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Bugula: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Genus of moss animals}}
{{italic title}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Taxobox
| image = File:Diaphorodoris papillata Portmann & Sandmeier, 1960.jpg
| image = Diaphorodoris papillata Portmann & Sandmeier, 1960.jpg
| image_caption = The nudibranch ''Diaphorodoris papillata'' <small>Portmann & Sandmeier, 1960</small> feeding on ''Bugula neritina'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
| image_caption = The nudibranch ''Diaphorodoris papillata'' <small>Portmann & Sandmeier, 1960</small> feeding on ''Bugula neritina'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| taxon = Bugula
| phylum = [[Bryozoa]]
| authority = ([[Lorenz Oken|Oken]], 1815)
| classis = [[Gymnolaemata]]
| ordo = [[Cheilostomata]]
| familia = [[Bugulidae]]
| genus = '''''Bugula'''''
| genus_authority = ([[Lorenz Oken|Oken]], 1815)
}}
}}


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==Distribution==
==Distribution==
The native distribution of ''Bugula neritina'' is presumed to be tropical and subtropical waters; however it has become widespread globally due to attachment to the hulls of vessels.<ref name=Exoticsguide /> It is considered an invasive species in some countries.
The native distribution of ''Bugula neritina'' is presumed to be tropical and subtropical waters; however, it has become widespread globally due to attachment to the hulls of vessels.<ref name=Exoticsguide /> It is considered an invasive species in some countries.


==''Bugula neritina''==
==''Bugula neritina''==
{{main|Bugula neritina}}
{{main|Bugula neritina}}
'''''Bugula neritina''''' attracted interest as a source of cytotoxic chemicals, [[bryostatin]]s, under clinical investigation as anti-cancer agents. In 2001 pharmaceutical company [[GPC Biotech]] licensed Bryostatin 1 from [[Arizona State University]] for commercial development as a treatment for [[cancer]]. GPC Biotech canceled development in 2003, saying that Bryostatin 1 showed little effectiveness and some toxic side-effects.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marinebiotech.org/bryostatin.html|title=Bryostatin 1|date=19 June 2006|accessdate=2009-08-20}}</ref>
'''''Bugula neritina''''' attracted interest as a source of cytotoxic chemicals, [[bryostatin]]s, under clinical investigation as anti-cancer agents. It was first collected and provided to JL Hartwell's anticancer drug discovery group at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) by [[Jack Rudloe]].<ref>Harford, B [https://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/89/8943cover.html The Bryostatins’ Tale] Chemical and Engineering News, Vol 89, No 43 PP. 10 - 17 Oct 24, 2011 accessed Dec 19, 2017</ref> In 2001 pharmaceutical company [[GPC Biotech]] licensed Bryostatin 1 from [[Arizona State University]] for commercial development as a treatment for [[cancer]]. GPC Biotech canceled development in 2003, saying that Bryostatin 1 showed little effectiveness and some toxic side-effects.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marinebiotech.org/bryostatin.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070509175548/http://www.marinebiotech.org/bryostatin.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 May 2007|title=Bryostatin 1|date=19 June 2006|accessdate=2009-08-20}}</ref> More recent work shows it has positive effects on cognition in sufferers of [[Alzheimers]] with few side effects.<ref>Nelsen et al., JT [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5438479/ Bryostatin Effects on Cognitive Function and PKCɛ in Alzheimer's Disease Phase IIa and Expanded Access Trials] J Alzheimers Dis. 2017; 58(2): 521–535. Accessed Dec 27, 2017</ref>


==Other uses==
==Other uses==
Dried ''Bugula'' are commonly used as decorations:
Dried ''Bugula'' are commonly used as decorations:
<blockquote>"'''Air fern'''", the so-called everlasting plant that supposedly absorbs from air all the moisture it needs to live, is commonly dried colonies of the bryozoan ''Bugula'' that have been artificially coloured.<ref name="IBA page">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/iba/pages/bryozoa.html |title=The Bryozoa |accessdate=2007-02-17 |publisher=International Bryozoology Association |author=Frank K. McKinney |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061213140934/http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/iba/pages/bryozoa.html |archivedate=2006-12-13 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote>"'''Air fern'''", the so-called everlasting plant that supposedly absorbs from air all the moisture it needs to live, is commonly dried colonies of the bryozoan ''Bugula'' that have been artificially coloured.<ref name="IBA page">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/iba/pages/bryozoa.html |title=The Bryozoa |accessdate=2007-02-17 |publisher=International Bryozoology Association |author=Frank K. McKinney |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061213140934/http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/iba/pages/bryozoa.html |archivedate=2006-12-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref></blockquote>


However, it should be noted that ''[[Sertularia argentea]]'' are also sold as "[[air fern]]s."<ref name="Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland - Cnidaria">{{Cite web|url=http://www.habitas.org.uk/marinelife/index.html|title=Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland - Cnidaria|accessdate=2007-02-19|publisher=habitas.org.uk}}</ref>
However, ''[[Sertularia argentea]]'' are also sold as "[[air fern]]s."<ref name="Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland">
Picton, B.E. & Morrow, C.C. (2016). [http://www.habitas.org.uk/marinelife/species.asp?item=D6760 ''Sertularia argentea'' Linnaeus, 1758.] <nowiki>[In]</nowiki> Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland. Accessed on 2020-01-11.</ref>


