The Quill Lakes are a wetland complex in Saskatchewan, Canada that encompasses the endorheic basin of three distinct lake wetlands: Big Quill Lake, Middle Quill Lake, and Little Quill Lake. On May 27, 1987, it was designated a wetland of international importance via the Ramsar Convention.[2] It was the first Canadian site in the North American Waterfowl Management Plan, is a site in the International Biological Programme and Saskatchewan Heritage Marsh Program, and was designated a Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network site of International significance in May, 1994.[3][4] The site is an important staging and breeding area for spring and fall migration of shorebirds. The site qualifies as an Important Bird Area (IBA) of Canada[5] for its globally and nationally significant migratory and breeding populations of more than a dozen species of birds. The IBA is designated as Quill Lakes (SK 002).[6]
| Quill Lakes | |
|---|---|
 A piping plover running on a beach | |
| Coordinates | 51°55′N 104°20′W / 51.917°N 104.333°W |
| Area | 635 square kilometres (245 sq mi) |
| Designated | 27 May 1987 |
| Reference no. | 365[1] |
Description
editThe lakes were named for bird quills collected near shorelines and shipped to England for use as quill pens. The Quill Lakes are Canada's largest saline lake,[7] covering an area of about 635 square kilometres (245 sq mi). Salinity varies within the lakes and with their water levels,[8] but effectively limits the floral diversity of the region.[7] Located directly north of Regina and east of Saskatoon,[9] it is primarily provincial Crown land administered by the Fish and Wildlife Branch of Saskatchewan Environment.[2]
The surrounding area, consisting of glacial moraines, is mostly used for agricultural purposes. Big Quill Lake is pear-shaped and approximately 27 kilometres (17 mi) long, measuring 18 kilometres (11 mi) at its widest point. Middle Quill Lake, also known as Mud Lake, is the smallest of the three, about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) long and 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) wide. Little Quill Lake is 24 kilometres (15 mi) long and 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) wide.[8] The Islands of Middle Quill Lake have been designated as the provincial Mud Lake Wildlife Refuge (51°56′00″N 104°13′02″W / 51.9333°N 104.2172°W)[10] to protect breeding colonies of American white pelican and double-crested cormorant.[2]
Drought in the surrounding regions results in increased water draw from the lakes, reducing the water level and increasing its salinity. This reduces the breeding habitat for the piping plover.[2] Since 2005, above average precipitation has resulted in widespread flooding and the lake rising 7 metres (23 ft) and in danger of overflowing into the Last Mountain Lake watershed.[11]
Studies and surveys
editVarious studies have surveyed bird populations at this site. The International Shorebird Survey in 1988 counted 155,000 shorebirds at Big Quill Lake. Surveys between 1989 and 1992 at Middle and Little Quill Lakes found one-day peaks of 101,900 birds.[8] The most comprehensive study conducted, involving all three lakes, resulted in a count of 197,155 birds. The site is an important staging and breeding area for the endangered piping plover. Other species identified throughout the complex include "85,000 geese, 100,000 ducks, [and] 12,000 cranes",[7] as well as black-bellied plover, sanderlings, Hudsonian godwits, red knots, stilt sandpipers, white-rumped sandpipers, semipalmated sandpipers, long-billed dowitchers, red-necked phalaropes, and lesser yellowlegs.[8] Additionally, in the mid-1990s several whooping cranes were observed using the area for staging during fall migration.
Industry
editBig Quill Resources (taken over by Sifto Canada in 2011) operates on the shore of Big Quill Lake extracts naturally occurring sulphate from the brine of the lake then combining it with potassium chloride to form sulphate of potash that is then sold as a fertilizer.[12]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Quill Lakes". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
- ^ a b c d "Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan - Ramsar Site". Environment Canada. Archived from the original on 3 May 2007. Retrieved 28 January 2008.
- ^ "Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network (WHSRN)". Environment Canada. Archived from the original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 28 January 2008.
- ^ "Quill Lakes: Site Description". Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network. Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences. Retrieved 28 April 2011.
- ^ "Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas". Nature Saskatchewan. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
- ^ "Quill Lakes". IBA Canada. Birds Canada. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
- ^ a b c "The Annotated Ramsar List: Canada". The Annotated Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance. Ramsar Convention Bureau. 10 January 2000. Archived from the original on 30 December 2007. Retrieved 28 January 2008.
- ^ a b c d "Quill Lakes, Saskatchewan (International)". Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network. Environment Canada. Archived from the original on 14 May 2007. Retrieved 28 January 2008.
- ^ "Saskatchewan Breeding Bird Survey Routes (Map)" (PDF). Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada. 1 November 2005. Retrieved 28 January 2008.
- ^ "Mud Lake Wildlife Refuge". Canadian Geographical Names Database. Government of Canada. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
- ^ Cowan, Micki (7 September 2017). "'There's nothing left': Sask. flooding forces family from farm that was home to 4 generations". CBC News. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
- ^ "Saskatchewan Economic New Feb 4, 2011 - Wynyard Updated (Taken from The Humboldt Journal, January 26, 2011)". Enterprise Saskatchewan. Archived from the original on 25 February 2011. Retrieved 8 February 2011.
External links
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