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The '''executive''', also referred to as the '''executive branch''' or '''executive power''', is the term commonly used to describe that part of [[government]] which executes the [[law]]. |
The '''executive''', also referred to as the '''executive branch''' or '''executive power''', is the term commonly used to describe that part of [[government]] which executes the [[law]]. |
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== Function == |
== Function == |
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| ⚫ | The scope of executive power varies greatly depending on the political context in which it emerges, and it can change over time in a given country. In democratic countries, the executive often exercises broad influence over national politics, though limitations are often applied to the executive.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Martinez |first=Jenny S. |date=2006 |title=Inherent Executive Power: A Comparative Perspective |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20455703 |journal=The Yale Law Journal |volume=115 |issue=9 |pages=2480–2511 |doi=10.2307/20455703 |jstor=20455703 |issn=0044-0094 |access-date=2022-12-30 |archive-date=2022-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230180659/https://www.jstor.org/stable/20455703 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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executive head [Head of president usa] |
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| ⚫ | The scope of executive power |
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In [[political system]]s based on the [[separation of powers]], such as the [[United States|US]], government [[authority]] is |
In [[political system]]s based on the [[separation of powers]], such as the [[United States|US]], government [[authority]] is distributed between several branches in order to prevent power being concentrated in the hands of a single person or group. To achieve this, each branch is subject to checks by the other two; in general, the role of the [[legislature]] is to pass laws, which are then enforced by the executive, and interpreted by the [[judiciary]]. The executive can also be the source of certain types of law, such as a [[decree]] or [[executive order]]. |
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In those that use [[ |
In those that use [[fusion of power]]s, typically [[parliamentary system]]s, the executive forms the government, and its members generally belong to the political party that controls the legislature or "[[parliament]]". Since the executive requires the support or approval of the legislature, the two bodies are "fused" together, rather than being independent. The principle of [[parliamentary sovereignty]] means powers possessed by the executive are solely dependent on those granted by the legislature, which can also subject its actions to judicial review. However, the executive often has wide-ranging powers stemming from the control of the government [[bureaucracy]], especially in the areas of overall [[Economic policy|economic]] or [[foreign policy]]. |
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used" together, rather than being independent. The principle of [[parliamentary sovereignty]] means powers possessed by the executive are solely dependent on those granted by the legislature, which can also subject its not any actions to judicial review. However, the executive often has wide-ranging powers stemming from the control of the government [[bureaucracy]], especially in the areas of overall [[Economic policy|economic]] or [[foreign policy]].[Home president Role]Followed all International Governance |
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==Ministers== |
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Executive President Head of United States of America,presidentofLower House ==Ministers==Must be followed executive Head ,who make the low,and Government |
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[[File: |
[[File:Vanhasen II hallitus.JPG|thumb|right|200px|[[Vanhanen II Cabinet]] in a session of [[Parliament of Finland|Finnish Parliament]] in 2007.]] |
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In [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]] systems, the executive is [[Motion of |
In [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]] systems, the executive is [[Motion of no confidence|responsible]] to the elected legislature, i.e. must maintain the confidence of the legislature (or one part of it, if bicameral). In certain circumstances (varying by state), the legislature can express its lack of confidence in the executive, which causes either a change in governing party or group of parties or a general election. Parliamentary systems have a head of government (who leads the executive, often called [[Minister (government)|ministers]]) normally distinct from the head of state (who continues through governmental and electoral changes). In the [[Westminster system|Westminster type of parliamentary system]], the principle of separation of powers is not as entrenched as in some others. Members of the executive ([[Minister (government)|ministers]]), are also members of the legislature, and hence play an important part in both the writing and enforcing of law. In [[presidential system]]s, the directly elected head of government appoints the ministers. The ministers can be directly elected by the voters.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Buchs |first1=Aurélia |last2=Soguel |first2=Nils |date=2022-04-01 |title=Fiscal performance and the re-election of finance ministers–evidence from the Swiss cantons |journal=Public Choice |language=en |volume=191 |issue=1 |pages=31–49 |doi=10.1007/s11127-021-00949-z |s2cid=246371550 |issn=1573-7101|doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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In this context, the executive consists of a leader or leader of an office or multiple offices. Specifically, the top leadership roles of the executive branch may include: |
In this context, the executive consists of a leader or leader of an office or multiple offices. Specifically, the top leadership roles of the executive branch may include: |
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* [[head of |
* [[head of state]] – often the [[monarch]], the [[President (government title)|president]] or the [[supreme leader]], the chief public representative and living symbol of national unity. |
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** [[head of government]] – often the [[ |
** [[head of government]] – often the [[prime minister]], overseeing the [[Administration (government)|administration]] of all affairs of state. |
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And Head of prime minister]], overseeing the [[Administration (government)|administration]] of all affairs of state. |
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*** [[defence minister]] – overseeing the [[armed forces]], determining military policy, and managing external safety. |
*** [[defence minister]] – overseeing the [[armed forces]], determining military policy, and managing external safety. |
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*** [[interior minister]] – overseeing the [[police forces]], |
*** [[interior minister]] – overseeing the [[police forces]], enforcing the law, and managing internal control. |
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*** [[foreign minister]] – overseeing the [[diplomatic service]], determining [[foreign policy]] and managing [[foreign relations]]. |
*** [[foreign minister]] – overseeing the [[diplomatic service]], determining [[foreign policy]] and managing [[foreign relations]]. |
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*** [[finance minister |
*** [[finance minister]] – overseeing the treasury, determining [[fiscal policy]] and managing [[national budget]]. |
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*** [[justice minister]] – overseeing criminal prosecutions, corrections, enforcement of court orders. |
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*** [[justice ministers Followed Executive action and order ]] – overseeing executive prosecutions Immediately Sent seneta [Meet Her President], corrections, Order of privet Low ,International Low,court orders.{This summary is confidential information 》Never text or Change Any other Government, Must be Followed This Rule][Any Government Trying To Change The summery,Pust Be Punishment, And Cut Her Reserve System Avobe the country's 60%Gdp ] |
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==Presidents and ministers== |
==Presidents and ministers== |
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The executive, also referred to as the executive branch or executive power, is the term commonly used to describe that part of government which executes the law.
