USA 17: Difference between revisions

USA 17
	BMW Oracle racing USA-17 training off Valencia, Spain in late January, 2010
Yacht club	Golden Gate Yacht Club
Nation	United States
Sail no	USA–17
Designer(s)	VPLP
Builder	Core Builders; Anacortes, WA, USA
Owner(s)	Oracle Team USA
Racing career
Skippers	James Spithill
Notable victories	2010 America's Cup
America's Cup	2010
Specifications
Type	Trimaran
Displacement	17 tons
Length	113 ft (34 m) (LOA); 90 ft (27 m) (LWL)
Beam	89.9 ft (27.4 m)
Mast height	180 ft (55 m)
Sail area	13,700 sq ft (1,270 m2)

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USA-17^[a] (formerly known as BMW Oracle Racing 90 or BOR90) is a sloop rigged racing trimaran built by the American sailing team BMW Oracle Racing to challenge for the 2010 America's Cup.^[3]^[4]^[5] Designed by VPLP Yacht Design with consultation from Franck Cammas and his Groupama multi-hull sailing team, BOR90 is very light for her size being constructed almost entirely out of carbon fiber and epoxy resin, and exhibits very high performance being able to sail at 2.0 to 2.5 times the true wind speed.^[6] From the actual performance of the boat during the 2010 America's Cup races, it can be seen that she could achieve a velocity made good upwind of over twice the wind speed and downwind of over 2.5 times the wind speed. She can apparently sail at 20 degrees off the apparent wind.^[7] The boat sails so fast downwind that the apparent wind she generates is only 5-6 degrees different from that when she is racing upwind; that is, the boat is always sailing upwind with respect to the apparent wind.^[8] An explanation of this phenomenon can be found in the article on sailing faster than the wind.

Design[edit]

USA 17 was designed by VPLP.

Career[edit]

Launching and initial testing[edit]

BOR 90 was launched in Anacortes, Washington in August 2008 after more than 9 months of construction. She underwent initial testing in Anacortes before being shipped to San Diego, California for additional sea trials and development.

In March 2009, USA 17 (then referred to as BOR90) was pulled from the water for extensive modification in BMW Oracle Racing's San Diego shop. She emerged in early July, 2009, featuring wave-piercing hulls and other modifications.^[9] She was further modified subsequently, in particular in October 2009 to add an engine to power hydraulic winches.^[10]

On November 8, 2009, the team announced that a rigid sail wing had been built for the yacht.^[b] The wingsail was initially 190 feet (58 m) tall and some 80 percent larger than the wing of a Boeing 747 airplane; it was later extended to 223 feet (68 m).^[11] The wing has a very high aspect ratio, meaning that it is very tall and narrow. It can change camber to adjust lift in order to optimize performance. The wing consists of two main elements, separated by a vertical slot through which air can flow. The rear element is made up of several separate sections, whose angle can be adjusted separately, much like the flaps on an airplane's wing. Thus the lift of the sail can be controlled very finely, both overall, and for each section.

The wing is more efficient than a traditional soft-sail rig setup. On November 10, BMW reported that they hit 32 miles per hour (28 kn) boat speed in a 10-knot (19 km/h; 12 mph) reported wind speed.^[12] During the first race of the 2010 America's Cup, USA 17 was able to sail upwind faster than Alinghi 5 even without a jib. Since the sail area of USA 17's wing is much larger than the sail area of Alinghi 5's mainsail and jib combined, it is clear that the rigid wing is much more efficient than even high-performance traditional sails.

America's Cup[edit]

Race 1[edit]

The first race of the 2010 America's Cup took place on February 12, 2010. USA 17 beat the defender, Alinghi 5. USA 17 started behind by 1:27 after start box maneuvering with Alinghi,^[13] but was ahead by 3:21 at the windward mark and by about 9 minutes at the finish. Her official finish time was 15:28 ahead of the loser because Alinghi 5 had to perform a penalty turn, having failed to stay clear at the start.^[14]

Wind speeds were 5–10 knots (9.3–18.5 km/h; 5.8–11.5 mph) during the first race. USA 17 reached the windward mark in 1h29, so her velocity made good was about 13.5 knots (25.0 km/h; 15.5 mph), or about 1.8 times wind speed. USA 17 took 63 minutes to reach the downwind mark, so her velocity made good downwind was about 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph), or about 2.5 times wind speed.^[15]^[16]^[c]

The measured wind velocity is taken at near sea level, and does not account for effects of wind gradient with reported true wind speed of 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph) at mast head height of over 60 metres (200 ft).^[18] The measured sea-level wind direction shifted away from 180 degrees between the time of setting of the course and commencement of sailing of the downwind leg, by which time wind direction was reported to be at around 160 degrees.^[19]^{[failed verification]} As such the ratio between downwind velocity made good and wind speed is an approximation only.

