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Shonan Gold

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Shonan Gold (湘南しょうなんゴールド) is a hybrid Japanese citrus, with a characteristic "golden" bright yellow color.

Shonan Gold (湘南しょうなんゴールド)
Hybrid parentageCitrus flaviculpus hort. ex Tanaka (Ōgonkan) × Citrus unshiu (Swingle) Marcow. cv. Imamura unshiu
CultivarShōnan Gold
OriginKanagawa Agricultural Technology Center (神奈川かながわ県けん農業のうぎょう技術ぎじゅつセンター), Japan

Though not completely seedless, the seeds are few in number.[1] The yellowness is inherited from its mother plant (seed parent), a small-sized variety known as Ōgonkan or "Golden Orange", which has been crossed with the Imamura unshiu variety of satsuma orange for size and other desired traits. The cultivar was developed by an agricultural experiment station run by the Kanagawa Prefecture.[1][2]

History

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2015 Shōnan Gold Special Talk Event, featuring Iwamoto Nobuhisa, owner of Sankt Gallen Brewery, Urai Tsurayuki, JA Kanagawa Seisho Agricultural Cooperative Association and Kuroiwa Yūji, Governor of Kanagawa Prefecture

Shōnan gold was first cultivated in 1988, by hybrid crossing the Citrus flaviculpus (Ōgonkan (黄き金柑きんかん, "Golden Orange")) with Citrus unshiu cv. Imamura unshiu (今村いまむら温州うんしゅう) (a variety of Satsuma orange).[1][2][3] It is thought to be a nucellar seedling of the mother plant Ōgonkan.[1]

The cultivation was first conducted at the Kanagawa Agricultural Research Institute, Nebukawa Experiment Station (神奈川かながわ県けん農業のうぎょう総合そうごう研究所けんきゅうじょ根府川ねぶかわ試験場しけんじょう) in the city of Odawara,[2] although the station has since been bureaucratically reorganized as the Nebukawas Sub-Office, under the Ashigara-ku Office, Kanagawa Agricultural Technology Center (神奈川かながわ県けん農業のうぎょう技術ぎじゅつセンター足柄あしがら地区ちく事務所じむしょ根府川ねぶかわ分室ぶんしつ).[4] Further seed selection and propagation was continued until the 12th year (1999) to establish stability of characteristics.[2][5] The hybrid was registered with the name "Shōnan Gold" (registration number 11469) at Japan's Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) in 2003,[1][2] and the first harvest took place that same year.[6] Shipment started in 2006 (FY2005) with about 2.0 metric tons officially entering the market,[7] or about 450 kg according to a newspaper coverage.[5][a]

Description

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The sphere-shaped fruit averages about 77 g (2.72 oz) each in weight and the rind or peel is yellow.[1] The flesh or pulp is tender, succulent, and sweet,[1] with sugar concentration typically 11–12 °Bx (i.e. 11–12% by mass).[6] It is fragrant like the Ōgonkan, but is smoother-skinned and easier to peel by hand.[1] The fruit ripens during April and retains excellent flavor until May,[1] which exactly targets the months when the unshū (satsuma) oranges run scarce in the Japanese market.[6]

Cultivation

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The fruit-thinning symposium held by Kanagawa Agricultural Technology Center and the growers

The young sapling is thorny and grows upright, but as it ages, it loses its thorns and begins to spread its limbs laterally.[1] To encourage earlier fruiting, it is important to train the branches on the young tree so they fan out.[1] Fruiting is bountiful, but has alternate year bearing (biennial bearing) tendencies.[1]

The growers (the JA-kanagawaseisho (かながわ西にし湘農業ぎょう協同きょうどう組合くみあい), i.e., the Japan Agricultural Cooperatives of the "West Shōnan" region of Kanagawa) and the agency (Kanagawa Agricultural Technology Center) jointly held a symposium on the proper method of fruit thinning and planted a test tree, to continue to develop improved cultivation techniques and quality.[8]

Crop yields

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The history of planted acreage, annual yields, and shipments, according to the agriculture ministry data are tabulated below.[7][9]

In statistics up to 2010, Kanagawa prefecture accounted for 100% of Shonan Gold production in Japan.[b] The major producers are the city of Odawara and the town of Yugawara.[7]

