Pochinkovsky District (Russian: Починковский райо́н) is an administrative[1] and municipal[3] district (raion), one of the twenty-five in Smolensk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southern central part of the oblast and borders with Kardymovsky District in the north, Glinkovsky District in the northeast, Yelninsky District in the east, Roslavlsky District in the southeast, Shumyachsky District in the south, Khislavichsky District in the southwest, Monastyrshchinsky District in the west, and with Smolensky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 2,380.75 square kilometers (919.21 sq mi).[1] Its administrative center is the town of Pochinok.[1] Population: 30,959 (2010 Census);[2] 37,537 (2002 Census);[5] 44,162 (1989 Soviet census).[6] The population of Pochinok accounts for 28.3% of the district's total population.[2]
Pochinkovsky District
Починковский район | |
|---|---|
 Memorial to Aleksandr Tvardovsky, Pochinok, Pochinkovsky District | |
.png) Flag .gif) Coat of arms | |
 Location of Pochinkovsky District in Smolensk Oblast | |
| Coordinates: 54°24′N 32°27′E / 54.400°N 32.450°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Smolensk Oblast[1] |
| Established | 1 October 1929 |
| Administrative center | Pochinok[1] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 2,380.75 km2 (919.21 sq mi) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 30,959 |
| • Density | 13/km2 (34/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 28.3% |
| • Rural | 71.7% |
| Administrative structure | |
| • Administrative divisions | 1 Urban settlements, 16 Rural settlements |
| • Inhabited localities[1] | 1 cities/towns, 228 rural localities |
| Municipal structure | |
| • Municipally incorporated as | Pochinkovsky Municipal District[3] |
| • Municipal divisions[3] | 1 urban settlements, 16 rural settlements |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK [4]) |
| OKTMO ID | 66633000 |
| Website | http://pochinok.admin-smolensk.ru/ |
Geography
editThe whole area of the district belongs to the drainage basin of the Dnieper. Most of the area belongs to the drainage basin of the Sozh, a left tributary of the Dnieper. The Sozh crosses the area of the district in the northwest. The biggest tributaries of the Sozh within the district are the Khmara and the Ostyor (both left). The Ostyor has its source in the district. Another major left tributary of the Dnieper, the Desna, also crosses the area of the district in the southeast, and a minor area in the southeast of the district belongs to the drainage basin of the Desna. The Dnieper itself makes the border between Pochinkovsky and Kardymovsky Districts, the rivers in the northern part of the district flow into the Dnieper. The district is situated in the Smolensk Upland, with a hilly landscape.
History
editIn the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Smolensk Governorate and remained there until 1929, with the exception of the brief period between 1775 and 1796, when Smolensk Governorate was transformed into Smolensk Viceroyalty. The area was split between Smolensky, Krasninsky, Yelninsky, and Roslavlsky Uyezds. Pochinok has been known since 1811 as a village. It belonged to Yelninnsky Uyezd. In 1926, it was granted a town status.[7][8] In October 1928, Yelninsky Uyezd was abolished and split between Smolensky, Roslavlsky, and Vyazemsky Uyezds.[9]
On 12 July 1929, governorates and uyezds were abolished, and Pochinkovsky District with the administrative center in the town of Pochinok was established on the territories which previously belonged to Smolensky, Krasninsky, and Roslavslsky Districts of Smolensk Governorate. The district belonged to Roslavl Okrug of Western Oblast. On August 1, 1930, the okrugs were abolished, and the districts were subordinated directly to the oblast. On 27 September 1937 Western Oblast was abolished and split between Oryol and Smolensk Oblasts. Pochinkovsky District was transferred to Smolensk Oblast. Between 1941 and 1943, during WWII, the district was occupied by German troops.[10]
On 12 July 1929, Stodolishchensky District with the administrative center in the selo of Stodolishche was established on the areas which previously belonged to Roslavlsky and Yelninsky Uyezds of Smolensk Governorate. It belonged to Roslavl Okrug of Western Oblast. In 1937, the raion was transferred to Smolensk Oblast. In 1961 it was abolished and split between Pochinkovsky and Roslavlsky District.[10]
Economy
editIndustry
editThere are enterprises of textile and food industries in the district.[11]
Agriculture
editThe main agricultural specializations of the district are cattle breeding with meat and milk production, as well as poultry breeding.[11]
Transportation
edit
A railway connecting Smolensk and Bryansk crosses the district from northwest to southeast. Pochinok is the main railway station within the district.