Race 2[edit]

On February 14, 2010, USA 17 also won the second race, and thus the America's Cup, again by a considerable margin. USA 17 was ahead by 0:24 at the start, by 0:28 at the windward mark, by 2:44 at the gybe mark, and by over 4 minutes at the finish. Her official finish time was 5:26 ahead of the defender because Alinghi 5 had to perform a penalty turn, having entered the pre-start area too soon.^[20]

Wind speeds were 7 to 8 knots (13 to 15 km/h; 8.1 to 9.2 mph) during the second race. USA 17 reached the windward mark in 59 minutes, so her velocity made good was about 13.2 knots (24.4 km/h; 15.2 mph), or about 1.65 times wind speed. The course was a triangle, so the velocity made good downwind was only 11.5 knots (21.3 km/h; 13.2 mph), or about 1.4 times wind speed. USA 17 averaged 26.8 knots (49.6 km/h; 30.8 mph), or about 3.6 times the wind speed, on the faster first triangular leg.^[20]^[21]

Observers stated that the rigid wing had given USA a decisive advantage.^[15]^[20]

Notes[edit]

^ The name shown on official documentation is USA, but the boat's name is USA 17.^[1]^[2]
^ Stars and Stripes, a catamaran with this type of rigid sail (a wing) won the 1988 America's Cup.
^ See minutes 30 and 59 of podcast interview with USA 17 designer Mike Drummond.^[17]

References[edit]

^ "Interview with the BMW-Oracle Racing helmsman: James Spithill: "To better bar the USA-17, I even passed my pilot's license!"" (in French). 26 January 2010. Retrieved 2012-04-25.
^ "James Spithill Talks About BMW Oracle's Giant Multi-hull". CupInfo.com. BMW Oracle Racing in San Diego. 2009. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
^ "Title unknown" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 23, 2009.
^ "Title unknown". Tribune de Genève. 18 August 2009.^{[dead link]}
^ "Title unknown". Archived from the original on November 15, 2008.
^ "BMW Oracle Racing pushes edge in 90-foot trimaran". TeamUSA Sports. 8 November 2008. Retrieved 7 March 2009.^{[dead link]}
^ Swintal, Diane (13 August 2009). "Russell Coutts Talks About BMW Oracle's Giant Multi-hull". cupinfo.com. Retrieved 2012-04-25.
^ "Friday the Third. Pt 1?". 11 February 2010. Archived from the original on 24 February 2012. Retrieved 2012-04-25.
^ "Team plans modifications to trimaran". ESPN. Associated Press. 2009-03-03. Retrieved 2009-06-09.^{[dead link]}
^ "Title unknown". Archived from the original on 2010-10-05.
^ "Title unknown".^{[dead link]}
^ "Title unknown". Archived from the original on January 3, 2010.
^ OTW R1 (4) (online video). Valencia, Spain: dogzillamonster userid on YouTube. 2010-02-12. Event occurs at 2m15s - 3m44s. Retrieved 2014-05-14.
^ "First Blood to USA". Archived from the original on 2012-05-31. Retrieved 2012-04-21.
^ ^a ^b Nusslé, Pierre (13 February 2010). "La démonstration de puissance d'Oracle brise le rêve d'Alinghi". Tribune de Genève (in French). Retrieved 2012-04-21.
^ "America's Cup, the numbers of a victory". Yacht Online. Archived from the original on 2011-07-22. Retrieved 2010-03-09.
^ "Oracle Racing's USA 17". Omega Tau. 20 July 2011. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
^ "Title unknown". Archived from the original on July 11, 2011.
^ "Live Video Coverage of the Event". Archived from the original on 2012-03-09. Retrieved 2012-04-25.
^ ^a ^b ^c "USA win 33rd America's Cup Match – News – 33rd America's Cup". Americascup.com. Archived from the original on 2011-07-07. Retrieved 2010-02-15.
^ "BMW ORACLE Racing". BMW ORACLE Racing. 2003-09-30. Retrieved 2010-02-15.^{[dead link]}

[3] The name shown on official documentation is USA, but the boat's name is USA 17.^[1]^[2]

[12] Stars and Stripes, a catamaran with this type of rigid sail (a wing) won the 1988 America's Cup.

