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HMS Salmon (N65): Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 57°00′N 2°47′E / 57.000°N 2.783°E / 57.000; 2.783
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{{short description|Submarine}}
{{other ships|HMS Salmon}}
{{other ships|HMS Salmon}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2019}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image= [[File:Hms salmon submarine.jpg|300px]]
|Ship image= Hms salmon submarine.jpg
|Ship caption=
|Ship caption=''Salmon'' on the surface
}}
}}
{{Infobox ship career
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Hide header=
|Ship country=United Kingdom
|Ship country=United Kingdom
|Ship flag=[[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|60px|Royal Navy Ensign]]
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}}
⚫
|Ship name=''Salmon''
⚫
|Ship class=[[British S class submarine (1931)|S-class]] [[submarine]]
⚫
|Ship name=HMS ''Salmon''
|Ship ordered=
|Ship ordered=
|Ship awarded=
|Ship awarded=
|Ship builder=[[Cammell Laird]] & Co Limited, [[Birkenhead]]
|Ship builder=[[Cammell Laird]], [[Birkenhead]]
|Ship laid down=15 June 1933
|Ship laid down=15 June 1933
|Ship launched=30 April 1934
|Ship launched=30 April 1934
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|Ship struck=
|Ship struck=
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship fate=Sunk on 9 July 1940
|Ship fate=Sunk on 9 July 1940

|Ship status=
|Ship homeport=
|Ship homeport=
|Ship badge=[[File:SALMON badge-1-.jpg|100px]]
|Ship badge=[[File:SALMON badge-1-.jpg|80px]]
}}
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Header caption=
⚫
|Ship class=[[British S-class submarine (1931)|S-class]] [[submarine]]
|Ship displacement=*670 tons surfaced
|Ship displacement=* {{convert|768|LT|t}} surfaced
*960 tons submerged
* {{convert|960|LT|t}} submerged
|Ship tons burthen=
|Ship length={{convert|208|ft|9|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship length={{convert|208|ft|8|in|m|1|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|24|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|24|ft|0|in|m|1|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught={{convert|10|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught={{convert|11|ft|10|in|1|abbr=on}}
|Ship power=* {{convert|1550|bhp|kW|lk=in|abbr=on}} (diesel)
|Ship draft=
|Ship propulsion=Twin diesel/electric
* {{convert|1300|hp|kW|abbr=on}} (electric)
|Ship propulsion=* 2 × [[diesel engine]]s
⚫
|Ship speed=*13.75 knots surfaced
* 2 × [[electric motor]]s
⚫
*10 knots submerged
⚫
|Ship speed=*{{convert|13.75|kn|lk=in}} surfaced
|Ship range=
⚫
*{{convert|10|kn}} submerged
|Ship endurance=
|Ship range=* {{convert|6000|nmi|abbr=on|lk=in}} at {{convert|10|kn}} surface
⚫
|Ship test depth=
* {{convert|64|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|2|kn}} submerged
|Ship boats=
⚫
|Ship test depth={{convert|300|ft|1}}
|Ship capacity=
|Ship complement=39 officers and men
|Ship complement=40
|Ship armament=* 6 × bow [[British 21-inch torpedo|{{convert|21|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}]] [[torpedo tube]]s
|Ship time to activate=
* 1 × [[QF 3-inch 20 cwt|3-inch (76 mm)]] [[deck gun]]
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=*6 × forward 21-inch torpedo tubes
*12 torpedoes
*one three-inch gun
*one .303-calibre machine gun
|Ship armour=
|Ship armor=
|Ship aircraft=
|Ship notes=
}}
}}
|}
|}
'''HMS ''Salmon''''' was a [[Royal Navy]] [[British S class submarine (1931)|S-class]] [[submarine]] which was launched on 30 April 1934, and fought in the [[World War II|Second World War]]. ''Salmon'' is one of twelve boats named in the song "[[British S class submarine (1931)#Service losses|Twelve Little S-Boats]]".
'''HMS ''Salmon''''' was a second-batch [[British S-class submarine (1931)|S-class]] [[submarine]] built during the 1930s for the [[Royal Navy]]. Completed in 1935, the boat fought in the [[World War II|Second World War]]. ''Salmon'' is one of twelve boats named in the song "[[British S-class submarine (1931)#Service losses|Twelve Little S-Boats]]".


