Ray Crawford: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|American pilot, race-car driver and businessman}} |
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{{about|the racecar driver| |
{{about|the racecar driver|other people|Ray Crawford (disambiguation)}} |
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{{ |
{{More citations needed|date=December 2009}} |
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{{Infobox F1 driver |
{{Infobox F1 driver |
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| name = Ray Crawford |
| name = Ray Crawford |
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| nationality = {{flagicon|USA}} |
| nationality = {{flagicon|USA}} American |
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| birth_date = {{birth date|1915|10|26|df=y}} |
| birth_date = {{birth date|1915|10|26|df=y}} |
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| birth_place = [[Roswell, New Mexico]] | |
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| death_date = {{death date and age|1996|2|1|1915|10|26|df=y}} |
| death_date = {{death date and age|1996|2|1|1915|10|26|df=y}} |
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| death_place = [[Los Angeles, California]] | |
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| Years = {{F1|1955}}–{{F1|1959}} |
| Years = {{F1|1955}}–{{F1|1959}} |
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| Team(s) = [[Elder (constructor)|Elder]], [[Kurtis Kraft]] |
| Team(s) = [[Elder (constructor)|Elder]], [[Kurtis Kraft]] |
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| Last race = [[1959 Indianapolis 500]] |
| Last race = [[1959 Indianapolis 500]] |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Ray Crawford''' (October 26, 1915 |
'''Ray Crawford''' (October 26, 1915 – February 1, 1996) was an American fighter ace, test pilot, race-car driver and businessman. |
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==Biography== |
==Biography== |
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[[File:P80-1 300.jpg|thumbnail|right|Crawford was one of the first pilots certified on the P-80 ''Shooting Star.'']] |
[[File:P80-1 300.jpg|thumbnail|right|Crawford was one of the first pilots certified on the P-80 ''Shooting Star.'']] |
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Born in [[Roswell, New Mexico]], Crawford served as a U.S. Army Air Corps [[fighter pilot]] and flew the [[P-38 Lightning]] in combat over North Africa in 1943. He was tied as the top-ranking fighter ace of the 97th Fighter Squadron with six enemy aircraft confirmed destroyed and one probably destroyed. Rotated home, he eventually became an early jet pilot. At war's end Crawford was evaluating the Lockheed [[P-80 Shooting Star]] at Burbank, California and was to have flown the very aircraft that fighter ace [[Richard Bong]] was eventually killed in. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Air Medal with fourteen Oak Leaf Clusters before separating from active duty as a Captain in February, 1946. Crawford remained in the Air Force Reserves until April 1953. |
Born in [[Roswell, New Mexico]], Crawford served as a U.S. Army Air Corps [[fighter pilot]] and flew the [[P-38 Lightning]] in combat over North Africa in 1943. He was tied as the top-ranking fighter ace of the [[97th Flying Training Squadron|97th Fighter Squadron]] with six enemy aircraft confirmed destroyed and one probably destroyed. Rotated home, he eventually became an early jet pilot. At war's end Crawford was evaluating the Lockheed [[P-80 Shooting Star]] at Burbank, California and was to have flown the very aircraft that fighter ace [[Richard Bong]] was eventually killed in. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Air Medal with fourteen Oak Leaf Clusters before separating from active duty as a Captain in February, 1946.<ref>{{Cite web |title=RetroIndy: Indy 500 drivers who served in the military |url=https://www.indystar.com/story/sports/motor/indy-500/2019/05/23/retroindy-indy-500-drivers-served-military-war-indianapolis-500-history/3539022002/ |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=The Indianapolis Star |language=en-US}}</ref> Crawford remained in the Air Force Reserves until April 1953. |
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[[File:Lockheed P-38J Lightning - 1.jpg|thumbnail|left|A P-38 ''Lightning'', similar to Crawford's.]] |
[[File:Lockheed P-38J Lightning - 1.jpg|thumbnail|left|A P-38 ''Lightning'', similar to Crawford's.]] |
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Crawford was introduced to racing by [[Sam Hanks]], a former high school classmate, and competed notably with unlimited hydroplanes and automobiles. He drove in the [[American Automobile Association|AAA]] and [[United States Automobile Club|USAC]] [[Championship Car]] series, racing in the 1954-59 seasons with 9 starts, including the [[Indianapolis 500]] races in 1955-56, and 1959. In 1954, he won the stock-car class of the [[Carrera Panamericana]] (a nine-stage, five-day race across Mexico) in a [[Lincoln (automobile)|Lincoln]]. He also finished 7th and 4th in the invitational "Race of Two Worlds" events held at Monza Autodrome, Italy in 1957 and 1958, respectively. |
Crawford was introduced to racing by [[Sam Hanks]], a former high school classmate, and competed notably with unlimited hydroplanes and automobiles. He drove in the [[American Automobile Association|AAA]] and [[United States Automobile Club|USAC]] [[Championship Car]] series, racing in the 1954-59 seasons with 9 starts, including the [[Indianapolis 500]] races in 1955-56, and 1959. In 1954, he won the stock-car class of the [[Carrera Panamericana]] (a nine-stage, five-day race across Mexico) in a [[Lincoln (automobile)|Lincoln]]. He also finished 7th and 4th in the invitational "Race of Two Worlds" events held at [[Autodromo_Nazionale_Monza|Monza Autodrome]], Italy in 1957 and 1958, respectively. |