[20] See minutes 30 and 59 of podcast interview with USA 17 designer Mike Drummond.^[17]

[voilesetvoiliers-1] "Interview with the BMW-Oracle Racing helmsman: James Spithill: "To better bar the USA-17, I even passed my pilot's license!"" (in French). 26 January 2010. Retrieved 2012-04-25.

[CupInfo-2] "James Spithill Talks About BMW Oracle's Giant Multi-hull". CupInfo.com. BMW Oracle Racing in San Diego. 2009. Retrieved 7 June 2017.

[4] "Title unknown" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 23, 2009.

[5] "Title unknown". Tribune de Genève. 18 August 2009.^{[dead link]}

[6] "Title unknown". Archived from the original on November 15, 2008.

[7] "BMW Oracle Racing pushes edge in 90-foot trimaran". TeamUSA Sports. 8 November 2008. Retrieved 7 March 2009.^{[dead link]}

[8] Swintal, Diane (13 August 2009). "Russell Coutts Talks About BMW Oracle's Giant Multi-hull". cupinfo.com. Retrieved 2012-04-25.

[9] "Friday the Third. Pt 1?". 11 February 2010. Archived from the original on 24 February 2012. Retrieved 2012-04-25.

[10] "Team plans modifications to trimaran". ESPN. Associated Press. 2009-03-03. Retrieved 2009-06-09.^{[dead link]}

[bmworacleracing.com-11] "Title unknown". Archived from the original on 2010-10-05.

[13] "Title unknown".^{[dead link]}

[14] "Title unknown". Archived from the original on January 3, 2010.

[15] OTW R1 (4) (online video). Valencia, Spain: dogzillamonster userid on YouTube. 2010-02-12. Event occurs at 2m15s - 3m44s. Retrieved 2014-05-14.

[16] "First Blood to USA". Archived from the original on 2012-05-31. Retrieved 2012-04-21.

[tdgr1-17] Nusslé, Pierre (13 February 2010). "La démonstration de puissance d'Oracle brise le rêve d'Alinghi". Tribune de Genève (in French). Retrieved 2012-04-21.

[numbers-18] "America's Cup, the numbers of a victory". Yacht Online. Archived from the original on 2011-07-22. Retrieved 2010-03-09.

[omegatau2-19] "Oracle Racing's USA 17". Omega Tau. 20 July 2011. Retrieved 12 August 2011.

[21] "Title unknown". Archived from the original on July 11, 2011.

[22] "Live Video Coverage of the Event". Archived from the original on 2012-03-09. Retrieved 2012-04-25.

[r2-23] "USA win 33rd America's Cup Match – News – 33rd America's Cup". Americascup.com. Archived from the original on 2011-07-07. Retrieved 2010-02-15.

[24] "BMW ORACLE Racing". BMW ORACLE Racing. 2003-09-30. Retrieved 2010-02-15.^{[dead link]}

[a]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[b]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[c]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[1]

[2]