On 4 December 1939, while on patrol in the [[North Sea]], ''Salmon'' torpedoed and sank {{GS|U-36|1936|2}}.<ref name="SV">{{cite book | last = Huchthausen | first = Peter A. | authorlink = Peter Huchthausen | title = Shadow Voyage: The Extraordinary Wartime Escape of the Legendary SS Bremen | publisher = John Wiley & Sons | date = 2005 | location = Hoboken, New Jersey | isbn = 0-471-45758-2 | oclc = 55764562 | pages = 164, 227}}</ref>
On 4 December 1939, ''Salmon'' became the first boat to sink a U-boat during the Second World War when it torpedoed and sank the German {{GS|U-36|1936|2}} in the North Sea south-west of Kristiansand, Norway.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/3424.html|title=HMS Salmon (N 65) of the Royal Navy - British Submarine of the S class - Allied Warships of WWII - uboat.net|website=www.uboat.net|access-date=2019-03-06}}</ref>


==Design and description==
⚫
On 12 December 1939, ''Salmon'' sighted the German liner {{SS|Bremen|1929|6}}. While challenging ''Bremen'', an escorting [[Dornier Do 18]] [[seaplane]] forced ''Salmon'' to dive. After diving the ''Salmon's'' commander, Lieutenant Commander E. O. Bickford, decided not to torpedo the liner because he believed she was not a [[Rules of Prize Warfare|legal]] target.<ref name=chalcraft>http://web.ukonline.co.uk/chalcraft/sm/salmon.html <!-- 404'd on 2 Nov 2007 --></ref> Bickford's decision not to fire on ''Bremen'' likely delayed the start of [[unrestricted submarine warfare]] in the war.<ref name="SV" />
The second batch of [[British S-class submarine (1931)|S-class]] [[submarine]]s were designed as slightly improved and enlarged versions of the earlier boats of the [[ship class|class]] and were intended to operate in the [[North Sea|North]] and [[Baltic Sea]]s.<ref name=h6>Harrison, Chapter 16</ref> The submarines had a length of {{convert|208|ft|8|in|m|1}} [[length overall|overall]], a [[beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|24|ft|0|in|m|1}} and a mean [[draft (ship)|draught]] of {{convert|11|ft|10|in|m|1}}. They [[displacement (ship)|displaced]] {{convert|768|LT|t}} on the surface and {{convert|960|LT|t}} submerged.<ref name=gg9>Chesneau, p. 49</ref> The S-class submarines had a crew of 40 officers and [[naval rating|ratings]]. They had a diving depth of {{convert|300|ft|1}}.<ref name=i7>McCartney, p. 6</ref>


For surface running, the boats were powered by two {{convert|775|bhp|lk=in|0|adj=on}} [[diesel engine]]s, each driving one [[propeller shaft]]. When submerged each propeller was driven by a {{convert|650|hp|0|adj=on}} [[electric motor]]. They could reach {{convert|13.75|kn|lk=in}} on the surface and {{convert|10|kn}} underwater.<ref>Bagnasco, p. 110</ref> On the surface, the second-batch boats had a range of {{convert|6000|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|10|kn}} and {{convert|64|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|2|kn}} submerged.<ref name=i7/>
⚫
On 13 December 1939, ''Salmon'' sighted a fleet of German warships. She fired a spread of torpedoes which damaged two German [[cruiser]]s (one was {{Ship|German cruiser|Leipzig}}, the other, her younger sister ship, {{Ship|German cruiser |Nürnberg}}). ''Salmon'' evaded the fleet's [[destroyer]]s, which hunted her for two hours.<ref name="SV" /><ref name=chalcraft />

The S-class boats were armed with six [[British 21 inch torpedo|21-inch (533 mm)]] [[torpedo tube]]s in the bow. They carried six reload torpedoes for a total of a dozen torpedoes. They were also armed with a [[QF 3-inch 20 cwt|3-inch (76&nbsp;mm)]] [[deck gun]].<ref name=gg9/>

==Construction and career==
Ordered on 20 January 1933, ''Salmon'' was [[Keel laying|laid down]] on 15 June 1933 in [[Cammell Laird]]'s [[shipyard]] in [[Birkenhead]] and was [[Ship naming and launching|launched]] on 30 April 1934. The boat was completed on 8 March 1935<ref>Akermann, p. 334</ref> and received the [[pennant number]] 98S.