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In 1955, Crawford drove a Lincoln-Kurtis sports car at the [[12 Hours of Sebring]] and finished the race in thirteenth position after running the entire length without a co-driver. To date, he is the only driver to have completed the race without relief of any kind. |
In 1955, Crawford drove a Lincoln-Kurtis sports car at the [[12 Hours of Sebring]] and finished the race in thirteenth position after running the entire length without a co-driver. To date, he is the only driver to have completed the race without relief of any kind. |
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Crawford's family owned a successful supermarket chain based in El Monte, California which led to his nickname, "The Flying Grocer." Crawford was one of the first owner-drivers of the post-war era at the [[Indianapolis Motor Speedway]] and raced his own privately funded cars throughout his career. The only exception came in 1956, when Crawford raced the [[12 Hours of Sebring]] for Chevrolet's inaugural [[Corvette]] team. He was also the driver of Corvette's experimental [[SR-2]] at the Bahamas Speedweeks event that December. Cars owned by Crawford also qualified for the [[Indianapolis 500]] with other drivers in 1953, 1954 and 1962. |
Crawford's family owned a successful supermarket chain based in [[El Monte, California]] which led to his nickname, "The Flying Grocer." Crawford was one of the first owner-drivers of the post-war era at the [[Indianapolis Motor Speedway]] and raced his own privately funded cars throughout his career. The only exception came in 1956, when Crawford raced the [[12 Hours of Sebring]] for Chevrolet's inaugural [[Chevrolet Corvette|Corvette]] team. He was also the driver of Corvette's experimental [[Chevrolet Corvette (C1)|SR-2]] at the Bahamas Speedweeks event that December. Cars owned by Crawford also qualified for the [[Indianapolis 500]] with other drivers in 1953, 1954 and 1962. |
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Serious injuries received during a crash at the 1959 Indianapolis 500 curtailed Crawford's driving career. |
Serious injuries received during a crash at the 1959 Indianapolis 500 curtailed Crawford's driving career. |
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Speed legend [[Mickey Thompson]] cites Crawford as an early influence in his autobiography, ''Challenger''. Crawford provided Thompson with his first exposure to the Indianapolis 500 as a member of his pit crew. |
Speed legend [[Mickey Thompson]] cites Crawford as an early influence in his autobiography, ''Challenger''. Crawford provided Thompson with his first exposure to the Indianapolis 500 as a member of his pit crew. |
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Crawford died in [[Los Angeles, California]] on February 1, 1996 after battling Alzheimer's disease and is buried at Riverside National Cemetery, Riverside California. |
Crawford died in [[Los Angeles, California]] on February 1, 1996 after battling [[Alzheimer's disease]] and is buried at [[Riverside National Cemetery]], Riverside California. He is the subject of a 2015 biography by Andrew Layton titled ''Ray Crawford - Speed Merchant''. Dick Wallen, a noted auto racing photographer and publisher, also contributed to the book. |
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==World War II Aerial Victory credits== |
==World War II Aerial Victory credits== |
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|March 1, 1943 |
|March 1, 1943 |
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|align="right" |2 |
|align="right" |2 |
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|[[Messerschmitt Bf 109]]s; On bomber escort |
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|- |
|- |
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|March 22, 1943 |
|March 22, 1943 |
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|align="right" |1 |
|align="right" |1 |
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|Messerschmitt |
|Messerschmitt Bf 109 (Probably destroyed) |
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|- |
|- |
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|April 5, 1943 |
|April 5, 1943 |
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|align="right" |1 |
|align="right" |1 |
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|Messerschmitt |
|Messerschmitt Bf 109 |
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|- |
|- |
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|April 11, 1943 |
|April 11, 1943 |
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|align="right" |2 |
|align="right" |2 |
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|[[Junkers Ju 52]] Transports; Ace status |
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|- |
|- |
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|June 15, 1943 |
|June 15, 1943 |
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|align="right" |1 |
|align="right" |1 |
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|[[Macchi 202]] |
|[[Macchi C.202]] |
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|} |
|} |
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==Awards and decorations== |
==Awards and decorations== |
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Crawford's ribbons as they appeared upon separation from the armed forces in 1953. |
Crawford's ribbons as they appeared upon separation from the armed forces in 1953. |
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{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;" |