Function
The scope of executive power varies greatly depending on the political context in which it emerges, and it can change over time in a given country. In democratic countries, the executive often exercises broad influence over national politics, though limitations are often applied to the executive.[1]
In political systems based on the separation of powers, such as the US, government authority is distributed between several branches in order to prevent power being concentrated in the hands of a single person or group. To achieve this, each branch is subject to checks by the other two; in general, the role of the legislature is to pass laws, which are then enforced by the executive, and interpreted by the judiciary. The executive can also be the source of certain types of law, such as a decree or executive order.
In those that use fusion of powers, typically parliamentary systems, the executive forms the government, and its members generally belong to the political party that controls the legislature or "parliament". Since the executive requires the support or approval of the legislature, the two bodies are "fused" together, rather than being independent. The principle of parliamentary sovereignty means powers possessed by the executive are solely dependent on those granted by the legislature, which can also subject its actions to judicial review. However, the executive often has wide-ranging powers stemming from the control of the government bureaucracy, especially in the areas of overall economic or foreign policy.
Ministers
In parliamentary systems, the executive is responsible to the elected legislature, i.e. must maintain the confidence of the legislature (or one part of it, if bicameral). In certain circumstances (varying by state), the legislature can express its lack of confidence in the executive, which causes either a change in governing party or group of parties or a general election. Parliamentary systems have a head of government (who leads the executive, often called ministers) normally distinct from the head of state (who continues through governmental and electoral changes). In the Westminster type of parliamentary system, the principle of separation of powers is not as entrenched as in some others. Members of the executive (ministers), are also members of the legislature, and hence play an important part in both the writing and enforcing of law. In presidential systems, the directly elected head of government appoints the ministers. The ministers can be directly elected by the voters.[2]
In this context, the executive consists of a leader or leader of an office or multiple offices. Specifically, the top leadership roles of the executive branch may include:
- head of state – often the monarch, the president or the supreme leader, the chief public representative and living symbol of national unity.
- head of government – often the prime minister, overseeing the administration of all affairs of state.
- defence minister – overseeing the armed forces, determining military policy, and managing external safety.
- interior minister – overseeing the police forces, enforcing the law, and managing internal control.
- foreign minister – overseeing the diplomatic service, determining foreign policy and managing foreign relations.
- finance minister – overseeing the treasury, determining fiscal policy and managing national budget.
- justice minister – overseeing criminal prosecutions, corrections, enforcement of court orders.
- head of government – often the prime minister, overseeing the administration of all affairs of state.
Presidents and ministers
In a presidential system, the leader of the executive is both the head of state and government.[3]
In a parliamentary system, a cabinet minister responsible to the legislature is the head of government, while the head of state is usually a largely ceremonial monarch or president.[4]
See also
References
- ^ Martinez, Jenny S. (2006). "Inherent Executive Power: A Comparative Perspective". The Yale Law Journal. 115 (9): 2480–2511. doi:10.2307/20455703. ISSN 0044-0094. JSTOR 20455703. Archived from the original on 2022-12-30. Retrieved 2022-12-30.
- ^ Buchs, Aurélia; Soguel, Nils (2022-04-01). "Fiscal performance and the re-election of finance ministers–evidence from the Swiss cantons". Public Choice. 191 (1): 31–49. doi:10.1007/s11127-021-00949-z. ISSN 1573-7101. S2CID 246371550.
- ^ "The Executive Branch". The White House. Archived from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ^ "Executive Branch of Government in Canada". Parliament of Canada. Archived from the original on 2 May 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
