruitment policy for guards at the station was dropped after the case of Asquith Xavier, a migrant from Dominica, who had been refused promotion on those grounds, was raised in Parliament and taken up by the Secretary of State for Transport, Barbara Castle.[60]

A second development phase by Richard Seifert & Partners began in 1979, adding 405,000 square feet (37,600 m2) of office space along the station frontage in the form of three low-rise towers overlooking Melton Street and Eversholt Street.[61] The offices were occupied by British Rail,[62] then by Railtrack, and by Network Rail which has now vacated[b] all but a small portion of one of the towers. The offices are in a functional style; the main facing material is polished dark stone, complemented by white tiles, exposed concrete and plain glazing.[63]

The station has a large concourse separate from the train shed. Originally, no seats were installed there to deter vagrants and crime, but were added after complaints from passengers.[61] Few remnants of the older station remain: two Portland stone entrance lodges, the London and North Western Railway War Memorial and a statue of Robert Stephenson by Carlo Marochetti, from the old ticket hall, stands in the forecourt.[42]

A large statue by Eduardo Paolozzi named Piscator dedicated to German theatre director Erwin Piscator is sited at the front of the courtyard, which as of 2016 was reported to be deteriorating.[64] Other pieces of public art, including low stone benches by Paul de Monchaux around the courtyard, were commissioned by Network Rail in 1990.[65] The station has catering units and shops, a large ticket hall and an enclosed car park with over 200 spaces.[66] The lack of daylight on the platforms compares unfavourably with the glazed trainshed roofs of traditional Victorian railway stations, but the use of the space above as a parcels depot released the maximum space at ground level for platforms and passenger facilities.[67]

Since 1996, proposals have been formulated to reconstruct the Arch as part of the redevelopment of the station,[68] and its use as the terminus of the High Speed 2 line.[69]

Privatisation

edit

Ownership of the station transferred from British Rail to Railtrack in 1994, passing to Network Rail in 2002 following the collapse of Railtrack.[18] In 2005 Network Rail was reported to have long-term aspirations to redevelop the station, removing the 1960s buildings and providing more commercial space by using the "air rights" above the platforms.[70]

In 2007, British Land announced that it had won the tender to demolish and rebuild the station, spending some £250 million of its overall redevelopment budget of £1 billion for the area. The number of platforms would increase from 18 to 21.[71] In 2008, it was reported that the Arch could be rebuilt.[72] In September 2011, the demolition plans were cancelled, and Aedas was appointed to give the station a makeover.[73]

In July 2014 a statue of navigator and cartographer Matthew Flinders, who circumnavigated the globe and charted Australia, was unveiled at Euston; his grave was rumoured to lie under platform 15 at the station,[74] but had been relocated during the original station construction and in 2019 was found behind the station during excavation work for the HS2 line.[37][75]

High Speed 2

edit
 
Map of the area around Euston, with planned High Speed 2 redevelopment. The new line is drawn in orange (left). (The line to the right is High Speed 1 entering St Pancras International).

In March 2010 the Secretary of State for Transport, Andrew Adonis announced that Euston was the preferred southern terminus of the planned High Speed 2 line, which would connect to a newly built station near Curzon Street and Fazeley Street in Birmingham.[76] This would require expansion to the south and west to create new sufficiently long platforms. These plans involved a complete reconstruction, involving the demolition of 220 Camden Council flats, with half the station providing conventional train services and the new half high-speed trains. The Command Paper suggested rebuilding the Arch, and included an artist's impression.[77]

The station is to have seven new platforms dropped from an original planned eight, taking the total to 23, with 10 dedicated to HS2 services and 13 to conventional lines at a low level.[78] The flats demolished for the extension would be replaced by significant building work above. The Underground station would be rebuilt and connected to adjacent Euston Square station. As part of the extension beyond Birmingham, the Mayor of London's office believed it will be necessary to build the proposed Crossrail 2 line via Euston to relieve 10,000 extra passengers forecast to arrive during an average day.[79][80][81][82]

To relieve pressure on Euston during and after rebuilding for High Speed 2, HS2 Ltd has proposed the diversion of some services to Old Oak Common (for Crossrail). This would include eight commuter trains per hour originating/terminating between Tring and Milton Keynes Central inclusive.[83] In 2016, the Mayor Sadiq Khan endorsed the plans and suggested that all services should terminate at Old Oak Common while a more appropriate solution is found for Euston.[84]

