Pro-democracy camp (Macau)

Pro-democracy camp
Pro-democracy camp
Chinese name	民主みんしゅ派は
Portuguese name	campo pró-democracia
Founded	1990; 34 years ago
Ideology	Liberalism; Liberal democracy
Colours	Yellow and blue; (customary)
Legislative Assembly of Macau	2 / 33
	Politics of Macau; Political parties; Elections;

The pro-democracy camp (Chinese: 民主みんしゅ派は; Portuguese: campo pró-democracia) or pan-democracy camp (泛民主みんしゅ派は; campo pan-democrático) is a political alignment of politicians and social activists in Macau who support increased democracy and may work together in areas of common interest or by not fielding candidates against one another in elections.

Democratic activists are usually critical of the post-1999 Macanese government and the People's Republic of China's authoritarian government, which they say does not properly represent the will of the people. Its supporters also advocate a faster pace of democratization and implementation of universal and equal suffrage.

Members of the camp represent a very broad social and political demographic, from the working class to the middle class and professionals. Opposite to the pan-democracy camp is the pro-establishment camp, whose members are perceived to be supportive of the central government of China.

Basic beliefs

Vindication of the Tiananmen Square Protests of 1989
Democratic reform in China
Universal suffrage in Macau
Improve human rights (See human rights in Macau and human rights in People's Republic of China)

History

Members of the camp include workers and social activists who are concerned about the question of Macau sovereignty and took part in Macau's elections in the early 1990s.

History of the pro-democracy camp can be traced back to the "livelihood faction"^[1] (Chinese: 民生みんせい派は) in the 1980s, which provided welfare service and basic needs to the community. The faction, led by Alexandre Ho, gained popularity and political support, becoming the biggest challenge to the pro-Beijing traditional associations after winning three out of six directly-elected seats in 1988.^[2] However, as the associations started doing the same and allocated many resources to citizens, younger supporters questioned the pro-livelihood belief, citing the lack of competitivity for providing welfare when compared to the traditional associations. In 1996 legislative election, Antonio Ng, who represented the advocates of monitoring and overseeing the administration, was elected as lawmaker, while Ho lost his re-election bid, marking the shift of the mainstream ideology in the pro-democracy camp.^[3] Some still used "pro-democracy and livelihood camp" (Chinese: 民主みんしゅ民生みんせい派は) to show the close relationship between the two.^[4]

Criticism of the movement

The movement is criticized by numerous groups including media which is controlled by the PRC mainland Chinese government authorities and post-1999 Government of Macau as an "opposition camp", since their concerns in regards to freedom of speech, freedom of press, and self-determination contradict the political stance of the PRC government. In some cases, pan-democracy activists have even been accused of high treason or being "traitors to Han Chinese".^[5]

Members of the camp

Civil organizations, individual social activists, political parties, political groups and lawmakers who share a similar belief in democracy are all considered members of this camp (the number of Legislative Deputies is shown in brackets).

The following entities are routinely referred to as members of the Pan-democracy camp:

New Macau Association
- New Democratic Macau Association (Au Kam San has quit the association as of 2016)
- Prosperous Democratic Macau Association
New Hope

Electoral performance

Legislative Council elections

Election	Number of popular votes	% of popular votes	Total seats	+/−	Status
2001	22,212	27.43	3 / 12	—	Minority
2005	35,896	28.75	3 / 12		Minority
2009	47,987	33.83	4 / 12	1	Minority
2013	39,727	27.13	4 / 14		Minority
2017	46,442	26.90	4 / 14		Minority
2021	18,232	13.81	2 / 14	2	Minority

References

^ Yu, Eilo; Chin, Natalie (2012). "The Political Opposition and Democracy in Macao: Revolutionaries or Loyalists?". Government and Opposition. 47 (1): 97–116. doi:10.1111/j.1477-7053.2011.01356.x. S2CID 145507276.
^ Yu, Eilo (2019). "論ろん澳門まかお一國兩制模式的可持續性". 二に十じゅう一いち世紀せいき評論ひょうろん.
^ Reis, Arsenio (2017-09-22). "澳門まかお民主みんしゅ派は的てき傳承でんしょう". Plataforma Media (in Traditional Chinese). Retrieved 2022-06-14.
^ ""澳門まかお選せん舉與政治せいじ文化ぶんか的てき變遷へんせん與あずか發展はってん方向ほうこう"座談ざだん會かい紀要きよう" (PDF). 澳門まかお學者がくしゃ同盟どうめい秘書ひしょ處しょ. 2009-10-31.
^ Jensen, Lionel M. Weston, Timothy B. [2006] (2006). China's Transformations: The Stories Beyond the Headlines. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 0-7425-3863-X.

[1] Yu, Eilo; Chin, Natalie (2012). "The Political Opposition and Democracy in Macao: Revolutionaries or Loyalists?". Government and Opposition. 47 (1): 97–116. doi:10.1111/j.1477-7053.2011.01356.x. S2CID 145507276.

[2] Yu, Eilo (2019). "論ろん澳門まかお一國兩制模式的可持續性". 二に十じゅう一いち世紀せいき評論ひょうろん.

[3] Reis, Arsenio (2017-09-22). "澳門まかお民主みんしゅ派は的てき傳承でんしょう". Plataforma Media (in Traditional Chinese). Retrieved 2022-06-14.

[4] ""澳門まかお選せん舉與政治せいじ文化ぶんか的てき變遷へんせん與あずか發展はってん方向ほうこう"座談ざだん會かい紀要きよう" (PDF). 澳門まかお學者がくしゃ同盟どうめい秘書ひしょ處しょ. 2009-10-31.

[5] Jensen, Lionel M. Weston, Timothy B. [2006] (2006). China's Transformations: The Stories Beyond the Headlines. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 0-7425-3863-X.

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