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== In religion ==
== In religion ==
*

=== Number of the beast ===
[[Image:DVinfernoLuciferKingOfHell m.jpg|thumb|666 is often associated with the [[devil]], who is illustrated here in an engraved interpretation by [[Gustave Doré]].]]
{{Main|Number of the beast}}
In the ''[[Textus Receptus]]'' manuscripts of the [[New Testament]], the [[Book of Revelation]] ({{bibleverse-nb||Revelation|13:17–18|}}) cryptically asserts 666 to be "the man's number" or "the number of a man" (depending on how the text is translated) associated with [[The Beast (Revelation)|the Beast]], an antagonistic creature that appears briefly about two-thirds into the apocalyptic vision. Some manuscripts{{Which|date=May 2019}} of the original [[Koine Greek]] use the symbols χξϛ [[chi (letter)|chi]] [[xi (letter)|xi]] [[Stigma (letter)|stigma]] (or χξϝ with a [[digamma]]), while other manuscripts spell out the number in words.<ref name="gateway-stephanus">{{cite web|url=http://biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation%2013:18;&version=69;|title=Revelation 13:18|work=Stephanus New Testament|publisher=Bible Gateway|access-date=2006-06-22}}</ref>

In modern popular culture, 666 has become one of the most widely recognized symbols for the [[Antichrist]] or, alternatively, the [[Devil in Christianity|devil]]. Earnest references to the number occur both among [[apocalypticism|apocalypticist]] Christian groups and in explicitly anti-Christian subcultures.
References in contemporary Western art or literature are, more likely than not, intentional references to ''the Beast'' symbolism. Such popular references are therefore too numerous to list.

It is common to see the symbolic role of the [[integer]] 666 transferred to the [[numerical digit]] sequence 6-6-6. Some people take the Satanic associations of 666 so seriously that they actively avoid things related to 666 or the digits 6-6-6. This is known as [[hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia]].

The Number of the Beast is cited as [[616 (number)#The Number of the Beast|616]] in some early biblical manuscripts, the earliest known instance being in [[Papyrus 115]].<ref>''[[Novum Testamentum Graece]]'', Nestle and Aland, 1991, footnote to verse 13:18 of Revelation, page 659: "{{lang|grc|-σιοι δέκα ἕξくしー}}" as found in ''C'' [''C''=[[Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus]]]; for English see Metzger's ''Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament'', note on verse 13:18 of Revelation, page 750: "the numeral 616 was also read ..."</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.csad.ox.ac.uk/POxy/beast616.htm|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20000301070625/http://www.csad.ox.ac.uk/POxy/beast616.htm|archive-date=2000-03-01|url-status=dead|title=The Other Number of the Beast}}</ref>

=== Other occurrences ===
* In the [[Bible]], 666 is the number of [[wiktionary:talent#Noun|talents]] of gold [[Solomon]] collected each year (see {{bibleverse|1|Kings|10:14}} and {{bibleverse|2|Chronicles|9:13}}).
* In the Bible, 666 is the number of [[Adonikam]]'s descendants who return to [[Jerusalem]] and [[Judea|Judah]] from the [[Babylonian captivity|Babylonian]] exile (see {{bibleverse||Ezra|2:13}}).
* Using [[gematria]], [[Number of the beast#Nero|Neron Caesar]] transliterated from Greek into Hebrew short-form spelling, '''נרון קסר''', produces the number 666. The Latin spelling of "Nero Caesar" transliterated into [[Ktiv haser]] Hebrew, '''נרו קסר''', produces the number 616. Thus, in the Bible, 666 may have been a coded reference to [[Nero]], who was the [[Roman emperor]] from 55 to 68 AD.<ref name="numberphile">{{Cite web |url=http://www.numberphile.com/videos/666.html |title=666 – professors explain Roulette and Nero in detail; numberphile.com |access-date=2013-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331120143/http://numberphile.com/videos/666.html |archive-date=2013-03-31 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Though historic protestants such as Andreas Helwig in 1612 proposed the application of the [[Isopsephy]] principle to the papal name [[Vicarius Filii Dei]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Helwig |first=Andreas |url=http://archive.org/details/antichristusromanus |title=Antichristus Romanus |date=1512 |publisher=VVttenbergae, Typis Laurentij Seuberlichs}}</ref>


