İsmail Necdet Kent (1 January 1911 – 20 September 2002) was a Turkish diplomat, who claimed to have risked his life to save Jews during World War II. While vice-consul in Marseilles, France between 1941 and 1944, he allegedly gave documents of citizenship to dozens of Turkish Jews living in France who did not have proper identity papers, to save them from deportation to the Nazi gas chambers. These claims, first published in an appendix to Stanford J. Shaw's book Turkey and the Holocaust (1993),[2] have not been independently verified; no survivors or their descendants have confirmed the account.[3] Marc David Baer and other historians have documented several inconsistencies in Kent's story; Baer concludes that it is "manufactured" and Uğur Ümit Üngör calls it a "complete fabrication".[4][5][6][7]
Necdet Kent | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | İsmail Necdet Kent 1 January 1911[1] |
| Died | 20 September 2002 (aged 91) |
| Nationality | Turkish |
| Alma mater | New York University |
| Occupation | Diplomat |
| Known for | Claims of saving lives of Jews during World War II |
| Children | Muhtar Kent |
| Awards | Turkey's Supreme Service Medal |
Biography
editEarly life and education
editNecdet Kent was born in 1911 in Istanbul in the Ottoman Empire and got his secondary education from Galatasaray Lycee, as did some of his colleagues in the foreign ministry. He travelled to the United States for his university studies, earning a degree in public law from New York University. He was also briefly a professional footballer for Hull Fc.
Career
editReturning to Turkey, Kent entered the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1937. He was first posted as vice consul to Athens, Greece. In 1941, he was appointed to the post of vice consul at Marseilles, France, a post which he held until 1944. Many refugees gathered in southern France during the war, and Marseilles was a major port of embarkation.
After World War II, Kent continued his career in the Turkish foreign service. He served as Consul General at the Turkish Consulate General in New York City. He also was at different times the Turkish ambassador to Thailand, India, Sweden,[8] and Poland.[9][10]
Necdet Kent married and had children.[9] One son, Muhtar Kent, was the chairman and CEO of The Coca-Cola Company from July 2008 till May 2017.
Claims of Holocaust rescue
editIn an annex to Stanford J. Shaw's book Turkey and the Holocaust (1993), Kent's claims of rescuing Jews during the Holocaust were first published.[2]
Kent said that, at some time in 1943, an assistant at the Turkish consulate told Kent that the Germans had just loaded 80 Turkish Jews living in Marseilles into cattle cars for immediate transport to probable death in Germany. Kent later recalled, "To this day, I remember the inscription on the wagon: 'This wagon may be loaded with 20 heads of cattle and 500 kilograms of grass'."[11][9] Kent approached the Gestapo commander at the station, and demanded that the Jews be released, as they were Turkish citizens and Turkey was neutral. The official refused to do so, saying that the people were nothing but Jews.[11]
According to his own account, Kent and his assistant quickly got on the train; the German official asked him to get off, but Kent refused. At the next station, German officers boarded and apologized to Kent for not letting him off at Marseilles; they had a car waiting outside to return him to his office. Kent explained that the mistake was that 80 Turkish citizens had been loaded on the train. "As a representative of a government that rejected such treatment for religious beliefs, I could not consider leaving them there," he said. Surprised at his uncompromising stance, the Germans ultimately let everyone off the train.[9]
Kent also claimed that he reached out to the Jewish community, issuing Turkish identity documents to scores of Turkish Jews living in southern France, or those who had fled there and did not hold valid Turkish passports.[9] Kent also said that he went to Gestapo headquarters to protest against their stripping of males in the street in Marseilles to determine whether or not they were Jews (by circumcision); Kent rebuked the German commander and informed him that circumcision did not necessarily prove an individual's Jewishness, since Muslims are also circumcised.[9]
Verification of claims
editHistorian Marc David Baer notes several inconsistencies in Kent's story, concluding that it is "manufactured".[4] Historian Corry Guttstadt examines the claims made, concluding that "Kent's heroic action is just completely unfounded". She criticized attempts to use "an imaginary rescue of Jews as a publicity tool".[12]
The International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation researched the role of Turkish diplomats during the Holocaust, reporting:
to date, it was not possible to receive any independent, objective third party corroboration to the self-testimony of Mr. Necdet Kent, regarding his having boarded a Nazi deportation train and released a number of Turkish Jews from deportation or death. No single survivor or survivor’s descendent, has ever come forward verifying this account. All the IRWF attempts to get access to the official Turkish Archives, utilized by Shaw, have been ignored.[3][13]
Kent has not been recognized as Righteous Among the Nations.[14]
Legacy and honors
editIn 2001, Kent, Namık Kemal Yolga and Selahattin Ülkümen, also Turkish diplomats who had worked in Europe and saved Jews during World War II, were honoured with Turkey's Supreme Service Medal.[citation needed]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ everyone in Turkey at that time had a year of birth but not a date of birth
- ^ a b Baer 2020, p. 193.
- ^ a b Baer 2020, p. 199.
- ^ a b Baer 2020, pp. 193–194.
- ^ Bahar, I. Izzet (2014). Turkey and the Rescue of European Jews. Routledge. p. 190. ISBN 978-1-317-62599-5.
- ^ Guttstadt, Corry (2008). Turkey, the Jews, and the Holocaust. Cambridge University Press. p. 220. ISBN 978-0-521-76991-4.
- ^ Uğur Ümit Üngör. "Üngör on Burak Arliel, 'The Turkish Passport' | H-Genocide | H-Net". networks.h-net.org. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
- ^ "Büyükelçilik Tarihi ve Önceki Büyükelçilerimiz" (in Turkish). T.C. Stokholm Büyükelçiliği. Retrieved 2018-04-04.
- ^ a b c d e f "True courage of one who had to act: Necdet Kent, Turkish diplomat 1911-2002", The Daily Telegraph, London; reprinted on Sydney Morning Herald.com, 1 Oct 2002, accessed on September 25, 2008
- ^ "Büyükelçilik Tarihi ve Önceki Büyükelçilerimiz" (in Turkish). T.C. Varşova Büyükelçiliği. Retrieved 2018-04-04.
- ^ a b Etgar Lefkovits, "Necdet Kent: Le Consul turc qui a stoppé le train de la mort!" (The consul who halted the death train) Archived 2006-12-20 at the Wayback Machine, Bleublancture.net, 21 Sep 2000, accessed 3 Dec 2009
- ^ "Film Review: Turkish Passport | Sephardic Horizons". www.sephardichorizons.org. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
- ^ "Turks saved Jews from Nazi Holocaust". The International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
- ^ Baer 2020, p. 166.
Further reading
edit- Baer, Marc D. (2020). Sultanic Saviors and Tolerant Turks: Writing Ottoman Jewish History, Denying the Armenian Genocide. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-04542-3.
Films
- Turkish Passport (2011)