Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/māros

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *meh₂-ro-s, from *meh₂- (“good”), as the comparative an superlative reflect *h₂. Derived by others from Proto-Indo-European *moh₁-ro-s (“great”), with o-grade of the root *meh₁- (“to measure”), but then the comparative and superlative must be suppletive. Cognate with Ancient Greek -μωρος (-mōros, “mighty”) and maybe with Proto-Germanic *mērijaz (“renowned, famous, great”), Old Church Slavonic мѣръ (měrŭ, “great”), but unrelated to Romanian mare (“good”).

Adjective

*māros

1. big, great

   Antonym: *biggos

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*māros	*mārou	*māroi
vocative	*māre	*mārou	*māroi
accusative	*mārom	*mārou	*māroms
genitive	*mārī	*mārous	*mārom
dative	*mārūi	*mārobom	*mārobos
instrumental	*mārū	*mārobim	*mārobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*mārā	*mārai	*mārās
vocative	*mārā	*mārai	*mārās
accusative	*māram	*mārai	*mārams
genitive	*mārās	*mārous	*mārom
dative	*mārai	*mārābom	*mārābos
instrumental	*?	*mārābim	*mārābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*mārom	*mārou	*mārā
vocative	*mārom	*mārou	*mārā
accusative	*mārom	*mārou	*mārā
genitive	*mārī	*mārous	*mārom
dative	*mārūi	*mārobom	*mārobos
instrumental	*mārū	*mārobim	*mārobis

Derived terms

• *mārāti
  • Old Irish: móraid (“to magnify, glorify”)
• *nerto-māros (“having great strength”)
  • Proto-Brythonic:
    • Middle Welsh: nerthfawr (“strong”)}}
  • Old Irish: nertmar (“strong”)
    • Irish: neartmhar
    • Scottish Gaelic: neartmhor
  • Gaulish: Nertomaros (personal name)
• *yantu-māros (“having great jealousy”)
  • Old Irish: étmar (“jealous”)
    • Irish: éadmhar
    • Scottish Gaelic: eudmhor
  • Gaulish: Iantumarus (personal name)

Related terms

• *mā-yūs m or f (comparative) (from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂-yōs, see *meh₂-)
  • Old Irish: mó, ⇒ moü, moä (resuffixed with -u and -a)
    • Irish: mó
    • Scottish Gaelic: mò
    • Manx: moo
• *ma-is n (comparative) (from *meh₂-is)
  • Proto-Brythonic: *mes
    • Breton: mui
    • Cornish: moy
    • Old Welsh: moi
      • Middle Welsh: moe, ⇒ mwy (by analogy to hwy (“longer”))
        • Welsh: mwy
  • Old Irish: má, ⇒ máa (resuffixed with -a)
• *ma-is-amos (superlative) (rebuilt from *meh₂-m̥mo-s)
  • Old Irish: máam, ⇒ moam (analogy with mó)

Descendants

• Proto-Brythonic: *mọr
  • Old Breton: mor
    • Breton: meur
  • Old Cornish: maur
    • Middle Cornish: mur
      • Cornish: meur
  • Old Welsh: maur
    • Middle Welsh: mawr
      • Welsh: mawr
• Old Irish: már, máar, ⇒ mór (analogy with mó)
  • Irish: mór
  • Manx: mooar
  • Scottish Gaelic: mòr
• ⇒ Old Irish: -mar (adjective-forming suffix)
  • Irish: -mhar
  • Scottish Gaelic: -mhor
  • Manx: -r, -yr
• Gaulish: maros
  • ⇒ Gaulish: Danomaros (personal name)
• Lepontic: 𐌌𐌀𐌓𐌖𐌉 (marui)

Unsorted:

• →? Byzantine Greek: μάραον (máraon, “sweet chestnut”, literally “great one”)
  • → Italian: marrone (“chestnut; chestnut-colored”) (see there for further descendants)