Matthew 25, the twenty-fifth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew, continues the Olivet Discourse or "Little Apocalypse" spoken by Jesus Christ, also described as the Eschatological Discourse,[1] which had started in chapter 24.[2]
| Matthew 25 | |
|---|---|
 Gospel of Matthew 25:41–46 on Papyrus 45, from c. AD 250 | |
| Book | Gospel of Matthew |
| Category | Gospel |
| Christian Bible part | New Testament |
| Order in the Christian part | 1 |
American theologian Jason Hood, writing in the Journal of Biblical Literature, argues that chapter 23, chapter 24, and chapter 25 of the Gospel of Matthew form the fifth and final discourse in the gospel. In his reading, these three chapters together "uniquely infuse Jesus' distinctive teaching on discipleship, Christology, and judgment with the dramatic tension running throughout Matthew's plot".[3]
Text
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The original text was written in Koine Greek. Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:
- Papyrus 45 (~AD 250; extant verses 41–46)
- Papyrus 35 (3rd/4th century; extant verses 12–15, 20–23)
- Codex Vaticanus (325–350)
- Codex Sinaiticus (330–360)
- Codex Bezae (~400)
- Codex Washingtonianus (~400)
- Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (~450)
- Codex Purpureus Rossanensis (6th century)
- Codex Petropolitanus Purpureus (6th century; extant verses 7–34)
- Codex Sinopensis (6th century; extant verses 1–18)
- Papyrus 44 (6th/7th century; extant verses 8–10)
It is also found in quotations from Irenaeus (AD 180) in Adversus Haereses.[4]
Content
editThis chapter is divided into 46 verses. Pope Francis treats this chapter as "the 'protocol' by which we will be judged at the end of the world":
What is the protocol by which the judge will evaluate us? We find it in Chapter 25 of the Gospel of Matthew.[5]
The chapter continues a discourse commenced at Matthew 24:3 where the disciples come to Jesus to speak "privately".[6] The Parable of the Ten Virgins (verses 1-13) and the Parable of the Talents (verses 14-30) are both unique to Matthew,[7] but the Parable of the Talents has a corollary in Luke 19:11-27.
Verse 14
edit- Again, it will be like a man going on a journey, who called his servants and entrusted his wealth to them.[8]
This verse begins a new parable, that of the talents or minas. There is no reference to the "kingdom of heaven" in this verse or in the parable, but the words, which mirror verse 1, are added in the King James Version and some other English translations "for the sake of grammatical completeness".[9]
Verses 31-46
editThe final section (verses 31-46) is sometimes referred to as The Sheep and the Goats[10] but other times referred to as "The Judgment of the Nations".[11] Although often called a "parable", it is not a story as such, but the portrayal of the Son of Man as a shepherd and the people under judgment as sheep or goats can be treated as "parabolic elements".[11]
The narrative quotes Jesus teaching that all of the people will be assembled before him and "he will separate them one from another", with some who will "inherit the kingdom" while others who will go to "the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels". Jesus is said to have said that the basis of this separation is whether or not someone:[11]
- Gave food to the hungry
- Gave drink to the thirsty
- Welcomed the stranger
- Clothed the naked
- Took care of the sick
- Took care of those in prison.
Uses
editMusic
edit"Matthew 25:21" is a song title inspired by this verse on the album The Life of the World to Come that was released by the American band The Mountain Goats in 2009.[12]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Jerusalem Bible (1966), sub-title for Matthew 24-25
- ^ Carr, A., Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges: Matthew 24, accessed 10 October 2019
- ^ Hood, Jason (2009). "Matthew 23-25: The Extent of Jesus' Fifth Discourse". Journal of Biblical Literature. 128 (3): 527–543. doi:10.2307/25610201. JSTOR 25610201.
- ^ Dwight Jeffrey Bingham. "Irenaeus' Use of Matthew's Gospel in Adversus Haereses". Volume 7 of Traditio exegetica Graeca. Peeters Publishers, 1998 ISBN 9789068319644
- ^ Pope Francis, General Audience, Wednesday 6 August 2014, accessed 12 November 2023
- ^ Matthew 24:3
- ^ Alford, H. (1841-61), Greek Testament Critical Exegetical Commentary - Alford: Matthew 25, accessed 21 March 2021
- ^ Matthew 25:14: New International Version
- ^ Plumptre, E. H. (1905), Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers on Matthew 25, accessed 20 December 2022
- ^ BBC Bitesize, Death and the afterlife: The Parable of the Sheep and Goats, accessed 21 March 2021
- ^ a b c "Matthew Chapter 25". United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. 2023. Retrieved October 17, 2023.
- ^ Strain, Lauren (2009-10-06). "The Mountain Goats - The Life of the World to Come / Releases / Releases // Drowned In Sound". Drownedinsound.com. Archived from the original on 2012-07-14. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
External links
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- Matthew 25 King James Bible - Wikisource
- English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate
- Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
- Multiple bible versions at Bible Gateway (NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)