abrupt
English
editEtymology
editFirst attested in 1583. Borrowed from Latin abruptus (“broken off”), perfect passive participle of abrumpō (“break off”), formed from ab (“from, away from”) + rumpō (“to break”).[1][2]
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editabrupt (comparative more abrupt or abrupter, superlative most abrupt or abruptest)
- (obsolete, rare) Broken away (from restraint). [Attested only in the late 16th century.][1]
- Without notice to prepare the mind for the event; sudden; hasty; unceremonious. [First attested in the late 16th century.][1]
- The party came to an abrupt end when the parents of our host arrived.
- 1592, William Shakespeare, Henry VI Part I, II-iii:
- The cause of your abrupt departure.
- 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “Success”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 76:
- There was something in this abrupt allusion to the treasured and hidden past, that at once shocked and silenced Norbourne. He was annoyed to find that his heart's sweetest secret was in the possession of one so little likely to keep it;...
- Curt in manner. [First attested in the late 16th century.][1]
- 1841 February–November, Charles Dickens, “Barnaby Rudge. Chapter 12.”, in Master Humphrey’s Clock, volume II, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 301:
- With no great disparity between them in point of years, they were, in every other respect, as unlike and far removed from each other as two men could well be. The one was soft-spoken, delicately made, precise, and elegant; the other, a burly square-built man, negligently dressed, rough and abrupt in manner, stern, and, in his present mood, forbidding both in look and speech.
- Having sudden transitions from one subject or state to another; unconnected; disjointed. [First attested in the late 16th century.][1]
- 1641, Ben Jonson, Discoveries Made upon Men and Matter[2]:
- The abrupt style, which hath many breaches.
- (obsolete) Broken off. [Attested from the early 17th century until the mid 18th century.][1]
- Extremely steep or craggy as if broken up; precipitous. [First attested in the early 17th century.][1]
- a. 1749 (date written), James Thomson, “Summer”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, →OCLC:
- The mazy-running brook
Forms a deep pool; this bank abrupt and high.
- 1961 October, ""Voyageur"", “The Cockermouth, Keswick & Penrith Railway”, in Trains Illustrated, page 601:
- To the north the towering scree-strewn slopes of Saddleback begin to draw nearer as we start the abrupt descent towards Keswick.
- (botany) Suddenly terminating, as if cut off; truncate. [First attested in the early 19th century.][1]
Synonyms
edit- (precipitous): broken, rough, rugged
- (without time to prepare): sudden; see also Thesaurus:sudden
- (uncivil): blunt, brusque
- (without transition): disconnected, unexpected
Derived terms
editTranslations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
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Verb
editabrupt (third-person singular simple present abrupts, present participle abrupting, simple past and past participle abrupted)
- (transitive, archaic) To tear off or asunder. [First attested in the mid 17th century.][1]
- 1642, Tho[mas] Browne, “(please specify the page)”, in Religio Medici. […], 4th edition, London: […] E. Cotes for Andrew Crook […], published 1656, →OCLC:
- Till death abrupts them.
- To interrupt suddenly. [First attested in the mid 17th century.][1]
Derived terms
editTranslations
edit
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Noun
editabrupt (plural abrupts)
- (poetic) Something which is abrupt; an abyss. [First attested in the mid 17th century.][1]
- 1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:
- Over the vast abrupt.
Translations
editReferences
edit- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief, William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “abrupt”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 8.
- ^ Philip Babcock Gove (editor), Webster's Third International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (G. & C. Merriam Co., 1976 [1909], →ISBN), page 6
Dutch
editEtymology
editBorrowed from French abrupt, itself borrowed from Latin abruptus, from abrumpēre (“to break off”).
Pronunciation
editAudio: (file) - Hyphenation: ab‧rupt
Adjective
editabrupt (comparative abrupter, superlative abruptst)
- abrupt (sudden)
Inflection
editDeclension of abrupt | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
uninflected | abrupt | |||
inflected | abrupte | |||
comparative | abrupter | |||
positive | comparative | superlative | ||
predicative/adverbial | abrupt | abrupter | het abruptst het abruptste | |
indefinite | m./f. sing. | abrupte | abruptere | abruptste |
n. sing. | abrupt | abrupter | abruptste | |
plural | abrupte | abruptere | abruptste | |
definite | abrupte | abruptere | abruptste | |
partitive | abrupts | abrupters | — |
French
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editAdjective
editabrupt (feminine abrupte, masculine plural abrupts, feminine plural abruptes)
- Extremely steep, near vertical
- curt and abrupt
- Done or said forwardly and without caution to avoid shocking
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “abrupt”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
German
editEtymology
edit18th century, from Latin abruptus.