The current scheme does not provide any direct access between High Speed 2 at Euston and the existing High Speed 1 at St Pancras. In 2015, plans were announced to link the two stations via a travelator service.[85] Platforms 17 and 18 closed in May and June 2019 for High Speed 2 preparation work.[86][87]

The Euston Downside Carriage Maintenance Depot was demolished in 2018 in preparation for the start of tunnelling.[88] The two office towers in front of the station were demolished between January 2019 and December 2020.[89][90] The third tower at 1 Eversholt Street is not part of these plans. Two hotels on Cardington Street adjacent to the west of the station were also demolished.[91]

In August 2019, the Department for Transport (DfT) ordered an independent review of the project, chaired by the British civil engineer Douglas Oakervee.[92] The Oakervee Review was published by the Department for Transport the following February, alongside a statement from the Prime Minister Boris Johnson confirming that HS2 would go ahead in full, with reservations.[93] The review said the rebuild was "not satisfactory" and called the management "muddled" and recommended a change of governance.[94] In Summer 2020, the government asked Network Rail's chairman, Sir Peter Hendy, to lead an oversight board; in October 2020, the Architects' Journal reported that more than £100m had already been spent on engineering and architectural design fees.[94]

In October 2023, the Prime Minister Rishi Sunak announced that construction of the Euston terminus and approach tunnel would not be government funded and that it could only go ahead with private sector investment.[95] Transport for London commissioner Andy Lord was sceptical that the private sector would pay for the link to Old Oak Common.[96]

Criticism

edit

Demolition of original station

edit

The demolition of the original buildings in 1962 was described by the Royal Institute of British Architects as "one of the greatest acts of Post-War architectural vandalism in Britain"[97][98] and was approved directly by Harold Macmillan.[99] The attempts made to preserve the earlier building, championed by Sir John Betjeman, led to the formation of the Victorian Society and heralded the modern conservation movement.[100] This movement saved the nearby high Gothic St Pancras station when threatened with demolition in 1966,[101] ultimately leading to its renovation in 2007 as the terminus of HS1 to the Continent.[102]

Architecture

edit
 
Euston station seen from above, in 2013

Euston's 1960s style of architecture has been described as "a dingy, grey, horizontal nothingness"[103] and a reflection of "the tawdry glamour of its time", entirely lacking in "the sense of occasion, of adventure, that the great Victorian termini gave to the traveller".[104] Writing in The Times, Richard Morrison stated that "even by the bleak standards of Sixties architecture, Euston is one of the nastiest concrete boxes in London: devoid of any decorative merit; seemingly concocted to induce maximum angst among passengers; and a blight on surrounding streets. The design should never have left the drawing-board – if, indeed, it was ever on a drawing-board. It gives the impression of having been scribbled on the back of a soiled paper bag by a thuggish android with a grudge against humanity and a vampiric loathing of sunlight".[105]

Passenger experience

edit

Michael Palin, explorer and travel writer, in his contribution to Great Railway Journeys titled "Confessions of a Trainspotter" in 1980, likened it to "a great bath, full of smooth, slippery surfaces where people can be sloshed about efficiently".[106] Journalist Barney Ronay described the station as "easily, easily the worst main station in Western Europe" and that using it is "like being taken away to be machine gunned in the woods by various mobile phone and soft drinks companies".[107]

Access to parts of the station is difficult for people with physical disability. The introduction of lifts in 2010 made the taxi rank and underground station accessible from the concourse, though some customers found them unreliable and frequently broken down.[108] Wayfindr technology was introduced to the station in 2015 to help people with visual impairment to navigate the station.[109]

In September 2023, the Office of Rail and Road issued Network Rail with an improvement notice in relation to its failure to put in place effective measures to tackle overcrowding.[110] Network Rail admitted that the station was designed for a different era and that "the passenger experience at Euston remains uncomfortable at times".[111] The Office of Rail and Road declared in December 2023 that Network Rail had complied with the notice and implemented measures to better manage passenger traffic flows and overcrowding.[112] In October 2024, London TravelWatch warned that passengers at Euston are being put in danger when the station becomes severely overcrowded during periods of disruption to services.[113] Transport Secretary Louise Haigh subsequently asked Network Rail to declutter the station concourse and improve how it handles train announcements.[114] Network Rail reacted by switching off the advertising board installed in January 2024 after removal of the main departure boards, and issued a five point improvement plan.[115]