On 4 December 1939, while on patrol in the [[North Sea]], ''Salmon'' torpedoed and sank {{GS|U-36|1936|2}}.<ref name="SV">{{cite book | last = Huchthausen | first = Peter A. | author-link = Peter Huchthausen | title = Shadow Voyage: The Extraordinary Wartime Escape of the Legendary SS Bremen | publisher = John Wiley & Sons | date = 2005 | location = Hoboken, New Jersey | isbn = 0-471-45758-2 | oclc = 55764562 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/shadowvoyageextr0000huch/page/164 164, 227] | url = https://archive.org/details/shadowvoyageextr0000huch/page/164 }}</ref>

⚫
On 12 December 1939, ''Salmon'' sighted the German liner {{SS|Bremen|1928|6}}. While challenging ''Bremen'', an escorting [[Dornier Do 18]] [[seaplane]] forced ''Salmon'' to dive. After diving, ''Salmon''{{'}}s commander, Lieutenant Commander E. O. Bickford, decided not to torpedo the liner because he believed she was not a [[Rules of Prize Warfare|legal]] target.<ref name=chalcraft>{{cite web |url=http://web.ukonline.co.uk/chalcraft/sm/salmon.html |title=HMS/M Salmon |work=British Submarines of World War II |access-date=2006-10-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060911230141/http://web.ukonline.co.uk/chalcraft/sm/salmon.html |archive-date=11 September 2006 }} <!-- 404'd on 2 November 2007 --></ref> Bickford's decision not to fire on ''Bremen'' likely delayed the start of [[unrestricted submarine warfare]] in the war.<ref name="SV" />

⚫
On 13 December 1939, ''Salmon'' sighted a fleet of German warships. She fired a spread of torpedoes which damaged two German [[cruiser]]s (one was {{Ship|German cruiser|Leipzig}}, the other, her younger [[sister ship]], {{Ship|German cruiser |Nürnberg}}). ''Salmon'' evaded the fleet's [[destroyer]]s, which hunted her for two hours.<ref name="SV" /><ref name=chalcraft />


She was lost, probably sunk by a [[Naval mine|mine]], on 9 July 1940.
She was lost, probably sunk by a [[Naval mine|mine]], on 9 July 1940.


There is a report from 2008 that the same survey ship that found the wreck of the sister submarine [[HMS Shark (54S)|HMS ''Shark'']] also found the wreck of HMS ''Salmon'' nearby in waters off Norway.
There is a report from 2008 that the same survey ship that found the wreck of the sister submarine {{HMS|Shark|54S|6}} also found the wreck of HMS ''Salmon'' nearby in waters off Norway.

==Citations==
⚫
{{Reflist|30em}}


==References==
==References==
* {{cite book|last=Akermann|first=Paul|title=Encyclopaedia of British Submarines 1901–1955|edition=reprint of the 1989|year=2002|publisher=Periscope Publishing|location=Penzance, Cornwall|isbn=1-904381-05-7}}
⚫
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite book|last=Bagnasco |first=Erminio |title=Submarines of World War Two |year=1977 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, Maryland |isbn=0-87021-962-6}}
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946|editor1-last=Chesneau|editor1-first=Roger|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=Greenwich, UK|year=1980|isbn=0-85177-146-7}}
* {{Colledge}}
* {{Cite Colledge2006}}
{{Refend}}
* {{cite web|url=http://rnsubs.co.uk/dits-bits/br-3043.html|title=The Development of HM Submarines From Holland No. 1 (1901) to Porpoise (1930) (BR3043)|last=Harrison|first=A. N.|date=January 1979|publisher=RN Subs|access-date=27 September 2022}}
* {{cite book|last=McCartney|first=Innes|location=Oxford, UK|title=British Submarines 1939–1945|series=New Vanguard|volume=129|year=2006|publisher=Osprey|isbn=1-84603-007-2}}
* {{cite book |last=Rohwer |first=Jürgen |date=2005 |title=Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two |edition=Revised & Expanded |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, Maryland |isbn=1-59114-119-2}}


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/3424.html HMS Salmon at Uboat.net]
* [http://www.uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/3424.html HMS ''Salmon'' at Uboat.net]


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{{British S class submarine}}
{{British S class submarine}}
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{{July 1940 shipwrecks}}
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[[Category:World War II submarines of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:World War II submarines of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Lost submarines of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Lost submarines of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Mersey-built ships]]
[[Category:Ships built on the River Mersey]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in July 1940]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in July 1940]]
[[Category:Ships sunk by mines]]


{{UK-submarine-stub}}

Latest revision as of 11:46, 27 September 2022

For other ships with the same name, see HMS Salmon.