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|colspan="12"|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|ribbon=Distinguished Flying Cross ribbon.svg|width=106}}{{Ribbon devices|number=12|type=|other_device=|ribbon=Air Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}} |
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<center> |
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{| |
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|- |
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|- |
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| |
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</center> |
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|- |
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</center> |
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|- |
|- |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number= |
|{{Ribbon devices|number=1|type=|other_device=|ribbon=Air Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}} |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number= |
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=American Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}} |
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⚫ | |||
|- |
|- |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number= |
|{{Ribbon devices|number=4|type=service-star|ribbon=European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign ribbon.svg|width=106}} |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type= |
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|ribbon=World War II Victory Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}} |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type |
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|ribbon=National Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}} |
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|- |
|- |
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|} |
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|{{Ribbon devices|number=4|type=service-star|ribbon=European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign ribbon.svg|width=100}} |
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⚫ | |||
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|ribbon=National Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=100}} |
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|} </center> |
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From top, and from left to right: |
From top, and from left to right: |
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! [[Kurtis Kraft]] 500B |
! [[Kurtis Kraft]] 500B |
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! [[Offenhauser]] [[Straight-4|L4]] |
! [[Offenhauser]] [[Straight-4|L4]] |
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| [[1955 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]] |
| [[1955 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]] |
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| [[1955 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]] |
| [[1955 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]] |
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| |
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[1955 Indianapolis 500|500]]<br>{{small|23}} |
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| [[1955 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]] |
| [[1955 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]] |
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| [[1955 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]] |
| [[1955 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]] |
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| [[1955 British Grand Prix|GBR]] |
| [[1955 British Grand Prix|GBR]] |
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| [[1955 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] |
| [[1955 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] |
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| |
| |
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| |
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! [[Kurtis Kraft]] 500B |
! [[Kurtis Kraft]] 500B |
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! [[Offenhauser]] [[Straight-4|L4]] |
! [[Offenhauser]] [[Straight-4|L4]] |
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| [[1956 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]] |
| [[1956 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]] |
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| [[1956 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]] |
| [[1956 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]] |
||
| |
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[1956 Indianapolis 500|500]]<br>{{small|29}} |
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| [[1956 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]] |
| [[1956 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]] |
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| [[1956 French Grand Prix|FRA]] |
| [[1956 French Grand Prix|FRA]] |
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| [[1956 British Grand Prix|GBR]] |
| [[1956 British Grand Prix|GBR]] |
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| [[1956 German Grand Prix|GER]] |
| [[1956 German Grand Prix|GER]] |
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| [[1956 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] |
| [[1956 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] |
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| |
| |
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| |
| |