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editabrupt (strong nominative masculine singular abrupter, comparative abrupter, superlative am abruptesten)
- abrupt
- sudden, unforeseen
- Synonyms: jäh, plötzlich, schlagartig
- unconnected, having sudden transitions, (of movements) jerking
- sudden, unforeseen
Declension
editnumber & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist abrupt | sie ist abrupt | es ist abrupt | sie sind abrupt | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | abrupter | abrupte | abruptes | abrupte |
genitive | abrupten | abrupter | abrupten | abrupter | |
dative | abruptem | abrupter | abruptem | abrupten | |
accusative | abrupten | abrupte | abruptes | abrupte | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der abrupte | die abrupte | das abrupte | die abrupten |
genitive | des abrupten | der abrupten | des abrupten | der abrupten | |
dative | dem abrupten | der abrupten | dem abrupten | den abrupten | |
accusative | den abrupten | die abrupte | das abrupte | die abrupten | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein abrupter | eine abrupte | ein abruptes | (keine) abrupten |
genitive | eines abrupten | einer abrupten | eines abrupten | (keiner) abrupten | |
dative | einem abrupten | einer abrupten | einem abrupten | (keinen) abrupten | |
accusative | einen abrupten | eine abrupte | ein abruptes | (keine) abrupten |
Further reading
editNorwegian Bokmål
editEtymology
editLearned borrowing from Latin abruptus (“broken off, torn; abrupt”).
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editabrupt (neuter singular abrupt, definite singular and plural abrupte, comparative mer abrupt, superlative mest abrupt)
- abrupt (having sudden transitions from one subject or state to another; unconnected; disjointed)
- 1976, Karsten Alnæs, Felttoget, page 14:
- han lignet en vadefugl, ikke bare i skikkelsen, men også gjennom den abrupte rykkende gangen
- he resembled a wader, not only in the figure, but also through the abrupt jerking passage
- 1993, Tor Ulven, Avløsning, page 47:
- i et abrupt glimt husker du … at du en gang sto slik
- in an abrupt glimpse you remember… that you once stood like that
- 2000, Pernille Rygg, Det gyldne snitt:
- ikke gråt, bare et siste, abrupt avklippet ynk
- not crying, just one last, abruptly clipped pity
- 2013, Erik Bjerck Hagen, Livets overskudd, page 107:
- Riis’ abrupte og prekære tilbaketog
- Riis' abrupt and precarious retreat
Derived terms
edit- abrupthet (“abruptness”)
References
editRomanian
editEtymology
editBorrowed from French abrupt, Latin abruptus.
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editabrupt m or n (feminine singular abruptă, masculine plural abrupți, feminine and neuter plural abrupte)
Declension
editsingular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | ||
nominative/ accusative |
indefinite | abrupt | abruptă | abrupți | abrupte | ||
definite | abruptul | abrupta | abrupții | abruptele | |||
genitive/ dative |
indefinite | abrupt | abrupte | abrupți | abrupte | ||
definite | abruptului | abruptei | abrupților | abruptelor |
References
edit- abrupt in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
Swedish
editPronunciation
editAdjective
editabrupt
Declension
editInflection of abrupt | |||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative2 |
Common singular | abrupt | — | — |
Neuter singular | abrupt | — | — |
Plural | abrupta | — | — |
Masculine plural3 | abrupte | — | — |
Definite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
Masculine singular1 | abrupte | — | — |
All | abrupta | — | — |
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. 3) Dated or archaic |
Adverb
editabrupt
Synonyms
edit- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *Hrewp-
- English terms borrowed from Latin
- English terms derived from Latin
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/ʌpt
- Rhymes:English/ʌpt/2 syllables
- English lemmas
- English adjectives
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English terms with rare senses
- English terms with usage examples
- English terms with quotations
- en:Botany
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- English terms with archaic senses
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English poetic terms
- Dutch terms borrowed from French
- Dutch terms derived from French
- Dutch terms derived from Latin
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch adjectives
- French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *Hrewp-
- French terms borrowed from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- French lemmas
- French adjectives
- German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *Hrewp-
- German terms borrowed from Latin
- German terms derived from Latin
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio links
- German lemmas
- German adjectives
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *Hrewp-
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *Hrew-
- Norwegian Bokmål terms borrowed from Latin
- Norwegian Bokmål learned borrowings from Latin
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Latin
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Norwegian Bokmål/ʉpt
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål adjectives
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with usage examples
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with quotations
- Romanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Romanian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *Hrewp-
- Romanian terms borrowed from French
- Romanian terms derived from French
- Romanian terms borrowed from Latin
- Romanian terms derived from Latin
- Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian adjectives
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Swedish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *Hrewp-
- Swedish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Swedish terms with audio links
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish adjectives
- Swedish uncomparable adjectives
- Swedish adverbs