[17]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Racing trimaran}}
 {{Infobox Americas Cup Yacht
 | title        = USA 17
@@ Line 9: / Line 10: @@
 | class        =
 | designer     = [[VPLP]]
-| builder      = Core Builders<br>[[Anacortes, WA]], USA
+| builder      = Core Builders<br />[[Anacortes, WA]], USA
 | sailno = USA–17
 | launched     =
@@ Line 19: / Line 20: @@
 | fate         =
 | displacement = 17 tons
-| length       = {{convert|113|ft|m|abbr=on}} ([[Length overall|LOA]])<br>{{convert|90|ft|m|abbr=on}} ([[waterline length|LWL]])
+| length       = {{convert|113|ft|m|abbr=on}} ([[Length overall|LOA]])<br />{{convert|90|ft|m|abbr=on}} ([[waterline length|LWL]])
 | beam         = {{convert|89.9|ft|m|abbr=on}}
 | height         = {{convert|180|ft|m|abbr=on}}
@@ Line 26: / Line 27: @@
 | notes        =
 }}
-'''''USA-17'''''{{efn|The name shown on official documentation is USA, but the boat's name is USA 17.<ref name="voilesetvoiliers">{{cite web |url=https://translate.google.com/translate?prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=http://www.voilesetvoiliers.com/course-regate/interview-du-barreur-de-bmw-oracle-racing-usa-17-a-valencia-james-spithill/&sl=auto&tl=en |title=Interview with the BMW-Oracle Racing helmsman: James Spithill: "To better bar the USA-17, I even passed my pilot's license!" |date=26 January 2010 |language=French |accessdate=2012-04-25
+'''''USA-17'''''{{efn|The name shown on official documentation is USA, but the boat's name is USA 17.<ref name="voilesetvoiliers">{{cite web |url=https://translate.google.com/translate?prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=http://www.voilesetvoiliers.com/course-regate/interview-du-barreur-de-bmw-oracle-racing-usa-17-a-valencia-james-spithill/&sl=auto&tl=en |title=Interview with the BMW-Oracle Racing helmsman: James Spithill: "To better bar the USA-17, I even passed my pilot's license!" |date=26 January 2010 |language=fr |access-date=2012-04-25
-}}</ref><ref name="CupInfo">{{cite web|title=James Spithill Talks About BMW Oracle's Giant Multi-hull|url=http://www.cupinfo.com/en/bmwo-multihull-san-diego-spithill-002.php|website=CupInfo.com|publisher=BMW Oracle Racing in San Diego|accessdate=7 June 2017|year=2009}}</ref>}} (formerly known as '''''BMW Oracle Racing&nbsp;90''''' or '''''BOR90''''') is a [[sloop]] rigged racing trimaran built by the American sailing team [[BMW Oracle Racing]] to challenge for the [[2010 America's Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ggyc.com/09%2008%2010%20GGYC%20Press%20Statement.pdf |title=Title unknown |format=pdf |accessdate= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090823170055/http://www.ggyc.com/09%2008%2010%20GGYC%20Press%20Statement.pdf |archivedate=August 23, 2009 }}</ref><ref>
+}}</ref><ref name="CupInfo">{{cite web|title=James Spithill Talks About BMW Oracle's Giant Multi-hull|url=http://www.cupinfo.com/en/bmwo-multihull-san-diego-spithill-002.php|website=CupInfo.com|publisher=BMW Oracle Racing in San Diego|access-date=7 June 2017|year=2009}}</ref>}} (formerly known as '''''BMW Oracle Racing&nbsp;90''''' or '''''BOR90''''') is a [[sloop]] rigged racing trimaran built by the American sailing team [[BMW Oracle Racing]] to challenge for the [[2010 America's Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ggyc.com/09%2008%2010%20GGYC%20Press%20Statement.pdf |title=Title unknown |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090823170055/http://www.ggyc.com/09%2008%2010%20GGYC%20Press%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=August 23, 2009 }}</ref><ref>
 {{cite web
 |url=http://www.tdg.ch/sports/actu/alinghi-oracle-armes-duel-2009-08-17
@@ Line 33: / Line 34: @@
 |work=Tribune de Genève
 |date=18 August 2009
+}}{{dead link | date=April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://bmworacleracing.com/en/news/archive/overview.html?track.refer=/en/news/overview.html&track.type=sn |title=Title unknown |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081115225027/http://bmworacleracing.com/en/news/archive/overview.html?track.refer=%2Fen%2Fnews%2Foverview.html&track.type=sn |archive-date=November 15, 2008 }}</ref> Designed by [[VPLP]] Yacht Design with consultation from [[Franck Cammas]] and his Groupama multi-hull sailing team, ''BOR90'' is very light for her size being constructed almost entirely out of carbon fiber and epoxy resin, and exhibits very high performance being able to sail at 2.0 to 2.5&nbsp;times the true wind speed.<ref>
-|accessdate=