Incidents

edit

On 26 April 1924, an electric multiple unit collided with the rear of an excursion train carrying passengers from the FA Cup Final in Coventry.[116] Five passengers were killed. The crash was blamed on poor visibility owing to smoke and steam under the Park Street Bridge.[117]

On 27 August 1928, a passenger train collided with the buffer stops. Thirty people were injured.[118]

On 10 November 1938, a suburban service collided with empty coaches after a signal was misinterpreted. 23 people were injured.[117]

On 6 August 1949, an empty train was accidentally routed towards a service for Manchester, colliding with it at about 5 mph (8 km/h). The crash was blamed on a lack of track circuiting and no proper indication of when platforms were occupied.[117]

1973 IRA attack

edit

Extensive but superficial damage was caused by an IRA bomb that exploded close to a snack bar at approximately 1:10 pm on 10 September 1973, injuring eight people.[119] A similar explosive had detonated 50 minutes earlier at King's Cross.[120] The Metropolitan Police had received a three-minute warning,[119] and were unable to evacuate the station completely, but British Transport Police managed to clear much of the area just before the explosion.[121] In 1974, the mentally ill Judith Ward confessed to the bombing and was convicted of this and other crimes, despite the evidence against her being highly suspect and Ward retracting her confessions. She was acquitted in 1992; the true culprit has yet to be identified.[122]

Cultural references

edit

The station has been the backdrop for a musical film clip as well as the subject in songs since the 1960s. Barbara Ruskin both wrote and recorded the song "Euston Station" which was released in 1967.[123][124] In 1969, rock group Ambrose Slade shot a promo film at the station for their Beginnings album. Craig Davies recorded the song "Euston Railway Station Blues" which was released in the late 1980s. Jane Kitto's 2002 song "Busdriver" is about getting on the no. 73 bus from Euston station to Stoke Newington. In another travel theme it was referenced by The Smiths in their song "London" as a way to get to the city from Manchester.[125]

National Rail services

edit

Euston has services from four different train operators:

 
Virgin Trains Class 390 (left) and Caledonian Sleeper Class 92 (right)
 
London Overground Class 378 entering Euston from Watford Junction via the Watford DC Line
 
London Midland Class 350 entering Euston from the West Coast Main Line

Avanti West Coast operates InterCity West Coast services:[126]

London Northwestern Railway operates regional and commuter services.[128]

London Overground operates local commuter services.

Caledonian Sleeper operates two nightly services to Scotland from Sunday to Friday inclusive.[130]

Great Western Railway will operate InterCity Greater Western services on occasional days from 2024–2030.[131]

Night Riviera will operate a nightly service to Cornwall from Sunday to Friday inclusive, on occasional days from 2024-2030.[131]

  • sleeper to Penzance via Taunton, Plymouth and St Austell .
Preceding station     London Overground Following station
South Hampstead
towards Watford Junction
 Watford DC line Terminus
Preceding station   National Rail Following station
Watford Junction   Caledonian Sleeper
Lowland Caledonian Sleeper 		  Terminus
Crewe   Caledonian Sleeper
Highland Caledonian Sleeper
(southbound) 		  Terminus
Watford Junction   Caledonian Sleeper
Highland Caledonian Sleeper
(northbound) 		  Terminus
Watford Junction or Milton Keynes Central   London Northwestern Railway
London – Crewe via the Trent Valley line 		  Terminus
Harrow & Wealdstone or Watford Junction or Leighton Buzzard   London Northwestern Railway
London – Milton Keynes Central/Northampton/Birmingham 		  Terminus
Harrow & Wealdstone or Wembley Central or Watford Junction   London Northwestern Railway
London Euston – Tring 		  Terminus
Watford Junction or Milton Keynes Central or Coventry or Rugby   Avanti West Coast
WCML London – West Midlands – North West & Scotland 		  Terminus
Milton Keynes Central or Nuneaton   Avanti West Coast
WCML London – Chester & North Wales 		  Terminus
Watford Junction or Milton Keynes Central or Stafford or Crewe or Runcorn   Avanti West Coast
WCML London – Crewe – Liverpool 		  Terminus
Watford Junction or Milton Keynes Central or Stafford or Stoke-on-Trent or Crewe   Avanti West Coast
WCML London – Manchester via Stoke-on-Trent or Crewe 		  Terminus
Watford Junction or Milton Keynes Central or Tamworth or Warrington Bank Quay or Preston   Avanti West Coast
WCML London – North West & Scotland 		  Terminus
Future services
Preceding station   National Rail Following station
Old Oak Common   Avanti West Coast
High Speed 2 		  Terminus

