Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/landā

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ln̥dʰ-éh₂^[1], from *léndʰ-s ~ *ln̥dʰ-és, from *lendʰ- (“land, heath”).^[2] Cognate with Proto-Germanic *lundaz (“grove”) (whence Old Norse lundr), Proto-Germanic *landą (“land”).

Noun

*landā f^[2]^[3]^[1]^[4]

(open) land, space

Inflection

Feminine ā-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*landā	*landai	*landās
vocative	*landā	*landai	*landās
accusative	*landam	*landai	*landāms
genitive	*landās	*landous	*landom
dative	*landāi	*landābom	*landābos
locative	*landai	*?	*?
instrumental	*?	*landābim	*landābis

Derived terms

*ɸitulandā

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *llann
- Middle Breton: lann
- Cornish: lan
- Middle Welsh: llann
  - Welsh: llan
Old Irish: land, lann
- Irish: lann
- Manx: lann
- Scottish Gaelic: lann
Gaulish: *landā^[2]^[1]
- → Vulgar Latin: *landa^[1]
  - Old French: lande, launde
    - → Middle English: launde
      - English: laund
    - French: lande (“sandymoor, heath”)
  - Italian: landa
  - Occitan: landa
  - Spanish: landa
    - → Basque: landa

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, page 125
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages *landā–232
^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 139: “PCl. *landā”
^ McCone, Kim (1996) Towards a relative chronology of ancient and medieval Celtic sound change, Maynooth: Dept. of Old Irish, St. Patrick's College, →ISBN, page 112

[KPV-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, page 125

[EDPC-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages *landā–232

[3] Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 139: “PCl. *landā”

[4] McCone, Kim (1996) Towards a relative chronology of ancient and medieval Celtic sound change, Maynooth: Dept. of Old Irish, St. Patrick's College, →ISBN, page 112

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