-}}{{dead link | date=April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://bmworacleracing.com/en/news/archive/overview.html?track.refer=/en/news/overview.html&track.type=sn |title=Title unknown |accessdate= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081115225027/http://bmworacleracing.com/en/news/archive/overview.html?track.refer=%2Fen%2Fnews%2Foverview.html&track.type=sn |archivedate=November 15, 2008 |df= }}</ref> Designed by [[VPLP]] Yacht Design with consultation from [[Franck Cammas]] and his Groupama multi-hull sailing team, ''BOR90'' is very light for her size being constructed almost entirely out of carbon fiber and epoxy resin, and exhibits very high performance being able to sail at 2.0 to 2.5&nbsp;times the true wind speed.<ref>
 {{cite news
 |url=http://www.teamusa.org/News/2008/November/07/BMW-Oracle-Racing-pushes-edge-in-90-foot-trimaran
@@ Line 40: / Line 40: @@
 |date=8 November 2008
 |publisher=TeamUSA Sports
-|accessdate=7 March 2009}}</ref> From the actual performance of the boat during the [[2010 America's Cup]] races, it can be seen that she could achieve a [[Sailing faster than the wind#Speed made good|velocity made good]] upwind of over twice the wind speed and downwind of over 2.5 times the wind speed. She can apparently sail at 20&nbsp;degrees off the apparent wind.<ref>
+|access-date=7 March 2009}}{{dead link|date=September 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> From the actual performance of the boat during the [[2010 America's Cup]] races, it can be seen that she could achieve a [[Sailing faster than the wind#Speed made good|velocity made good]] upwind of over twice the wind speed and downwind of over 2.5 times the wind speed. She can apparently sail at 20&nbsp;degrees off the apparent wind.<ref>
 {{cite web
 |url=http://www.cupinfo.com/en/bmwo-multihull-san-diego-coutts-002.php
@@ Line 48: / Line 48: @@
 |date=13 August 2009
 |work=cupinfo.com
-|accessdate=2012-04-25
+|access-date=2012-04-25
 }}</ref> The boat sails so fast downwind that the [[apparent wind]] she generates is only 5-6 degrees different from that when she is racing upwind; that is, the boat is always sailing upwind with respect to the apparent wind.<ref>
 {{cite web
@@ Line 54: / Line 54: @@
  |title       = Friday the Third. Pt 1?
  |date        = 11 February 2010
- |accessdate  = 2012-04-25
+ |access-date  = 2012-04-25
+ |url-status=dead
- |deadurl     = yes
- |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20120224134240/http://33rd.americascup.com/en/actualite/news/friday-the-third-pt-1-19-1957
+ |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20120224134240/http://33rd.americascup.com/en/actualite/news/friday-the-third-pt-1-19-1957
- |archivedate = 24 February 2012
+ |archive-date = 24 February 2012
- |df          =
 }}</ref> An explanation of this phenomenon can be found in the article on [[sailing faster than the wind]].
@@ Line 72: / Line 71: @@
 {{cite web
 |url=http://bmworacleracing.com/en/news/articles/00_09_02/0708_trials.html?track.refer=/en/index.html&track.type=home
-|author=Associated Press
+|agency=Associated Press
 |title=Team plans modifications to trimaran
 |date=2009-03-03
 |publisher=ESPN
-|accessdate=2009-06-09
+|access-date=2009-06-09
 }}{{dead link | date=April 2012}}</ref> She was further modified subsequently, in particular in October 2009 to add an engine to power hydraulic winches.<ref name="bmworacleracing.com">
 {{cite web
  |url          = http://bmworacleracing.com/en/news/current/index.html?track.refer=/en/index.html&track.type=hn
  |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20101005183340/http://bmworacleracing.com/en/news/current/index.html?track.refer=%2Fen%2Findex.html&track.type=hn
- |dead-url     = yes
+ |url-status=dead
  |archive-date = 2010-10-05
  |title        = Title unknown
- |accessdate   =
- |df           =
 }}</ref>
-On November 8, 2009, the team announced that a [[Sail#Sail types|rigid sail]] wing had been built for the yacht.{{efn|[[Stars and Stripes (yacht)#Catamaran-hull yachts|''Stars and Stripes'']], a catamaran with this type of rigid sail (a wing) won the [[1988 America's Cup]].}} The [[wingsail]] was initially {{convert|190|ft|m}} tall and some 80&nbsp;percent larger than the wing of a [[Boeing 747]] airplane; it was later extended to {{convert|223|ft|m}}.<ref>
+On November 8, 2009, the team announced that a [[Sail#Types|rigid sail]] wing had been built for the yacht.{{efn|[[Stars and Stripes (yacht)#Catamaran-hull yachts|''Stars and Stripes'']], a catamaran with this type of rigid sail (a wing) won the [[1988 America's Cup]].}} The [[wingsail]] was initially {{convert|190|ft|m}} tall and some 80&nbsp;percent larger than the wing of a [[Boeing 747]] airplane; it was later extended to {{convert|223|ft|m}}.<ref>