London Underground

edit
Main articles: Euston tube station and Euston Square tube station

Euston was poorly served by the early London Underground network. The nearest station on the Metropolitan line was Gower Street, around five minutes' walk away. A permanent connection did not appear until 12 May 1907, when the City & South London Railway opened an extension west from Angel. The Charing Cross, Euston & Hampstead Railway opened an adjacent station on 22 June in the same year; these two stations are now part of the Northern line. Gower Street station was quickly renamed Euston Square in response.[41] A connection to the Victoria line opened on 1 December 1968.[59]

The underground network around Euston is planned to change depending on the construction of High Speed 2. Transport for London (TfL) plans to change the safeguarded route for the proposed Chelsea–Hackney line to include Euston between Tottenham Court Road and King's Cross St Pancras.[132] As part of the rebuilding work for High Speed 2, it is proposed to integrate Euston and Euston Square into a single tube station.[80]

Preceding station   London Underground Following station
Euston
Mornington Crescent
towards Edgware, Mill Hill East or High Barnet
 Northern line
Charing Cross Branch
transfer at Euston
 Warren Street
towards Battersea Power Station or Morden
Camden Town
towards Edgware, Mill Hill East or High Barnet
 Northern line
Bank Branch
transfer at Euston
 King's Cross St Pancras
towards Morden
Warren Street
towards Brixton
 Victoria line
transfer at Euston
 King's Cross St Pancras
towards Walthamstow Central
Euston Square
Great Portland Street
towards Hammersmith
 Circle line
transfer at Euston Square
 King's Cross St Pancras
towards Edgware Road via Aldgate
Hammersmith & City line
transfer at Euston Square
 King's Cross St Pancras
towards Barking
Great Portland Street
towards Uxbridge, Amersham, Chesham or Watford
 Metropolitan line
transfer at Euston Square
 King's Cross St Pancras
towards Aldgate

See also

edit

References

edit

Notes

edit
  1. ^ The busier stations were Liverpool Street, Paddington, Waterloo, London Bridge, Victoria, Stratford, Tottenham Court Road, St Pancras and Farringdon.
  2. ^ Many staff transferred to a new complex in Milton Keynes, see Quadrant:mk