The R120 road (formerly A141), which connects Smolensk with Bryansk and Oryol, crosses the district from the northwest to southeast, passing close to Pochinok. There is a road between Pochinok and Yelnya, as well as another one across the border to Mstsislaw where it continues to Orsha and Krychaw. There are also local roads with bus traffic originating from Pochinok.
The Dnieper is navigable within the district, however, there is no organized navigation.[12]
Culture and recreation
editIn Pochinok, there is a local museum which was opened in 2000. The expositions highlight history of the district.[13]
In the village of Seltso, there is the Museum-Estate of Alexander Tvardovsky. Tvardovsky, a 20th-century Russian poet, was born in this village in 1910, but his family house was destroyed during World War II. In 1988, the estate was reconstructed.[14]
References
editNotes
edit- ^ a b c d e f g Resolution #261
- ^ a b c Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ a b c Law #132-z
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ "Историческая справка" (in Russian). Pochinkovsky District Administration. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
- ^ "Починковский район - Администрация Смоленской области" (in Russian). Smolensk Oblast Administration. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
- ^ Москалев, О.Л. "История системы образования" (in Russian). Museum of History of Education of Smolensk Oblast. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
- ^ a b Борис Парфенов; Ольга Хоренженкова. "К истории формирования Смоленской области" (in Russian). Смоленск. Retrieved May 21, 2018.
- ^ a b "Инвестиционный паспорт" (PDF) (in Russian). Pochinkovsky District Administration. 2016. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
- ^ Н.И. Алексеевский, В.А. Жук. "Днепр" (in Russian). Вода России.
- ^ "Муниципальное бюджетное учреждение культуры "Починковский историко-краеведческий музей"" (in Russian). Муниципальное бюджетное учреждение культуры «Починковский историко-краеведческий музей». Retrieved May 17, 2018.
- ^ "Музей-усадьба А.Т.Твардовского" (in Russian). ОГБУК «Смоленский государственный музей-заповедник». Retrieved May 17, 2018.
Sources
edit- Администрация Смоленской области. Постановление №261 от 30 апреля 2008 г. «Об утверждении реестра административно-территориальных единиц и территориальных единиц Смоленской области», в ред. Постановления №464 от 27 июня 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в реестр административно-территориальных единиц и территориальных единиц Смоленской области». Опубликован: База данных "Консультант-плюс". (Administration of Smolensk Oblast. Resolution #261 of April 30, 2008 On the Adoption of the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and Territorial Units of Smolensk Oblast, as amended by the Resolution #464 of June 27, 2014 On Amending the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and Territorial Units of Smolensk Oblast. ).
- Смоленская областная Дума. Закон №132-з от 28 декабря 2004 г. «О наделении статусом муниципального района муниципального образования "Починковский район" Смоленской области, об установлении границ муниципальных образований, территории которых входят в его состав, и наделении их соответствующим статусом», в ред. Закона №103-з от 23 ноября 2011 г. «О внесении изменений в областной Закон "О наделении статусом муниципального района муниципального образования "Починковский район" Смоленской области, об установлении границ муниципальных образований, территории которых входят в его состав, и наделении их соответствующим статусом"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Вестник Смоленской областной Думы и Администрации Смоленской области", №14, часть II, стр. 69, 30 декабря 2004 г. (Smolensk Oblast Duma. Law #132-z of December 28, 2004 On Granting the Status of the Municipal District to the Municipal Formation of "Pochinkovsky District" of Smolensk Oblast, on Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations the Territories of Which It Comprises, and on Granting Them Appropriate Status, as amended by the Law #103-z of November 23, 2011 On Amending the Oblast Law "On Granting the Status of the Municipal District to the Municipal Formation of "Pochinkovsky District" of Smolensk Oblast, on Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations the Territories of Which It Comprises, and on Granting Them Appropriate Status". Effective as of the official publication date.).