 {{cite web
 |url=http://bmworacleracing.com/en/news/articles/00_pr/news15.html?track.refer=/en/news/current/overview.html&track.type=news
 |title=Title unknown
-|accessdate=
 }}{{dead link | date=April 2012}}</ref> The wing has a very high [[Aspect ratio (wing)|aspect ratio]], meaning that it is very tall and narrow. It can change [[camber (aerodynamics)|camber]] to adjust [[lift (force)|lift]] in order to optimize performance. The wing consists of two main elements, separated by a vertical slot through which air can flow. The rear element is made up of several separate sections, whose angle can be adjusted separately, much like the [[flap (aircraft)|flaps]] on an airplane's [[wing]]. Thus the lift of the sail can be controlled very finely, both overall, and for each section.
-The wing is more efficient than a traditional soft-sail rig setup. On November 10, BMW reported that they hit {{convert|32|mph|kn}} boat speed in a {{convert|10|kn|adj=on}} reported wind speed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bmworacleracing.com/en/news/archive/index.html?track.refer=/en/frame/overview/top_americas_cup.4ml&track.type=hn |title=Title unknown |accessdate= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103012847/http://bmworacleracing.com/en/news/archive/index.html?track.refer=%2Fen%2Fframe%2Foverview%2Ftop_americas_cup.4ml&track.type=hn |archivedate=January 3, 2010 |df= }}</ref> During the first race of the 2010 America's Cup, ''USA 17'' was able to sail upwind faster than ''[[Alinghi 5]]'' even without a [[jib]]. Since the sail area of ''USA 17''{{'}}s wing is much larger than the sail area of ''Alinghi 5''{{'}}s mainsail and jib combined, it is clear that the rigid wing is much more efficient than even high-performance traditional sails.
+The wing is more efficient than a traditional soft-sail rig setup. On November 10, BMW reported that they hit {{convert|32|mph|kn}} boat speed in a {{convert|10|kn|adj=on}} reported wind speed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bmworacleracing.com/en/news/archive/index.html?track.refer=/en/frame/overview/top_americas_cup.4ml&track.type=hn |title=Title unknown |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103012847/http://bmworacleracing.com/en/news/archive/index.html?track.refer=%2Fen%2Fframe%2Foverview%2Ftop_americas_cup.4ml&track.type=hn |archive-date=January 3, 2010 }}</ref> During the first race of the 2010 America's Cup, ''USA 17'' was able to sail upwind faster than ''[[Alinghi 5]]'' even without a [[jib]]. Since the sail area of ''USA 17''{{'}}s wing is much larger than the sail area of ''Alinghi 5''{{'}}s mainsail and jib combined, it is clear that the rigid wing is much more efficient than even high-performance traditional sails.
 ===America's Cup===
@@ Line 104: / Line 100: @@
 ====Race 1====
 The first race of the 2010 America's Cup took place on February 12, 2010. ''USA 17'' beat the defender, ''Alinghi 5''. ''USA 17'' started behind by 1:27 after [[Racing Rules of Sailing|start box maneuvering]] with ''Alinghi'',<ref>{{cite AV media
- | people =
  | date =2010-02-12
  | title =OTW R1 (4)
  | medium =online video
  | url =https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fkw3VauwNfU
- | accessdate =2014-05-14
+ | access-date =2014-05-14
- | format =
  | time =2m15s - 3m44s
  | location =Valencia, Spain
@@ Line 118: / Line 112: @@
  |url         = http://33rd.americascup.com/en/actualite/news/first-blood-to-usa-19-2362
  |title       = First Blood to USA
- |accessdate  = 2012-04-21
+ |access-date  = 2012-04-21
+ |url-status=dead
- |deadurl     = yes
- |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20120531022511/http://33rd.americascup.com/en/actualite/news/first-blood-to-usa-19-2362
+ |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20120531022511/http://33rd.americascup.com/en/actualite/news/first-blood-to-usa-19-2362
- |archivedate = 2012-05-31
+ |archive-date = 2012-05-31
- |df          =
 }}</ref>
@@ Line 133: / Line 126: @@
 |first=Pierre
 |date=13 February 2010
-|language=French
+|language=fr
-|accessdate=2012-04-21
+|access-date=2012-04-21
 }}</ref><ref name=numbers>
 {{cite web
@@ Line 140: / Line 133: @@
  |title       = America's Cup, the numbers of a victory
  |publisher   = Yacht Online
- |accessdate  = 2010-03-09
+ |access-date  = 2010-03-09
+ |url-status=dead
- |deadurl     = yes
- |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110722070527/http://www.yachtonline.it/americas-cup-2010-valencia/americas-cup-the-numbers-of-a-victory
+ |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110722070527/http://www.yachtonline.it/americas-cup-2010-valencia/americas-cup-the-numbers-of-a-victory
