ujuma

Estonian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Uralic *uje-

Proto-Finnic *uidak

Proto-Finnic *-udak

Proto-Finnic *ujudak

Estonian ujuma

From Proto-Finnic *ujudak (*uidak + *-udak), ultimately from Proto-Uralic *uje-.

Phonetically similar stems can be found in Tungusic languages, compare Evenki уюми (ujumi), уюктами (ujuktami, “to swim (of birds)”).

Cognates include Finnish uida, Votic ujjua, Livonian vȯigõ, Võro ujoma, Ingrian uijua, Karelian ujuo, Ludian and Veps ujuda; Northern Sami vuodjat (from Proto-Samic *vuojëtēk); Erzya and Moksha уемс (ujems); Eastern Mari ияш (ijaš), Western Mari илӓш (iläš); Udmurt уяны (ujany), Komi-Zyrian уйны (ujny); Northern Mansi уйгалаӈкве (ujgalaňkwe), Northern Khanty вөщты (wøsjty), Southern Khanty [script needed] (üj-), Hungarian úszik; Tundra Nenets ӈохолась (ŋoxolasʹ°) and Southern Selkup у́ргу.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈujumɑ/, [ˈüjümɑ]
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ujumɑ
Hyphenation: uju‧ma

Verb

ujuma (da-infinitive ujuda) (intransitive)

to swim (to move forward in water without resting on the bottom)
Ma ei oska ujuda. ― I don't know how to swim.

Ujusime üle jõe. ― We swam across the river.

Ära uju kaldast liiga kaugele. ― Don't swim too far from shore.

Suvel käisime iga päev ujumas. ― In the summer we went swimming every day.

Ujub nagu kala. ― (S)he swims like a fish (= is a good swimmer)

Kala ujub uimi liigutades. ― Fish swim by moving their fins.

Merihobuke ujub püstasendis. ― The seahorse swims in an upright position.

Tiigil ujusid luiged. ― Swans were swimming in the pond.

Saarmas ujub ja sukeldub väga hästi. ― Otters swim and dive very well.

Vene kirvest ujuma ― to not be able to swim (literally, “to swim the Russian axe”)
- 1925, Jaan Kärner, „Estonia“ kuuskümmend aastat, Tallinn: T. E. S. Estonia, →ISBN, page 122:
  Üldse aga ei näi sõja ajal draama tõmbawat. Nõutakse naljamängu, janti, operetti, mis laseks paariks tunnikski unustada seisukorra tõsiduse. Sarnasele meeleolule peab teatrijuhatus järele andma juba majanduse pärast Kui ei taheta mängida tühjale majale, ei jää muud üle, kui ujuda periwett ühes publiku maitsetega.
  [Üldse aga ei näi sõja ajal draama tõmbavat. Nõutakse komöödiat, farssi, operetti, mis laseks paariks tunnikski unustada olukorra tõsiduse. Sellisele meeleolule peab teatri juhatus järele andma juba majanduse pärast. Kui ei taheta mängida tühjale majale, ei jää muud üle, kui ujuda pärivett koos publiku maitsega.]
  In general, however, there doesn't seem to be much demand for drama in the wartime. The people demand comedies, farces, operettas, which would make them forget the seriousness of the situation for just a few hours. The theatre management has to give in to this mood for the sake of the economy. If you don't want to play to an empty house, you have no choice but to go with the audience's taste.
to float (to stay on the surface of the water and move a little bit; to be carried by the water current)
Ankrupoi jäi veepinnale ujuma. ― The anchor buoy stayed afloat.

Vees ujus igasugust prahti. ― There was all kinds of debris floating in the water.

ujuvad jäämäed ― floating icebergs

mööda jõge ujuvad jääpangad ― ice banks floating along the river

supis ujuvad lihatükid ― chunks of meat floating in the soup

Mööda jõge ujusid lodjad ja praamid. ― Rafts and barges were floating along the river.
- 1930, Jaan Kärner, chapter 2, in Unustatud Emajõgi, Tartu: Noor-Eesti, →ISBN, page 30:
  Suvel ja sügisel ta sageli sõitis kaasa Peipsile pöörduvate venelastega, kelle pikkamisi pärivett ujuvad lodjad lõhnasid tõrvast, põletatud viinast ja avarusest.
  In summer and autumn, he often travelled with Russians returning to the Peipsi, whose longboats floating with the stream smelled of tar, burnt vodka and vastitude.
to flood, to be drenched (to be full of or overflowing with water or other liquid) [with inessive or (genitive +) sees; or with elative or (genitive +) seest ‘in/with’]
Sügis oli vihmane, teed ujusid porist ja veest. ― It was a rainy autumn, and the roads were flooding in mud and water.

Laud ujus õllest. ― The table is drenched in beer.

Nägu ujub higis. ― Your face is drenched in sweat.

Silmad ujusid pisarais. ― His/her eyes were welling up with tears.

Haavatu ujub veres. ― The wounded person is in a pool of blood.
1. (figuratively) to be rich [with inessive or (genitive +) sees ‘in sth’]
  Saal ujus sadade elektrilampide säras. ― The hall was rich in the glow of hundreds of electric lights.
  
  Linnake ujub roheluses. ― The town is rich in greenery.
  
  See mees ujub raha sees. ― This man is swimming in money.
(figuratively) to float (to move slowly and smoothly)
Kõrgel taevas ujuvad valged pilved. ― White clouds float high in the sky.

Udu ujub üle soo. ― The fog floats across the marsh.

Kuu ujus pilve tagant välja. ― The moon floated out from behind a cloud.

