weal

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: wēl, IPA^(key): /wiːl/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• (General American) IPA^(key): /wil/
• Homophones: we'll, wheal, wheel (wine–whine merger)
• Rhymes: -iːl

Etymology 1

From Middle English wele, from Old English wela (“wellness, welfare, prosperity, riches, well-being, wealth”), from Proto-West Germanic *welō, from Proto-Germanic *walô (“well-being, wellness, weal”). Cognate with German Wohl, Danish vel, Swedish väl.

Noun

weal (uncountable)

1. (obsolete) Wealth, riches. [10th–19th c.]
2. (literary) Welfare, prosperity. [from 10th c.]
   • 1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “New Atlantis. A Worke Vnfinished.”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC, page 7:

     Therefore for Gods loue, and as we loue the weale of our Soules and Bodies, let us ſo behaue our ſelues, as we may be at peace with God, and may finde grace in the Eyes of this People.

   • 1667, John Milton, “Book VIII”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 132–133:

     For whom all this was made, all this will ſoon / Follow, as to him linkt in weal or woe, [...]

   • 1919, Stanley J. Weyman, “XIII. Peter Pauper”, in The Great House:

     It seemed so plain that if the workman had his master’s profit at heart, and the master were as anxious for the weal of his men, the interests of the two would be one.

3. (by extension) Boon, benefit.
   • 1885, Richard F. Burton, The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night, Night 557:

     And indeed I blamed myself and sore repented me of having taken compassion on him and continued in this condition, suffering fatigue not to be described, till I said to myself, "I wrought him a weal and he requited me with my ill; by Allah, never more will I do any man a service so long as I live!"

4. Specifically, the general happiness of a community, country etc. (often with qualifying word). [from 15th c.]
   • 1849, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter IV, in The History of England from the Accession of James II, volume I, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, page 515:

     Yet never was there a time when it more concerned the public weal, that the character of the parliament should stand high.

   • 1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter IV, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:

     The austerity of my tone seemed to touch a nerve and kindle the fire that always slept in this vermilion-headed menace to the common weal [...]

   • 2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin, published 2003, page 372:

     Louis could aim to restyle himself the first among citizens, viewing virtuous attachment to the public weal as his most important kingly duty.

Derived terms

• commonweal
• in weal and woe
• wealful
• wealsman
• wealth
• weal-public

Related terms

• in weal or woe

Translations

community welfare

• Bulgarian: благоденствие (bg) n (blagodenstvie)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 幸福こうふく (zh) (xìngfú), 福利ふくり (zh) (fúlì)

• Finnish: hyvinvointi (fi), hyvä (fi)
• Plautdietsch: Wool n
• Russian: благосостоя́ние (ru) n (blagosostojánije), бла́го (ru) n (blágo)
• Spanish: bien común m
• Swedish: väl (sv) n, välstånd (sv) n
• Turkish: gönenç (tr)

Etymology 2

See wale.

Noun

weal (plural weals)

1. A raised, longitudinal wound, usually purple, on the surface of flesh caused by a stroke of a rod or whip; a welt.

   Synonym: wheal

   • 1796, J[ohn] G[abriel] Stedman, chapter XII, in Narrative of a Five Years’ Expedition against the Revolted Negroes of Surinam, in Guiana, on the Wild Coast of South America; […], volume I, London: J[oseph] Johnson, […], and J. Edwards, […], →OCLC, page 296:

     [A]lthough a few [slaves] live comfortably at Paramaribo, the greateſt number are wretched, particularly thoſe governed by a lady, who have many weals to ſhow, but not the ſmallest indulgence to boaſt of.

   • 1892, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “[The Great Shadow] The End of the Storm”, in The Great Shadow and Beyond the City, Bristol: J. W. Arrowsmith, […]; London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co., →OCLC, pages 140–141:

     He turned as I struck him and fired full into my face, and the bullet left a weal across my cheek which will mark me to my dying day.

   • 1958, T. H. White, chapter 16, in The Once and Future King, London: Collins, published 1959:

     He had been slashed sixteen times by mighty boars, and his legs had white weals of shiny flesh that stretched right up to his ribs.

   • 2007, Tan Twan Eng, The Gift of Rain‎^[1], New York: Weinstein Books, Book Two, Chapter Twenty-One, p. 422:

     And I saw the green island in the immense sea, the borders of the sea curling with a lining of light, like a vast piece of rice paper, its edges alive with weals of red embers, ready to burst into flame.

Translations

a raised, longitudinal wound, usually purple, on the surface of flesh caused by stroke of rod or whip

• Czech: šlinc (cs) m, šlehanec m, šrám m
• Dutch: striem (nl) f
• German: Strieme f
• Greek:

  Ancient: μώλωψ m (mṓlōps), σしぐまμみゅーῶδでるたιいおたξくしー f (smôdix)

• Irish: léas
• Italian: pomfo (it)
• Latin: vībex f
• Maori: kārawarawa
• Polish: szrama (pl) f, pręga (pl)
• Russian: рубе́ц (ru) m (rubéc)
• Spanish: roncha (es) f

Verb

weal (third-person singular simple present weals, present participle wealing, simple past and past participle wealed)

1. To mark with stripes; to wale.

Anagrams

• alew, e-law, lawe, wale

Old English

Noun

weal m

1. Alternative form of wealh
2. Alternative form of weall