Salmon on the surface
History
United Kingdom
NameSalmon
BuilderCammell Laird, Birkenhead
Laid down15 June 1933
Launched30 April 1934
Commissioned8 March 1935
FateSunk on 9 July 1940
Badge
General characteristics
Class and typeS-class submarine
Displacement
  • 768 long tons (780 t) surfaced
  • 960 long tons (980 t) submerged
Length208 ft 8 in (63.6 m)
Beam24 ft 0 in (7.3 m)
Draught11 ft 10 in (3.6 m)
Installed power
  • 1,550 bhp (1,160 kW) (diesel)
  • 1,300 hp (970 kW) (electric)
Propulsion
Speed
  • 13.75 knots (25.47 km/h; 15.82 mph) surfaced
  • 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) submerged
Range
  • 6,000 nmi (11,000 km; 6,900 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surface
  • 64 nmi (119 km; 74 mi) at 2 knots (3.7 km/h; 2.3 mph) submerged
Test depth300 feet (91.4 m)
Complement40
Armament

HMS Salmon was a second-batch S-class submarine built during the 1930s for the Royal Navy. Completed in 1935, the boat fought in the Second World War. Salmon is one of twelve boats named in the song "Twelve Little S-Boats".

On 4 December 1939, Salmon became the first boat to sink a U-boat during the Second World War when it torpedoed and sank the German U-36 in the North Sea south-west of Kristiansand, Norway.[1]

Design and description[edit]

The second batch of S-class submarines were designed as slightly improved and enlarged versions of the earlier boats of the class and were intended to operate in the North and Baltic Seas.[2] The submarines had a length of 208 feet 8 inches (63.6 m) overall, a beam of 24 feet 0 inches (7.3 m) and a mean draught of 11 feet 10 inches (3.6 m). They displaced 768 long tons (780 t) on the surface and 960 long tons (980 t) submerged.[3] The S-class submarines had a crew of 40 officers and ratings. They had a diving depth of 300 feet (91.4 m).[4]

For surface running, the boats were powered by two 775-brake-horsepower (578 kW) diesel engines, each driving one propeller shaft. When submerged each propeller was driven by a 650-horsepower (485 kW) electric motor. They could reach 13.75 knots (25.47 km/h; 15.82 mph) on the surface and 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) underwater.[5] On the surface, the second-batch boats had a range of 6,000 nautical miles (11,000 km; 6,900 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) and 64 nmi (119 km; 74 mi) at 2 knots (3.7 km/h; 2.3 mph) submerged.[4]

The S-class boats were armed with six 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes in the bow. They carried six reload torpedoes for a total of a dozen torpedoes. They were also armed with a 3-inch (76 mm) deck gun.[3]

Construction and career[edit]

Ordered on 20 January 1933, Salmon was laid down on 15 June 1933 in Cammell Laird's shipyard in Birkenhead and was launched on 30 April 1934. The boat was completed on 8 March 1935[6] and received the pennant number 98S.

On 4 December 1939, while on patrol in the North Sea, Salmon torpedoed and sank U-36.[7]

On 12 December 1939, Salmon sighted the German liner SS Bremen. While challenging Bremen, an escorting Dornier Do 18 seaplane forced Salmon to dive. After diving, Salmon's commander, Lieutenant Commander E. O. Bickford, decided not to torpedo the liner because he believed she was not a legal target.[8] Bickford's decision not to fire on Bremen likely delayed the start of unrestricted submarine warfare in the war.[7]

On 13 December 1939, Salmon sighted a fleet of German warships. She fired a spread of torpedoes which damaged two German cruisers (one was German cruiser Leipzig, the other, her younger sister ship, German cruiser Nürnberg). Salmon evaded the fleet's destroyers, which hunted her for two hours.[7][8]

She was lost, probably sunk by a mine, on 9 July 1940.

There is a report from 2008 that the same survey ship that found the wreck of the sister submarine HMS Shark also found the wreck of HMS Salmon nearby in waters off Norway.

Citations[edit]

  1. ^ "HMS Salmon (N 65) of the Royal Navy - British Submarine of the S class - Allied Warships of WWII - uboat.net". www.uboat.net. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
  2. ^ Harrison, Chapter 16
  3. ^ a b Chesneau, p. 49
  4. ^ a b McCartney, p. 6
  5. ^ Bagnasco, p. 110
  6. ^ Akermann, p. 334
  7. ^ a b c Huchthausen, Peter A. (2005). Shadow Voyage: The Extraordinary Wartime Escape of the Legendary SS Bremen. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 164, 227. ISBN 0-471-45758-2. OCLC 55764562.
  8. ^ a b "HMS/M Salmon". British Submarines of World War II. Archived from the original on 11 September 2006. Retrieved 15 October 2006.

References[edit]

External links[edit]

57°00′N 2°47′E / 57.000°N 2.783°E / 57.000; 2.783

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