Alabama's Colored Women's Club: Difference between revisions
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{{Expert needed|United States History|reason=Article lacks details|date=April 2012}} |
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{{wiki|article|date=November 2008}} |
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{{short description|African American women's clubs}} |
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{{unreferenced|date=November 2008}} |
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| ⚫ | An '''Alabama's Colored Women's Club''' refers to any member of the Alabama Federation of Colored Women's Club, including the "Ten Times One is Ten Club", the Tuskegee Women's Club, and the Anna M. Duncan Club of Montgomery. These earliest clubs united and created the Alabama Federation of Colored Women's Club in 1899. By 1904, there were more than 26 clubs throughout Alabama. The most active ones were in Birmingham, Selma, Mobile, Tuskegee, Tuscaloosa, Eufaula, Greensboro, and Mt. Megis. |
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==Early history== |
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The first African American [[Woman's club movement|women's club]] in [[Alabama]], the "Ten Times One is Ten Club" was established in [[Montgomery, Alabama]] in 1888.{{Sfn|Perry|Davis-Maye|2007|p=211-212}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=History of the Montgomery City Federation of Women's Clubs, Inc.|url=http://www.jacksoncommunityhouse.org/Montgomery%20City%20Federation%20of%20Women%27s%20Clubs,%20Inc..htm|access-date=2020-11-07|website=Montgomery City Federation of Women's Clubs, Inc.}}</ref> Laura Coleman, the founder, wanted to create a club to both improve the lives of the members and the community.<ref name=":0" /> It was followed by the Anna M. Duncan Club of Montgomery, established in 1897.<ref name=":0" /> Duncan funded the educational and civic club and during her lifetime, it was known as the Twentieth Century Club.<ref name=":0" /> The Duncan Club would continue its tradition of social service to the community into the twenty-first century.<ref name=":0" /> |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Murray_Washington |
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'''Tuskegee Women’s Club:''' |
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| ⚫ | Under the leadership of Margaret Murray Washington the Tuskegee Women Club was formed |
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The Tuskegee Women’s Club actually helped to form new communities and construct social services. One of its pioneer actions was to create a community out of plantation settlement by providing educational and social services to the poor inhabitant of the rural area. |
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One of the most successful projects of the Tuskegee Woman’s Club was the sponsoring of the mother’s meeting or mother’s club (Rouse 1996). The idea of this project came up when Margaret Washington was attending the first Tuskegee Negro Conference in 1892. At the conference her husband Booker T. Washington discussed the problems that the black male faced and trying to give solutions. He inspired the farmers by giving new ideas and new hopes. This made Margaret Washington realize for once again that how women were neglected and thought to be unworthy. They were considered to be an unimportant human being outside the house. Additionally, the women themselves did not realize how unimportant they were thought of by their husbands and sons. Probably this is a common feature of a patriarchal society and women of that society are brought up in that fashion. Margaret Washington thought of working with the women in Tuskegee and the surrounding areas. |
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The Tuskegee Mother’s Club meetings managed to improve the lives of he women in great deal. The women learned how to be well groomed. Many of them did not know about their age and they were helped recall some incident, which took place around the time of their birth and figure out their age. The women who had no other option of leaving their child at home to attend these meetings brought their children along. The children were soon provided educational support and they were taught simple lessons and they received skills on good behavior. According Margaret Washington the black women had the proper training to look after their homes. They were occupied working in the white families and looking after white children and families. As a result the black children were deprived from the proper care and were very much neglected. Which is considered to be an abuse. |
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| ⚫ | Under the leadership of [[Margaret Murray Washington]] the Tuskegee Women's Club was formed by female faculty and the wives of male faculty members of the [[Tuskegee University|Tuskegee Institute]].{{Sfn|Thomas|1992|p=74}} Thirteen attended the first meeting of the club in 1895, which was meant to enlighten the members in both intellectual and moral ways.{{Sfn|Thomas|1992|p=74}} Meetings were held twice a month and new teachers were encouraged to join.{{Sfn|Thomas|1992|p=74}} Since the members were part of the academic arena, the services were related to learning and education. The Tuskegee Women's Club also helped to form new communities and construct social services.{{Sfn|Thomas|1992|p=74}} One of its pioneer actions was to provide educational and social services to the poor inhabitants of a plantation settlement.{{Sfn|Thomas|1992|p=74}} |
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===Tuskegee Mothers' Club=== |
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One of the most successful projects of the Tuskegee Woman's Club was the sponsoring of the mothers' meeting or mothers' club.{{Sfn|Rouse|1996|p=33}} The idea of this project came up when Margaret Washington was attending the first Tuskegee Negro Conference in 1892.{{Sfn|Thomas|1992|p=77}} At the conference, her husband [[Booker T. Washington]] discussed the problems that the black male faced and gave possible solutions.{{Sfn|Thomas|1992|p=77}} This reminded Margaret Washington of the neglect of women at the time.{{Sfn|Thomas|1992|p=77}} She believed the women themselves did not realize how unimportant they were considered by their husbands and sons, and so decided to work with the women in Tuskegee and the surrounding areas by forming the Mothers' Club.{{Sfn|Thomas|1992|p=77}} There, the club worked to improve the education and grooming of local mothers.{{Sfn|Thomas|1992|p=78}} Many of them did not know their age, and they were helped to recall some incident which took place around the time of their birth in order to figure out their age.{{Sfn|Thomas|1992|p=79}} Many mothers also lacked childcare options and brought their children along.{{Sfn|Thomas|1992|p=78}} Members of the club had greater self-esteem and learned to become economically independent.{{Sfn|Rouse|1996|p=33-34}} |