== In other fields ==
== In other fields ==
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* ''[[The Number of the Beast (album)|The Number of the Beast]]'', the 1982 album by English [[heavy metal music|heavy metal]] band [[Iron Maiden]], references 666 in its title and [[The Number of the Beast (song)|the album's title song]].
* ''[[The Number of the Beast (album)|The Number of the Beast]]'', the 1982 album by English [[heavy metal music|heavy metal]] band [[Iron Maiden]], references 666 in its title and [[The Number of the Beast (song)|the album's title song]].
* Is the magic sum, or sum of the [[magic constant]]s of a six by six [[magic square]], any row or column of which adds up to 111.
* Is the magic sum, or sum of the [[magic constant]]s of a six by six [[magic square]], any row or column of which adds up to 111.
* Is the sum of all the numbers on a [[roulette]] wheel (0 through 36).<ref name="numberphile"/> This is a [[corollary]] of the fact that the number is a [[Triangular number]], as mentioned earlier.
* Is the sum of all the numbers on a [[roulette]] wheel (0 through 36).<ref name="numberphile">{{Cite web |title=666 – professors explain Roulette and Nero in detail; numberphile.com |url=http://www.numberphile.com/videos/666.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331120143/http://numberphile.com/videos/666.html |archive-date=2013-03-31 |access-date=2013-04-06}}</ref> This is a [[corollary]] of the fact that the number is a [[Triangular number]], as mentioned earlier.
* Was a winning lottery number in the [[1980 Pennsylvania Lottery scandal]], in which equipment was tampered to favor a [[4 (number)|4]] or [[6 (number)|6]] as each of the three individual random digits.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Baer|first=John|date=1980-09-20|title=Six Won $1.2 Million in Rigged Lottery, Pa. Says|language=en-US|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/09/20/six-won-12-million-in-rigged-lottery-pa-says/f08e7f6e-577e-4a4e-8f4d-3862d80e9f17/|access-date=2021-03-18|issn=0190-8286}}</ref>
* Was a winning lottery number in the [[1980 Pennsylvania Lottery scandal]], in which equipment was tampered to favor a [[4 (number)|4]] or [[6 (number)|6]] as each of the three individual random digits.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Baer|first=John|date=1980-09-20|title=Six Won $1.2 Million in Rigged Lottery, Pa. Says|language=en-US|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/09/20/six-won-12-million-in-rigged-lottery-pa-says/f08e7f6e-577e-4a4e-8f4d-3862d80e9f17/|access-date=2021-03-18|issn=0190-8286}}</ref>
* Was the original name of the Macintosh [[SevenDust (computer virus)|SevenDust]] computer virus that was discovered in 1998.{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}} It is also the name of an extension that SevenDust can add to an uninfected Macintosh.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Detailed Analysis - Mac/Sevendust-A - Viruses and Spyware - Advanced Network Threat Protection {{!}} ATP from Targeted Malware Attacks and Persistent Threats {{!}} sophos.com - Threat Center|url=https://www.sophos.com/en-us/threat-center/threat-analyses/viruses-and-spyware/Mac~Sevendust-A/detailed-analysis.aspx|access-date=2022-01-24|website=www.sophos.com}}</ref>
* Was the original name of the Macintosh [[SevenDust (computer virus)|SevenDust]] computer virus that was discovered in 1998.{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}} It is also the name of an extension that SevenDust can add to an uninfected Macintosh.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Detailed Analysis - Mac/Sevendust-A - Viruses and Spyware - Advanced Network Threat Protection {{!}} ATP from Targeted Malware Attacks and Persistent Threats {{!}} sophos.com - Threat Center|url=https://www.sophos.com/en-us/threat-center/threat-analyses/viruses-and-spyware/Mac~Sevendust-A/detailed-analysis.aspx|access-date=2022-01-24|website=www.sophos.com}}</ref>

Revision as of 04:37, 17 May 2024

This article is about the numerical value. For the year 666 AD, see AD 666. For other uses, see 666 (disambiguation).
"1010011010" redirects here. For the song, see 1010011010 (Cog song).
← 665 666 667 →
Cardinalsix hundred sixty-six
Ordinal666th
(six hundred sixty-sixth)
Factorization2 × 32 × 37
Divisors1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18, 37, 74, 111, 222, 333, 666
Greek numeralΧΞϚ´
Roman numeralDCLXVI
Greek prefixἑξακόσιοι ἑξήκοντα ἕξくしー
hexakósioi hexēkonta héx
Latin prefixsescenti sexaginta sex
Binary10100110102
Ternary2202003
Senary30306
Octal12328
Duodecimal47612
Hexadecimal29A16
Chinese numeral六ろく百ひゃく六ろく十じゅう六ろく
Devanagari numeral६६६

666 (six hundred [and] sixty-six) is the natural number following 665 and preceding 667.

In Christianity, 666 is referred to in (most manuscripts of) chapter 13 of the Book of Revelation of the New Testament as the "number of the beast."[1][2][3]

In mathematics

666 is the sum of the first thirty-six natural numbers, which makes it a triangular number:[4]

.

Since 36 is also triangular, 666 is a doubly triangular number.[5] Also, 36 = 15 + 21 where 15 and 21 are triangular as well, whose squares (152 = 225 and 212 = 441) add to 666 and have a difference of 216 = 6 × 6 × 6.