- |archivedate = 2011-07-22
+ |archive-date = 2011-07-22
- |df          =
 }}</ref>{{efn|See minutes 30 and 59 of podcast interview with ''USA 17'' designer Mike Drummond.<ref name="omegatau2">
   {{cite web
@@ Line 151: / Line 143: @@
   | publisher=Omega Tau
   |date=20 July 2011
-  |accessdate=12 August 2011
+  |access-date=12 August 2011
   }}</ref>}}
-The measured wind velocity is taken at near sea level, and does not account for effects of [[Wind gradient#Sailing|wind gradient]] with reported true wind speed of {{convert|15|kn}} at mast head height of over {{convert|60|m}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fillmedia.com/americas-cup-2010-33rd-americas-cup-2010-race-2-live-stream-7730.htm |title=Title unknown |accessdate= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711001558/http://www.fillmedia.com/americas-cup-2010-33rd-americas-cup-2010-race-2-live-stream-7730.htm |archivedate=July 11, 2011 }}</ref> The measured sea-level wind direction shifted away from 180 degrees between the time of setting of the course and commencement of sailing of the downwind leg, by which time wind direction was reported to be at around 160 degrees.<ref>
+The measured wind velocity is taken at near sea level, and does not account for effects of [[Wind gradient#Sailing|wind gradient]] with reported true wind speed of {{convert|15|kn}} at mast head height of over {{convert|60|m}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fillmedia.com/americas-cup-2010-33rd-americas-cup-2010-race-2-live-stream-7730.htm |title=Title unknown |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711001558/http://www.fillmedia.com/americas-cup-2010-33rd-americas-cup-2010-race-2-live-stream-7730.htm |archive-date=July 11, 2011 }}</ref> The measured sea-level wind direction shifted away from 180 degrees between the time of setting of the course and commencement of sailing of the downwind leg, by which time wind direction was reported to be at around 160 degrees.<ref>
 {{cite web
 |url=http://33rd.americascup.com/en/regate/regarder-la-course/show.html
 |title=Live Video Coverage of the Event
-|accessdate=2012-04-25
+|access-date=2012-04-25
+|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309053911/http://33rd.americascup.com/en/regate/regarder-la-course/show.html
-}}{{Failed verification | date=April 2012}}</ref> As such the ratio between downwind [[velocity made good]] and wind speed is an approximation only.
+|archive-date=2012-03-09
+|url-status=dead
+}}</ref>{{Failed verification | date=April 2012}} As such the ratio between downwind [[velocity made good]] and wind speed is an approximation only.
 ====Race 2====
@@ Line 167: / Line 162: @@
  |title       = USA win 33rd America's Cup Match – News – 33rd America's Cup
  |publisher   = Americascup.com
- |date        =
+ |access-date  = 2010-02-15
+ |url-status=dead
- |accessdate  = 2010-02-15
+ |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110707133827/http://33rd.americascup.com/en/actualite/news/usa-win-33rd-america-s-cup-match-19-2827
- |deadurl     = yes
+ |archive-date = 2011-07-07
- |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110707133827/http://33rd.americascup.com/en/actualite/news/usa-win-33rd-america-s-cup-match-19-2827
- |archivedate = 2011-07-07
- |df          =
 }}</ref>
@@ Line 181: / Line 174: @@
 |publisher=BMW ORACLE Racing
 |date=2003-09-30
-|accessdate=2010-02-15
+|access-date=2010-02-15
 }}{{dead link | date=April 2012}}</ref>
@@ Line 196: / Line 189: @@
 ==External links==
-{{Commons category|USA 17 (ship)}}
+{{Commons category|USA 17 (ship, 2008)}}
-*[http://galleries.sandiegobayshots.com/ BOR 90 Trials] Bayshots Images
+*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090716230146/http://galleries.sandiegobayshots.com/ BOR 90 Trials] Bayshots Images
 *[http://bmworacleracing.com/en/index.html BMW Oracle Racing] official site
 *[http://www.vplp.fr/realisation/oracle-usa17/58.html VPLP Yacht Design]
 *[http://www.bymnews.com/photos/thumbnails.php?album=240 Hundreds of images of the BOR 90]
-*[http://abcnews.go.com/video/playerIndex?id=6455028 ABC News Story on BOR and the BOR90 (video)]
+*[https://abcnews.go.com/video/playerIndex?id=6455028 ABC News Story on BOR and the BOR90 (video)]
 *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y-ITwzCb_6E CBS News Story on BOR and the BOR90 (video)]
 *[http://www.americascup.com 35th America's Cup] official site
@@ Line 217: / Line 210: @@
 [[Category:Sailing yachts of the United States]]
 [[Category:2010 America's Cup]]
+[[Category:Oracle Team USA]]