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| ⚫ | Margaret Murray Washington was the organizer and the first president of the Alabama Federation of Colored |
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The African American women in the Progressive Era struggled enormously to survive with honor, which they seldom achieved. They were not only discriminated by another race but also the same sex, the white women. Ironically they even experienced revulsion by the opposite sex of the same race, the black male. It can only be imagine what these women went through. In a lot of cases the women did not even have the wisdom to understand that it was unjust. To many it was normal; they thought this was meant to be like this. Not till the educated middle class women of the Era who establish the women’s clubs and arranged all the services, the black women understood what value they had in the society. The members of the clubs also had an opportunity to work as role models for young girls and young women. Thus, the women who got various services probably felt encouraged being served by women from the same race. The African American women perhaps knows the art of respecting women of the same race the best than any other women and the women’s club of the Progressive Era helped them achieve it. |
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| ⚫ | [[Margaret Murray Washington]] was the organizer and the first president of the Alabama Federation of Colored Women's Club (AFCWC), which was established on December 29, 1899.{{Sfn|Perry|Davis-Maye|2007|p=213}} [[Cornelia Bowen]] was the leader of the group early on.{{Sfn|Rouse|1996|p=34}} During the preliminary meeting of the club there were discussions of how to address the mounting reform problem; one of the pressing needs was to establish a [[reformatory]] for African American youths.{{Sfn|Perry|Davis-Maye|2007|p=213}} The club was very involved prison reform.{{Sfn|Rouse|1996|p=35}} The Federation was successful in getting young black prisoners released into the custody of its boys' school built at [[Mount Meigs, Alabama|Mt. Meigs]].{{Sfn|Rouse|1996|p=34}} Young lives were saved from prison by the supervision of Margaret Washington. This corrective school got less support from the state, as opposed to the white boys' reform school. The club members also supported the older prisoners with personal care and religious services.{{Sfn|Rouse|1996|p=34}} Alabama took over responsibility for the boys' reformatory school and AFCWC raised money for housing for young girls at Mt. Meigs.{{Sfn|Rouse|1996|p=34}} Prison reform being a national issue, the national office of the [[NACW]] eventually joined the program.{{Sfn|Rouse|1996|p=34}} |
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{{reflist}} |
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=== Sources === |
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* {{Cite journal|last1=Perry|first1=Tonya Evette|last2=Davis-Maye|first2=Denise|date=May 2007|title=Bein' Womanish: Womanist Efforts in Child Saving During the Progressive Era: The Founding of Mt. Meigs Reformatory|url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0886109907299058|journal=Affilia|language=en|volume=22|issue=2|pages=209–219|doi=10.1177/0886109907299058|s2cid=144828024 |issn=0886-1099}} |
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Perry, T.E. and Maye, D.D. (2007). Bein’ womanish: Womanist efforts in child saving during the Progressive Era. |
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*{{Cite journal|last=Rouse|first=Jacqueline Anne|date=Winter 1996|title=Out of the Shadow of Tuskegee: Margaret Murray Washington, Social Activism, and Race Vindication|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2717606|journal=Journal of Negro History|volume=81|issue=1|pages=31–46|doi=10.1086/JNHv81n1-4p31 |jstor=2717606 |s2cid=141354406 |url-access=registration|via=JSTOR}} |
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Affilia: Journal of women and social work. 22, No 2, 209- 219. |
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*{{Cite book|last=Thomas|first=Mary Martha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cJ3zDwAAQBAJ|title=The New Woman in Alabama: Social Reforms and Suffrage, 1890-1920|publisher=University of Alabama Press|year=1992|isbn=9780817360108|location=Tuscaloosa, Alabama}} |
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== External links == |
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Rouse, J. A. (1996). Out of the shadow of Tuskegee: Margaret Murray Washington, social activism, and race vindication. The journal of Negro history, 81, 31- 46. |
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* [https://digital.archives.alabama.gov/digital/collection/voices/id/12339 Yearbook of the Anna M. Duncan Club] |
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Thomas, M.M. (1992). The new woman in Alabama: Social reforms and suffrage, 1890- 1920. Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama press. |
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{{Woman's club movement}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:African-American women's organizations]] |
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Thompson, B. S. (1963). A century of Negro progress in Montgomery city and county. Alabama: Southern publishing Co. |
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[[Category:Women's clubs in the United States]] |
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[[Category:History of women in Alabama]] |
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[[Category:Women's organizations based in the United States]] |
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Latest revision as of 04:52, 14 September 2023
 | This article needs attention from an expert in United States History. The specific problem is: Article lacks details. (April 2012) |
An Alabama's Colored Women's Club refers to any member of the Alabama Federation of Colored Women's Club, including the "Ten Times One is Ten Club", the Tuskegee Women's Club, and the Anna M. Duncan Club of Montgomery. These earliest clubs united and created the Alabama Federation of Colored Women's Club in 1899. By 1904, there were more than 26 clubs throughout Alabama. The most active ones were in Birmingham, Selma, Mobile, Tuskegee, Tuscaloosa, Eufaula, Greensboro, and Mt. Megis.