Citations

edit
  1. ^ "London and South East" (PDF). National Rail. September 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 March 2009.
  2. ^ "Out of Station Interchanges" (XLSX). Transport for London. 16 June 2020. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Estimates of station usage". Rail statistics. Office of Rail Regulation. Please note: Some methodology may vary year on year.
  4. ^ "The Family". Euston Hall, Suffolk. Archived from the original on 4 June 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  5. ^ "Euston Station". Google Maps. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
  6. ^ "Commercial information". Our Stations. London: Network Rail. April 2014. Archived from the original on 10 April 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
  7. ^ "Liverpool Street becomes Britain's busiest station". BBC News. 14 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  8. ^ "Stations Run by Network Rail". Network Rail. Archived from the original on 10 April 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2009.
  9. ^ "Station facilities for London Euston". National Rail Enquiries. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  10. ^ "Euston Bus Station". Transport for London.
  11. ^ a b "Euston Station, London". Network Rail. Archived from the original on 18 February 2013. Retrieved 22 February 2013.
  12. ^ a b c Jackson 1984, p. 54.
  13. ^ a b Jackson 1984, p. 31.
  14. ^ a b British Rail 1968, p. 5.
  15. ^ a b c British Rail 1968, p. 8.
  16. ^ a b Jackson 1984, p. 46.
  17. ^ "Brexit to bring back BR? What could the vote mean for our railways". rail.co.uk. 24 June 2016. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  18. ^ a b "Interview: Network Rail CFO Patrick Butcher". Financial Director. 26 March 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  19. ^ Jackson 1984, p. 38.
  20. ^ Jackson 1984, p. 32.
  21. ^ "London and Birmingham Railway". Camden Railway Heritage Trust. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 22 February 2013.
  22. ^ Jenkinson, David (1988). The London & Birmingham Railway - A Railway of Consequence. Capital Transport Publishing. pp. 21–38. ISBN 185414-102-3.
  23. ^ Jackson 1984, p. 35.
  24. ^ Cole 2011, p. 107.
  25. ^ a b Jackson 1984, p. 37.
  26. ^ Jackson 1984, pp. 35–37.
  27. ^ Pile 2005, p. 232.
  28. ^ Bussell 2008, p. 179.
  29. ^ a b Jackson 1984, p. 39.
  30. ^ a b Jackson 1984, p. 40.
  31. ^ Biddle & Nock 1983, p. 214.
  32. ^ www.motco.com Archived 18 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine – 1862 map, showing position of 1849 station.
  33. ^ Cain, Joe. "Euston Grove, History of a Street". University College London. Archived from the original on 15 September 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
  34. ^ Jackson 1984, p. 42.
  35. ^ a b c Jackson 1984, p. 43.
  36. ^ Location of St James's burial ground 51°31′43″N 0°08′13″W / 51.52849°N 0.13702°W / 51.52849; -0.13702 (St James's Park)
  37. ^ a b "Remains of Captain Matthew Flinders discovered at HS2 site in Euston". UK Government. 25 January 2019. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
  38. ^ "St. James Church, Hampstead Road". Survey of London: volume 21: The parish of St Pancras part 3: Tottenham Court Road & Neighbourhood. 1949. pp. 123–136. Retrieved 15 December 2012.
  39. ^ McCarthy & McCarthy 2009, p. 71.
  40. ^ Jackson 1984, p. 44.
  41. ^ a b Jackson 1984, pp. 45–46.
  42. ^ a b Jackson 1984, p. 56.
  43. ^ "State of George Stephenson". National Railway Museum. Archived from the original on 2 April 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
  44. ^ "Euston Station gates". National Railway Museum. Retrieved 10 July 2017.[permanent dead link]
  45. ^ "Turntable, Cast Iron, London and Birmingham Railway". National Railway Museum. Retrieved 10 July 2017.[permanent dead link]
  46. ^ "New Euston Station". Western Gazette. British Newspaper Archive. 30 January 1931. Retrieved 27 August 2016 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  47. ^ a b c d Jackson 1984, p. 48.
  48. ^ "Reconstruction of Euston Station". Sheffield Independent. British Newspaper Archive. 27 February 1937. Retrieved 27 August 2016 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  49. ^ Bull, John. "The Euston Arch Part 2: Death". London Reconnections. Archived from the original on 27 May 2013. Retrieved 22 February 2013.
  50. ^ a b c d e Jackson 1984, p. 50.
  51. ^ Minnis 2011, p. 43.
  52. ^ The New Euston Station 1968. British Rail information booklet.
  53. ^ a b c d Jackson 1984, p. 53.
  54. ^ "C20 Society fails in bid to list Euston station". The Architects' Journal. The Twentieth Century Society. 13 May 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  55. ^ "The history of London Euston station". Network Rail. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
  56. ^ "Building of the Month. November 2011". The Twentieth Century Society. 1 November 2011. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  57. ^ a b British Rail 1968, p. 12.