Valssivad paarid ujuvad mööda parketti. ― Waltzing couples float along the parquet floor.

Kõik ujus ta pilgu ees nagu udus. ― Everything was floating in front of his/her eyes like a fog.

Üle tüdruku näo ujus sügav puna. ― A deep blush spread across the girl's face.
- 1956 March 2, Friedebert Tuglas, “Siil [Hedgehog]”, in Sirp ja Vasar [Hammer and Sickle], number 9, page 6:
  Siin armastas Kusta oma karjaga peatuda: ühtlasi mets ja ometi avarustki, rohi paiguti rinnuni, aga loomad siiski näha. Lehmad rohmivad oma pikkade keeltega rohtu, lambad näksivad siit ja sealt ning tallekese pea viskub kepseldes põõsa tagant õhku. Kõikjal silmale-kõrvale rõõmu: rähn täksib kuskil ligidal, kägu häälitseb kajavalt kaugemal, aga kõrgel männilatvade kohal ujub kanakull sinises taevas.
  Kusta loved to stop here with his cattle: it was a forest and yet it was open, the grass was chest-high in places, but you could still see the animals. The cows were munching the grass with their long tongues, the sheep were nibbling here and there, and the head of a lamb was poking up from behind a bush. Everywhere, there's joy for the eyes: a chicken pecks somewhere nearby, a cuckoo calls loudly in the distance, but high above the pine trees a hen-owl flies in the blue sky.
(colloquial, with a particle) to appear, to emerge
Poisid pidasid pidu, kui järsku vanemad sisse ujusid. ― The boys were having a party when suddenly their parents came in.

Pole teda kaua nähtud, kust ta nüüd välja ujus? ― We haven't seen him for a long time, where did he come from now?

Purjus mees ujus tüdrukule külje alla. ― The drunk man wheedled the girl. (literally, “ […] swam under the side of the girl.”)

Sõja ajal ujusid igasugused sulid jälle lagedale. ― During the war, all sorts of crooks reappeared.

Päevavalgele ujusid uued probleemid. ― New problems came to light.
(finance) to float (to freely evolve according to supply and demand)

Conjugation

Conjugation of ujuma (ÕS type 27/elama, no gradation)

indicative
present			perfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	ujun	ei uju	1st sing.	olen ujunud	ei ole ujunud pole ujunud
2nd sing.	ujud		2nd sing.	oled ujunud
3rd sing.	ujub		3rd sing.	on ujunud
1st plur.	ujume		1st plur.	oleme ujunud
2nd plur.	ujute		2nd plur.	olete ujunud
3rd plur.	ujuvad		3rd plur.	on ujunud
impersonal	ujutakse	ei ujuta	impersonal	on ujutud	ei ole ujutud pole ujutud
past			pluperfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	ujusin	ei ujunud	1st sing.	olin ujunud	ei olnud ujunud polnud ujunud
2nd sing.	ujusid		2nd sing.	olid ujunud
3rd sing.	ujus		3rd sing.	oli ujunud
1st plur.	ujusime		1st plur.	olime ujunud
2nd plur.	ujusite		2nd plur.	olite ujunud
3rd plur.	ujusid		3rd plur.	oli ujunud
impersonal	ujuti	ei ujutud	impersonal	oli ujutud	ei olnud ujutud polnud ujutud
conditional
present			perfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	ujuksin	ei ujuks	1st sing.	ujunuksin oleksin ujunud	ei ujunuks ei oleks ujunud poleks ujunud
2nd sing.	ujuksid		2nd sing.	ujunuksid oleksid ujunud
3rd sing.	ujuks		3rd sing.	ujunuks oleks ujunud
1st plur.	ujuksime		1st plur.	ujunuksime oleksime ujunud
2nd plur.	ujuksite		2nd plur.	ujunuksite oleksite ujunud
3rd plur.	ujuksid		3rd plur.	ujunuksid oleksid ujunud
impersonal	ujutaks	ei ujutaks	impersonal	oleks ujutud	ei oleks ujutud poleks ujutud
imperative
present			perfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	—	—	1st sing.	—	—
2nd sing.	uju	ära uju	2nd sing.	ole ujunud	ära ole ujunud
3rd sing.	ujugu	ärgu ujugu	3rd sing.	olgu ujunud	ärgu olgu ujunud
1st plur.	ujugem	ärme ujume ärme uju ärgem ujugem	1st plur.	olgem ujunud	ärme oleme ujunud ärme ole ujunud ärgem olgem ujunud
2nd plur.	ujuge	ärge ujuge	2nd plur.	olge ujunud	ärge olge ujunud
3rd plur.	ujugu	ärgu ujugu	3rd plur.	olgu ujunud	ärgu olgu ujunud
impersonal	ujutagu	ärgu ujutagu	impersonal	olgu ujutud	ärgu olgu ujutud
quotative
present			perfect
voice	positive	negative	voice	positive	negative
active	ujuvat	ei ujuvat	active	olevat ujunud	ei olevat ujunud polevat ujunud
passive	ujutavat	ei ujutavat	passive	olevat ujutud	ei olevat ujutud polevat ujutud
Nominal forms
ma-infinitive	active	passive	da-infinitive	present	past
nominative	ujuma	ujutama	nominative	ujuda	olla ujunud
illative	ujuma	—	inessive	ujudes	olles ujunud
inessive	ujumas		participle	active	passive
elative	ujumast		present	ujuv	ujutav
translative	ujumaks		past	ujunud	ujutud
abessive	ujumata		negative	ujumatu	—

Derived terms

nouns

verbs

ujutama

Compounds

Related terms

References

ujuma in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
“ujuma”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009