v t e America's Cup
Deed of Gift Challengers and defenders Competing yacht clubs History of the America's Cup
Editions	1851 1870 1871 1876 1881 1885 1886 1887 1893 1895 1899 1901 1903 1914 (postponed) 1920 1930 1934 1937 1958 1962 1964 1967 1970 1974 1977 1980 1983 1987 1988 1992 1995 2000 2003 2007 2010 2013 2017 2021 2024
Challenger Selection Series Herbert Pell Cup (1958–1980) Louis Vuitton Cup (1983–2017 & 2024) Prada Cup (2021)	1970 1974 1977 1980 1983 1987 1992 1995 2000 2003 2007 2013 2017 2021 2024
Defender Selection Series Citizen Cup (1992–1995)	1987 1992 1995
Class	J Class 12-Metre yachts IACC yachts regattas AC72 AC45 AC50 AC45F AC75
Related	Challenger America (yacht) Louis Vuitton Pacific Series Louis Vuitton Trophy AC45 World Series Italy at the America's Cup
Media	Wind (film) The Wind Gods (film) The Billionaire and the Mechanic (book)

v t e America's Cup defender and challenger yachts
List
Defenders	1851: 14 yachts 1870: 17 yachts 1871: Columbia & Sappho 1876: Madeleine 1881: Mischief 1885: Puritan 1886: Mayflower 1887: Volunteer 1893: Vigilant 1895: Defender 1899: Columbia 1901: Columbia 1903: Reliance 1920: Resolute 1930: Enterprise 1934: Rainbow 1937: Ranger 1958: Columbia 1962: Weatherly 1964: Constellation 1967: Intrepid 1970: Intrepid 1974: Courageous 1977: Courageous 1980: Freedom 1983: Liberty 1987: Kookaburra III 1988: Stars & Stripes 88 1992: America³ 1995: Young America 2000: NZL 60 2003: NZL 82 2007: SUI 100 2010: Alinghi 5 2013: Oracle Team USA 17 2017: 17 2021: Te Rehutai
Challengers	1851: America 1870: Cambria 1871: Livonia 1876: Countess of Dufferin 1881: Atalanta 1885: Genesta 1886: Galatea 1887: Thistle 1893: Valkyrie II 1895: Valkyrie III 1899: Shamrock 1901: Shamrock II 1903: Shamrock III 1920: Shamrock IV 1930: Shamrock V 1934: Endeavour 1937: Endeavour II 1958: Sceptre 1962: Gretel 1964: Sovereign 1967: Dame Pattie 1970: Gretel II 1974: Southern Cross 1977: Australia 1980: Australia 1983: Australia II 1987: Stars & Stripes 87 1988: KZ1 1992: Il Moro di Venezia V 1995: NZL 32 2000: Luna Rossa 2003: SUI 64 2007: NZL 92 2010: USA 17 2013: Aotearoa 2017: Aotearoa 2021: Luna Rossa
see also: Yacht clubs