  58. ^ British Rail 1968, p. 15.
  59. ^ a b c Jackson 1984, p. 55.
  60. ^ "Asquith Xavier: Plaque honours train guard who fought Whites-only policy". BBC News. 24 September 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
  61. ^ a b Jackson 1984, p. 345.
  62. ^ Gourvish & Anson 2004, p. 37.
  63. ^ "The notorious work of Richard Seifert". Building Magazine. 25 November 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2017.
  64. ^ Alberge, Dalya (28 November 2016). "Major Paolozzi sculpture facing decay 'because no one wants to own it'". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  65. ^ De Monchaux, Paul. "Portland Bench 1990". Paul de Monchaux Sculpture. Paul de Monchaux. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  66. ^ "Station Facilities for London Euston". ATOC. n.d. Retrieved 26 March 2013.
  67. ^ British Rail 1968, p. 13.
  68. ^ Keilthy, Paul (7 May 2009). "Arrival of Euston station arch delayed..._until 2012". Camden New Journal. London. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
  69. ^ "Crewe and Camden could benefit from HS2 rethink". Construction Manager. 18 March 2014. Archived from the original on 18 March 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  70. ^ Carmona & Wunderlich 2013, p. 146.
  71. ^ Stewart, Dan (5 April 2007). "British Land wins £1bn Euston contract". Building.
  72. ^ Binney, Marcus (18 February 2008). "Landmark of the railway age may be resurrected". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 7 October 2008.(subscription required)
  73. ^ "Euston Station". Aedas. Archived from the original on 18 February 2012. Retrieved 26 March 2013.
  74. ^ Higgitt, Rebekah (18 July 2014). "Matthew Flinders bicentenary: statue unveiled to the most famous navigator you've probably never heard of". The Guardian Science blog. London. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  75. ^ Flynn, Meagan (25 January 2019). "The explorer who literally put Australia on the map is found buried beneath a London train station". The Washington Post – via San Francisco Chronicle.
  76. ^ Department for Transport (2010a). High Speed Rail – Command Paper (PDF). The Stationery Office. ISBN 978-0-10-178272-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 May 2010. Retrieved 13 March 2010.
  77. ^ "High Speed Rail (Command Paper)" (PDF). Department for Transport. March 2010. p. 104. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 May 2010.
  78. ^ Hopkirk, Elizabeth (29 April 2021). "Next phase of HS2 will create 'considerable opportunities' for small practices, says design director". Building Design. London. Retrieved 3 May 2021.
  79. ^ Cecil, Nicholas (28 February 2011). "High-speed trains 'will increase passenger numbers by 10,000' at Euston station". London Evening Standard.
  80. ^ a b "Transport Select Committee". HM Government. 28 June 2011.
  81. ^ "Subject: Proposal for Examining the Potential Effect of High Speed 2 on London's Transport Network". Greater London Authority. 17 May 2011.
  82. ^ "High Speed Rail: Investing in Britain's Future Consultation" (PDF). Department for Transport. February 2011.
  83. ^ "High Speed Rail London to the West Midlands and Beyond: A Report to Government by High Speed Two Limited: part 3 of 11" (PDF). High Speed Two Limited. 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 April 2010. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  84. ^ Crerar, Pippa (5 October 2016). "Mayor Sadiq Khan: HS2 'must find solution' to Euston station plans". London Evening Standard. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  85. ^ Lefty, Mark (11 July 2015). "HS2: Plans revived to connect London terminus of High Speed Two with Channel Tunnel Rail Link". The Independent. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  86. ^ "Euston Platforms 17 and 18 to be decommissioned". Today's Railways UK. No. 262. October 2018. p. 9.
  87. ^ "Euston Platform 17b to close on 19 May". Today's Railways UK. No. 209. May 2019. p. 20.
  88. ^ "First look at HS2's Euston tunnel portal site". GOV.UK. High Speed Two (HS2) Limited. 4 October 2018. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  89. ^ Dunton, Jim. "NEWS Demolition set to start on Seifert's Euston towers". Building Design. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
  90. ^ Marshall, Jordan (4 December 2020). "Watch: HS2's demolition of Seifert's Euston towers". Building Design. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
  91. ^ "Two major demolition projects at Euston pave way for HS2 platforms". Infrastructure Intelligence. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
  92. ^ "Government announces independent review into HS2 programme". GOV.UK. Department for Transport. 21 August 2019. Archived from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
  93. ^ "Oakervee Review". Department for Transport. Archived from the original on 19 February 2020. Retrieved 12 February 2020. original rationale for HS2 – still holds: there is a need for greater capacity (both more trains on tracks and more seats on trains and reliability on the GB rail network)