Early history[edit]
The first African American women's club in Alabama, the "Ten Times One is Ten Club" was established in Montgomery, Alabama in 1888.[1][2] Laura Coleman, the founder, wanted to create a club to both improve the lives of the members and the community.[2] It was followed by the Anna M. Duncan Club of Montgomery, established in 1897.[2] Duncan funded the educational and civic club and during her lifetime, it was known as the Twentieth Century Club.[2] The Duncan Club would continue its tradition of social service to the community into the twenty-first century.[2]
Tuskegee Women's Club[edit]
Under the leadership of Margaret Murray Washington the Tuskegee Women's Club was formed by female faculty and the wives of male faculty members of the Tuskegee Institute.[3] Thirteen attended the first meeting of the club in 1895, which was meant to enlighten the members in both intellectual and moral ways.[3] Meetings were held twice a month and new teachers were encouraged to join.[3] Since the members were part of the academic arena, the services were related to learning and education. The Tuskegee Women's Club also helped to form new communities and construct social services.[3] One of its pioneer actions was to provide educational and social services to the poor inhabitants of a plantation settlement.[3]
Tuskegee Mothers' Club[edit]
One of the most successful projects of the Tuskegee Woman's Club was the sponsoring of the mothers' meeting or mothers' club.[4] The idea of this project came up when Margaret Washington was attending the first Tuskegee Negro Conference in 1892.[5] At the conference, her husband Booker T. Washington discussed the problems that the black male faced and gave possible solutions.[5] This reminded Margaret Washington of the neglect of women at the time.[5] She believed the women themselves did not realize how unimportant they were considered by their husbands and sons, and so decided to work with the women in Tuskegee and the surrounding areas by forming the Mothers' Club.[5] There, the club worked to improve the education and grooming of local mothers.[6] Many of them did not know their age, and they were helped to recall some incident which took place around the time of their birth in order to figure out their age.[7] Many mothers also lacked childcare options and brought their children along.[6] Members of the club had greater self-esteem and learned to become economically independent.[8]
Alabama Federation of Colored Women's Club[edit]
Margaret Murray Washington was the organizer and the first president of the Alabama Federation of Colored Women's Club (AFCWC), which was established on December 29, 1899.[9] Cornelia Bowen was the leader of the group early on.[10] During the preliminary meeting of the club there were discussions of how to address the mounting reform problem; one of the pressing needs was to establish a reformatory for African American youths.[9] The club was very involved prison reform.[11] The Federation was successful in getting young black prisoners released into the custody of its boys' school built at Mt. Meigs.[10] Young lives were saved from prison by the supervision of Margaret Washington. This corrective school got less support from the state, as opposed to the white boys' reform school. The club members also supported the older prisoners with personal care and religious services.[10] Alabama took over responsibility for the boys' reformatory school and AFCWC raised money for housing for young girls at Mt. Meigs.[10] Prison reform being a national issue, the national office of the NACW eventually joined the program.[10]
References[edit]
- ^ Perry & Davis-Maye 2007, p. 211-212.
- ^ a b c d e "History of the Montgomery City Federation of Women's Clubs, Inc". Montgomery City Federation of Women's Clubs, Inc. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ^ a b c d e Thomas 1992, p. 74.
- ^ Rouse 1996, p. 33.
- ^ a b c d Thomas 1992, p. 77.
- ^ a b Thomas 1992, p. 78.
- ^ Thomas 1992, p. 79.
- ^ Rouse 1996, p. 33-34.
- ^ a b Perry & Davis-Maye 2007, p. 213.
- ^ a b c d e Rouse 1996, p. 34.
- ^ Rouse 1996, p. 35.
Sources[edit]
- Perry, Tonya Evette; Davis-Maye, Denise (May 2007). "Bein' Womanish: Womanist Efforts in Child Saving During the Progressive Era: The Founding of Mt. Meigs Reformatory". Affilia. 22 (2): 209–219. doi:10.1177/0886109907299058. ISSN 0886-1099. S2CID 144828024.
- Rouse, Jacqueline Anne (Winter 1996). "Out of the Shadow of Tuskegee: Margaret Murray Washington, Social Activism, and Race Vindication". Journal of Negro History. 81 (1): 31–46. doi:10.1086/JNHv81n1-4p31. JSTOR 2717606. S2CID 141354406 – via JSTOR.
- Thomas, Mary Martha (1992). The New Woman in Alabama: Social Reforms and Suffrage, 1890-1920. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press. ISBN 9780817360108.