The number of integers which are relatively prime to 666 is also 216, ;[6] and for an angle measured in degrees, (where here is the golden ratio).[7][8][a]

666 is also the sum of the squares of the first seven primes (22 + 32 + 52 + 72 + 112 + 132 + 172),[7][10] while the number of twin primes less than 66 + 666 is 666.[11]

A prime reciprocal magic square based on in decimal has a magic constant of 666. The twelfth pair of twin primes is (149, 151),[12] with 151 the thirty-sixth prime number.[b]

666 is a Smith number and Harshad number in base ten.[13][14] The 27th indexed unique prime in decimal features a "666" in the middle of its sequence of digits.[15][c]

The Roman numeral for 666, DCLXVI, has exactly one occurrence of all symbols whose value is less than 1000 in decreasing order (D = 500, C = 100, L = 50, X = 10, V = 5, I = 1).[7]

In religion

In other fields

A 666 float in a Paris street parade

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Other relevant trigonometric equalities include:[9]
    • sin(6°) − sin(66°) = sin(666°),
    • cos(6°) − cos(66°) = cos(666°), and
    • tan(666°) × tan(216) = −1.
    Where, sin(666°) = cos(216)° = −φふぁい/2, also equivalently −cos(36°).
  2. ^ 149 and 151 also generate a twin-prime sum equal to 300, which is the 24th triangular number.
  3. ^ It is the number 11110...109877666779011...011111 (241 digits long), with an equal amount of digits (119) that precede and follow a central 666 string (that also contains all sixes in the number). It is the twenty-seventh indexed member within the sequence of unique primes (where 33 = 27).

References

  1. ^ Revelation 13
  2. ^ Beale, Gregory K. (1999). The Book of Revelation: A Commentary on the Greek Text. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 718. ISBN 080282174X. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
  3. ^ "The Numerology of the Beast". people.math.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2021-03-30.
  4. ^ Sloane, N. J. A. (ed.). "Sequence A000217 (Triangular numbers)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2023-07-11.
  5. ^ Sloane, N. J. A. (ed.). "Sequence A002817 (Doubly triangular numbers)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2023-07-11.
  6. ^ Sloane, N. J. A. (ed.). "Sequence A000010 (Euler totient function phi(n): count numbers less than or equal to n and prime to n.)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2023-07-11.
  7. ^ a b c Wells, D. (1987). The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers. London: Penguin Books. pp. 145–146. ISBN 0-14-008029-5. OCLC 39262447. S2CID 118329153.
  8. ^ Wang, Steve C. (1994). "The Sign of the Devil...and the Sine of the Devil" (PDF). Journal of Recreational Mathematics. 26 (3). Baywood Publishing: 201–205. ISSN 0022-412X. OCLC 938842643. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-07-12.
  9. ^ Bogomolny, Alexander. "Beauty and the Beast - in Trigonometry". Cut The Knot (Interactive Mathematics Miscellany and Puzzles). Archived from the original on 2023-07-12. Retrieved 2023-07-11.
  10. ^ Sloane, N. J. A. (ed.). "Sequence A024450 (Sum of squares of the first n primes.)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2023-07-12.
  11. ^ Caldwell, Chris K.; Honaker, Jr., G. L. "666". PrimeCurios!. PrimePages. Retrieved 2023-07-12.
    66 + 666 = 47322, and the 666th pair of twin primes is (47147, 47149).
  12. ^ Sloane, N. J. A. (ed.). "Sequence A077800 (List of twin primes {p, p+2}.)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2023-07-11.
  13. ^ Sloane, N. J. A. (ed.). "Sequence A006753 (Smith (or joke) numbers: composite numbers n such that sum of digits of n is equal to the sum of digits of prime factors of n (counted with multiplicity).)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2023-07-11.
  14. ^ Sloane, N. J. A. (ed.). "Sequence A005349 (Niven (or Harshad, or harshad) numbers: numbers that are divisible by the sum of their digits.)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2023-07-12.
  15. ^ Sloane, N. J. A. (ed.). "Sequence A040017 (Prime 3 followed by unique period primes (the period r of 1/p is not shared with any other prime))". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2023-07-11.
  16. ^ "666 – professors explain Roulette and Nero in detail; numberphile.com". Archived from the original on 2013-03-31. Retrieved 2013-04-06.
  17. ^ Baer, John (1980-09-20). "Six Won $1.2 Million in Rigged Lottery, Pa. Says". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2021-03-18.
  18. ^ "Detailed Analysis - Mac/Sevendust-A - Viruses and Spyware - Advanced Network Threat Protection | ATP from Targeted Malware Attacks and Persistent Threats | sophos.com - Threat Center". www.sophos.com. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  19. ^ Brook, John Lee (June 2011). Blood In, Blood Out: The Violent Empire of the Aryan Brotherhood. SCB Distributors. ISBN 978-1-900486-80-4. OCLC 793002272. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
  20. ^ "Aleister Crowley | Biography, Teachings, Reputation, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  21. ^ Mah, Adeline Yen (2009). China: Land of Dragons and Emperors. Random House Children's Books. ISBN 978-0375890994. Retrieved 2013-12-07.
  22. ^ "Know the Meaning of Numbers in Chinese Culture". au.ibtimes.com. Archived from the original on 2014-11-08. Retrieved 2014-10-30.
  23. ^ "666 – Good day, bad day or just another day?". www.newsgd.com. Retrieved 2014-10-30.
  24. ^ RFC 7999
  25. ^ "What you need to know about 666 Fifth Avenue". www.cbsnews.com. 19 June 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-29.

External links


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