  94. ^ a b Pitcher, Greg (9 October 2020). "More than £100m spent on Euston HS2 design fees and counting…". Architects' Journal.
  95. ^ Race, Michael; Austin, Katy (5 October 2023). "HS2 will not go to Euston without private funds". BBC News.
  96. ^ Topham, Gwyn (22 October 2023). "'We are vital to London and the country': TfL boss Andy Lord on Ulez, rail funding and HS2". The Guardian.
  97. ^ "Great Hall, Euston Station". Royal Institute of British Architects. Archived from the original on 19 December 2013. Retrieved 22 May 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  98. ^ "Euston's pioneering inter-city history". Past in the Present. 2 March 2014.
  99. ^ Glancey, Jonathan (15 March 2010). "Raise the Euston Arch – and get railway architecture back on track". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
  100. ^ ""How We Built Britain" exhibition". Royal Institution of British Architects. Archived from the original on 19 December 2013. Retrieved 9 September 2007.
  101. ^ Jackson 1984, p. 73.
  102. ^ "Eurostar opens for business at St Pancras International station" (Press release). Eurostar. 14 November 2007. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  103. ^ Martin, Andrew (13 December 2004). "So, what would you burn?". New Statesman. London. Retrieved 22 September 2007.
  104. ^ Stamp, Gavin (October 2007). "Steam ahead: the proposed rebuilding of London's Euston station is an opportunity to atone for a great architectural crime". Apollo: the international magazine of art and antiques. Retrieved 9 November 2007.
  105. ^ Morrison, Richard (10 April 2007). "Euston: we have an architectural problem". The Times. London. Retrieved 22 September 2007. (subscription required)
  106. ^ "An Ode To Euston Station". Londonist. 12 April 2016.
  107. ^ "ORR's Euston decision 'incredible', says watchdog". Railnews. 3 October 2024.
  108. ^ Accessibility on the Transport Network (PDF) (Report). Greater London Authority. p. 13. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
  109. ^ Holloway, Cathy (6 June 2017). "Existing transport is failing disabled people, but new tech may help". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
  110. ^ "Rail regulator requires crowd management improvements at Euston Station". Office of Rail and Road. 18 October 2023.
  111. ^ Simpson, Jack (4 October 2024). "Euston still has a problem". Railway Gazette International.
  112. ^ "Euston station improvement notice". Transport Select Committee. 8 May 2024.
  113. ^ Simpson, Jack (2 October 2024). "Overcrowding at London's Euston station 'puts passengers in danger'". The Guardian.
  114. ^ Lydall, Ross (4 October 2024). "Euston station's giant advertising board switched off in five-point plan to tackle overcrowding". Evening Standard.
  115. ^ Topham, Gwyn (4 October 2024). "Euston station's big advertising screens turned off after overcrowding fears". The Guardian.
  116. ^ Hall 1990, p. 93.
  117. ^ a b c Jackson 1984, p. 57.
  118. ^ Trevena 1980, p. 35.
  119. ^ a b "On This Day 1973: "Bomb blasts rock Central London"". BBC News. Retrieved 27 February 2007.
  120. ^ Jones 2016, p. 411.
  121. ^ Jones 2016, p. 348.
  122. ^ "On this Day 1974: M62 bomber jailed for life". BBC News. 4 November 1974. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
  123. ^ Rail, April 7 - April 20, 2021 - Page 64 Euston station: a muse for musicians, JONATHAN KEEN explores Euston’s connection with music from its past, to the present and the future, THE PAST
  124. ^ Catalog of Copyright Entries: Third Series Volume 21, Part 5, Number 1, Section I
    Music Current and Renewal Registrations January-June 1967 - Page 167 EUSTON STATION: w & m Barbara Ruskin
  125. ^ Rail, April 7 - April 20, 2021 - Page 64 Euston station: a muse for musicians, JONATHAN KEEN explores Euston’s connection with music from its past, to the present and the future, THE PAST
  126. ^ "Scheduled timetable book for 10 December 2023 to 1 June 2024" (PDF). London: Avanti West Coast.
  127. ^ "London and the West Midlands – North Wales". Virgin Trains. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  128. ^ "Train timetables and schedules". London: London Northwestern Railway. Select an individual timetable to verify the services. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
  129. ^ "Watford Junction to Euston" (PDF). Transport for London. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  130. ^ "Caledonian Sleeper". ScotRail. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  131. ^ a b "New HS2 station: Paddington trains diverted to Euston at Christmas until 2030 and Elizabeth line services disrupted". London: Evening Standard.
  132. ^ "HS2 fuels Crossrail 2 business case". TransportXtra. 21 December 2010.

Sources

edit
edit
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Euston station.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Euston_railway_station&oldid=1253764166"