==Species==
==Species==
{{div col|cols=3}}
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* ''[[Bugula alba]]'' Vieira, Winston & Fehlauer-Ale, 2012
* ''[[Bugula alba]]'' Vieira, Winston & Fehlauer-Ale, 2012
* ''[[Bugula apsteini]]'' Hasenbank, 1932
* ''[[Bugula apsteini]]'' Hasenbank, 1932
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==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
* Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). ''European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification.'' Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp.&nbsp;325–333
* Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). ''European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification.'' Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp.&nbsp;325–333
* [http://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1111%2Fzsc.12103?r3_referer=wol&tracking_action=preview_click&show_checkout=1&purchase_referrer=onlinelibrary.wiley.com&purchase_site_license=LICENSE_DENIED Fehlauer-Ale, Karin H., Winston, Judith E., Tilbrook, Kevin J., Nascimento, Karine B. & Vieira, Leandro M. (2015). ''Identifying monophyletic groups within Bugula sensu lato (Bryozoa, Buguloidea).'' Zoologica Scripta]
* [http://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1111%2Fzsc.12103?r3_referer=wol&tracking_action=preview_click&show_checkout=1&purchase_referrer=onlinelibrary.wiley.com&purchase_site_license=LICENSE_DENIED Fehlauer-Ale, Karin H., Winston, Judith E., Tilbrook, Kevin J., Nascimento, Karine B. & Vieira, Leandro M. (2015). ''Identifying monophyletic groups within Bugula sensu lato (Bryozoa, Buguloidea).'' Zoologica Scripta]
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*[http://www.exoticsguide.org/bugula_neritina Exotics Guide - Bugula neritina]
*[http://www.exoticsguide.org/bugula_neritina Exotics Guide - Bugula neritina]


{{Wikispecies-inline}}
{{wikispecies}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2943909}}


[[Category:Bryozoan genera]]
[[Category:Bryozoan genera]]
[[Category:Cheilostomatida]]

Latest revision as of 15:03, 20 April 2022

Bugula
The nudibranch Diaphorodoris papillata Portmann & Sandmeier, 1960 feeding on Bugula neritina (Linnaeus, 1758)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Bryozoa
Class: Gymnolaemata
Order: Cheilostomatida
Family: Bugulidae
Genus: Bugula
(Oken, 1815)

Bugula is a genus of common colonial arborescent bryozoa, often mistaken for seaweed. It commonly grows upright in bushy colonies of up to 15 cm in height.[1][2]

Distribution

[edit]

The native distribution of Bugula neritina is presumed to be tropical and subtropical waters; however, it has become widespread globally due to attachment to the hulls of vessels.[1] It is considered an invasive species in some countries.

Bugula neritina

[edit]
Main article: Bugula neritina

Bugula neritina attracted interest as a source of cytotoxic chemicals, bryostatins, under clinical investigation as anti-cancer agents. It was first collected and provided to JL Hartwell's anticancer drug discovery group at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) by Jack Rudloe.[3] In 2001 pharmaceutical company GPC Biotech licensed Bryostatin 1 from Arizona State University for commercial development as a treatment for cancer. GPC Biotech canceled development in 2003, saying that Bryostatin 1 showed little effectiveness and some toxic side-effects.[4] More recent work shows it has positive effects on cognition in sufferers of Alzheimers with few side effects.[5]

Other uses

[edit]

Dried Bugula are commonly used as decorations:

"Air fern", the so-called everlasting plant that supposedly absorbs from air all the moisture it needs to live, is commonly dried colonies of the bryozoan Bugula that have been artificially coloured.[6]

However, Sertularia argentea are also sold as "air ferns."[7]

Species

[edit]
Species brought into synonymy

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Bugula neritina". exoticsguide.org. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  2. ^ Bock, P. (2015). Bugula Oken, 1815. In: Bock, P.; Gordon, D. (2015) World List of Bryozoa. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=110839 on 2015-09-02
  3. ^ Harford, B The Bryostatins’ Tale Chemical and Engineering News, Vol 89, No 43 PP. 10 - 17 Oct 24, 2011 accessed Dec 19, 2017
  4. ^ "Bryostatin 1". 19 June 2006. Archived from the original on 9 May 2007. Retrieved 2009-08-20.
  5. ^ Nelsen et al., JT Bryostatin Effects on Cognitive Function and PKCɛ in Alzheimer's Disease Phase IIa and Expanded Access Trials J Alzheimers Dis. 2017; 58(2): 521–535. Accessed Dec 27, 2017
  6. ^ Frank K. McKinney. "The Bryozoa". International Bryozoology Association. Archived from the original on 2006-12-13. Retrieved 2007-02-17.
  7. ^ Picton, B.E. & Morrow, C.C. (2016). Sertularia argentea Linnaeus, 1758. [In] Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland. Accessed on 2020-01-11.
[edit]

Data related to Bugula at Wikispecies

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