Richard Vincent Whelan (January 28, 1809 – July 7, 1874) was an American Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Wheeling from 1850 to 1874. He previously served as Bishop of Richmond from 1841 to 1850.
Richard Vincent Whelan | |
|---|---|
| Bishop of Wheeling | |
 | |
| Church | Roman Catholic Church |
| See | Diocese of Wheeling |
| In office | July 23, 1850 – July 7, 1874 |
| Predecessor | Patrick Kelly |
| Successor | John Joseph Kain |
| Previous post(s) | Bishop of Richmond (1841–1850) |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | May 1, 1831 by Jean-François-Étienne Borderies |
| Consecration | March 21, 1841 by Samuel Eccleston |
| Personal details | |
| Born | January 28, 1809 Baltimore, Maryland, USA |
| Died | July 7, 1874 (aged 65) Baltimore, Maryland, USA |
| Education | Mount St. Mary's College Seminary of Saint-Sulpice |
Biography
editEarly life
editRichard Whelan was born on January 28, 1809, in Baltimore, Maryland. At age ten, he was enrolled at Mount St. Mary's College in Emmitsburg, Maryland where he studied the classics.[1] Following his graduation with the highest honors in 1826, Whelan completed his theological studies at the Seminary of Saint-Sulpice in Paris, France.
Priesthood
editWhelan was ordained to the priesthood for the Diocese of Richmond by Bishop Jean-François-Étienne Borderies in Versailles, France, on May 1, 1831.[2] Returning to Maryland, Whelan became a faculty member and business manager at Mount St. Mary's, and also served as pastor of a parish in Harper's Ferry, then in Virginia. His pastoral responsibilities included missions at Martinsburg, Winchester and Bath, all in Virginia at that time These communities, separated by long distances, contained many families who could not access Catholic institutions of any kind.[3]
Bishop of Richmond
editOn December 19, 1840, Whelan was appointed the second bishop of the Diocese Richmond by Pope Gregory XVI.[2] He received his episcopal consecration on March 21, 1841, from Archbishop Samuel Eccleston, with Bishops Benedict Fenwick and John Hughes serving as co-consecrators, at Baltimore.[2]
Since the departure of Bishop Patrick Kelly in 1822, the Diocese of Richmond had been vacant. During that period, Richmond had become a stronghold of the Know-Nothing political party, known for its anti-Catholic bigoty and violence. The diocese only had six priests.
Soon after his arrival in Richmond, Whelan appealed to the Societies for the Propagation of the Faith in Paris, Lyon, France, and Vienna in the Austrian Empire to recruit priests for the diocese.[3] He also established a seminary college outside Richmond, where he resided and taught classes whenever he was in town. Whelan also established several parishes, missions and schools.[3]
Bishop of Wheeling
editIn 1848, Whelan petitioned Pope Pius IX to divide the Diocese of Richmond into two dioceses, with the Allegheny Mountains serving as the boundary. The pope erected the new Diocese of Wheeling on the western slope of the Alleghenies on July 19, 1850, and [4] appointed Whelan on July 23, 1850, as its first bishop.[2] Pope Pius named John McGill as the new bishop of Richmond.
The new Diocese of Wheeling had only two or four Catholic churches and two or six Catholic priests. It consisted of several distinct valleys, with many immigrants but limited funds and access to social services.[5] Whelan became known for his resourcefulness, even performing carpentry and stonework himself.[6] He also had to deal with anti-Catholicism or Know-Nothings in the diocese. When a papal nuncio was scheduled to visit in Wheeling in 1853, Whelan was worried about his security. When the nuncio arrived, Whelan ringed the cathedral with supporters to protect him.[5]
In 1861, the State of Virginia seceded from the United States to join the Confederate States of America at the start of the American Civil War. However, public sentiment in the Wheeling area opposed secession. A group established the Restored Government of Virginia in Wheeling and elected lawyer Francis H. Pierpont as its provisional governor. Whelan believed the Restored Government was illegitimate and refused to take a loyalty oath to it.[7] In response, the Wheeling government wanted to arrest him. However, U.S. President Abraham Lincoln refused to allow it. Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton sent a letter to the Restored Government on May 21, 1862, saying:
"The President being informed that you intend or threaten to arrest Bishop Whelan, the Catholic Bishop of your city, he directs that you take no action against the Bishop without the President's order."[8]
No actions were taken against Whelan during the course of the war. The Diocese of Wheeling became part of the new State of West Virginia in 1863.
Whelan invited several religious congregations to send followers to the diocese to provide needed social services. By the time he died, the diocese had 48 churches, 29 priests, three religious congregations of women, six schools for girls, a school for boys, an orphanage, and a hospital.[1] From 1869 to 1870, Whelan attended the First Vatican Council in Rome, where he opposed papal infallibility because he thought such a declaration would be untimely.[3]
Death and legacy
editWhelan fell ill in 1874 and was brought to St. Agnes Hospital in Baltimore for treatment. Richard Whelan died in Baltimore on June 7, 1874, at age 65.[3] A residence hall at Wheeling Jesuit University in Wheeling is named after him.
Other sources
editTricia Pyne, Faith in the Mountains: A History of the Diocese of Wheeling-Charleston (2000)
References
edit- ^ a b "The Most Reverend Richard Vincent Whelan". Wheeling Jesuit University. Archived from the original on 2008-10-11.
- ^ a b c d "Bishop Richard Vincent Whelan". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
- ^ a b c d e Clarke, Richard Henry. "Lives of the Deceased Bishops of the Catholic Church in the United States".
- ^ "Diocese of Wheeling-Charleston". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
- ^ a b "Wheeling Ethnic Groups – the Irish Story | Wheeling National Heritage Area". Archived from the original on 2014-01-06. Retrieved 2014-01-05.
- ^ "Whelan Hall - Wheeling Jesuit University". Archived from the original on 2008-10-11. Retrieved 2015-09-25.
- ^ 1862 June 23 Bishop Whelan to James Alphonsus McMaster
- ^ The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Washington, DC, 1898, Series II, Vol. 3, pg. 560