Shōnan Gold crop yields
FY Acreage Crop yields Shipments
2005 0.9 ha 2.2 t 2.0 t
2006 0.9 ha 2.2 t 2.0 t
2007 2.7 ha 8.8 t 8.0 t
2008 3.7 ha 11.0 t 10.0 t
2009 3.9 ha 31.1 t 30.0 t
2009 3.9 ha 31.1 t 30.0 t
2010 5.7 ha 41.6 t 40.0 t

The year is fiscal year, so the first shipment, given as FY2005 in the above data, really occurred in 2006. According to an Asahi Shimbun online edition, the first shipment amounted only to 450 kg (990 lb).[5][a]

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  •  
    Original propagating stock tree
  •  
    Blooming
  •  
    Fruition
  •  
    Packing
  •  
    Here you have a lot

Explanatory notes

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  1. ^ a b The wide margin in numbers cannot be accounted for by fresh fruit vs. total, since the government statistics also has a breakdown column for fruits shipped as processed goods.
  2. ^ As of Feb-2013, the latest available online at www.e-stat.go.jp site is FY2010 data

Notes

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Manago et al. 2004
  2. ^ a b c d e 農林水産省のうりんすいさんしょう (MAFF). "Shonan Gold (Registration Number 11469)". 登録とうろく品種ひんしゅデータベース (Registration kind database). Retrieved 21 February 2013.[permanent dead link] (Also available in English, with limited information. Perform Search for Varieties under PVP Archived 2013-02-04 at the Wayback Machine)
  3. ^ 真子しんじ, 鈴木すずき & 浅田あさだ 2000, pp. 370–1
  4. ^ 神奈川かながわ県けん農業のうぎょう技術ぎじゅつセンター(Kanagawa Agricultural Technology Center) (2011-11-10), かながわ農林のうりん水産すいさん100の知識ちしき (Kanagawa Nōrinsuisan 100 no chishiki), archived from the original on 2014-04-15, retrieved 21 February 2013 農業のうぎょう(15～97頁ぺーじ) Archived 2012-10-18 at the Wayback Machine, p.70
  5. ^ a b c 楠田くすだ裕司ゆうじ(Yuji Kusuda) (2008-04-11). "【神奈川かながわ】新種しんしゅミカン食しょく後ごにいかが (Kanagawa-ken: mikan shokugo ni ikaga)". Asahi Shimbun. Archived from the original on 2008-04-15. Retrieved 2008-04-17.
  6. ^ a b c 神奈川かながわ県けん農業のうぎょう技術ぎじゅつセンター (Kanagawa Agricultural Technology Center) (December 2007). "湘南しょうなんゴールド (Shōnan Gold)". Retrieved 2008-04-11.[permanent dead link]
  7. ^ a b c 農林水産省のうりんすいさんしょう(MAFF). "特産とくさん果樹かじゅ生産せいさん出荷しゅっか実績じっせき調査ちょうさ ("special produce orchard tree production and shipment realization study")". Retrieved 21 February 2013.
  8. ^ かながわブランド振興しんこう協議きょうぎ会かい (Kanagawa brand promotion council (2012-07-20). "湘南しょうなんゴールドのシンニング（摘果てきか）作業さぎょうを勉強べんきょうしてきました！ (Went to study fruit-thinning tasks for Shonan Gold!)". かなさんの畑はたけ (Kana-san's Field). Archived from the original on 2015-06-21. Retrieved 2012-09-05.
  9. ^ 果物くだものナビ (Navi fruit). "果物くだもの統計とうけい 果物くだもの別べつグラフ 湘南しょうなんゴールド (kudamono tōkei.. Shōnan Gold)". Retrieved 2012-10-27.

References

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with English abstracts
  • 真子しんじ, 正史せいし; 鈴木すずき, 伸一しんいち; 鈴木すずき, 誠まこと; 浅田あさだ, 真一しんいち (2004). カンキツ新しん品種ひんしゅ'湘南しょうなんゴールド. 神奈川かながわ県けん農業のうぎょう総合そうごう研究所けんきゅうじょ報告ほうこく (in Japanese). 145: 35–41. JGLOBAL ID:200902245650237565. (w/English title and abstract) Agriknowledge (with PDF link); Agri-kanagawa (pdf)[permanent dead link]
    =Manago, Masafumi; Suzuki, Sin-ichi; Suzuki, Makoto; Asada, Shin-ichi (2004). "Kankitsu shin hinshu shōnan gōrudo (A New Citrus Cultivar 'Shonan-gold')" (agris). Bulletin of the Kanagawa Prefectural Agricultural Research Institute). 145: 35–41. ISSN 0388-8231.
Japanese only resources
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