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! [[Kurtis Kraft]] 500G |
! [[Kurtis Kraft]] 500G |
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! [[Offenhauser]] [[Straight-4|L4]] |
! [[Offenhauser]] [[Straight-4|L4]] |
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| [[1957 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]] |
| [[1957 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]] |
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| [[1957 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]] |
| [[1957 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]] |
||
| |
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| [[1957 Indianapolis 500|500]]<br>{{small|DNQ}} |
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| [[1957 French Grand Prix|FRA]] |
| [[1957 French Grand Prix|FRA]] |
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| [[1957 British Grand Prix|GBR]] |
| [[1957 British Grand Prix|GBR]] |
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| [[1957 German Grand Prix|GER]] |
| [[1957 German Grand Prix|GER]] |
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| [[1957 Pescara Grand Prix|PES]] |
| [[1957 Pescara Grand Prix|PES]] |
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| [[1957 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] |
| [[1957 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] |
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| |
| |
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| |
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! [[Kurtis Kraft]] 500G |
! [[Kurtis Kraft]] 500G |
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! [[Offenhauser]] [[Straight-4|L4]] |
! [[Offenhauser]] [[Straight-4|L4]] |
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| [[1958 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]] |
| [[1958 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]] |
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| [[1958 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]] |
| [[1958 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]] |
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| [[1958 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]] |
| [[1958 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]] |
||
| |
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| [[1958 Indianapolis 500|500]]<br>{{small|DNQ}} |
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| [[1958 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]] |
| [[1958 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]] |
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| [[1958 French Grand Prix|FRA]] |
| [[1958 French Grand Prix|FRA]] |
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| [[1958 British Grand Prix|GBR]] |
| [[1958 British Grand Prix|GBR]] |
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| [[1958 German Grand Prix|GER]] |
| [[1958 German Grand Prix|GER]] |
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| [[1958 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]] |
| [[1958 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]] |
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| [[1958 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] |
| [[1958 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] |
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| [[1958 Moroccan Grand Prix|MOR]] |
| [[1958 Moroccan Grand Prix|MOR]] |
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! NC |
! NC |
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! 0 |
! 0 |
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! [[Elder (constructor)|Elder]] |
! [[Elder (constructor)|Elder]] |
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! [[Offenhauser]] [[Straight-4|L4]] |
! [[Offenhauser]] [[Straight-4|L4]] |
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| [[1959 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]] |
| [[1959 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]] |
||
| |
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[1959 Indianapolis 500|500]]<br>{{small|23}} |
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| [[1959 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]] |
| [[1959 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]] |
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| [[1959 French Grand Prix|FRA]] |
| [[1959 French Grand Prix|FRA]] |
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| [[1959 British Grand Prix|GBR]] |
| [[1959 British Grand Prix|GBR]] |
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| [[1959 German Grand Prix|GER]] |
| [[1959 German Grand Prix|GER]] |
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| [[1959 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]] |
| [[1959 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]] |
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| [[1959 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] |
| [[1959 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] |
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| [[1959 United States Grand Prix|USA]] |
| [[1959 United States Grand Prix|USA]] |
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| |
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|} |
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==References== |
== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
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* Bong, Carl. ''Dear Mom: So We Have a War.'' Burgess Publishing, 1993. |
* Bong, Carl. ''Dear Mom: So We Have a War.'' Burgess Publishing, 1993. |
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* Thompson, Mickey and Griffith Borgeson. ''Challenger: Mickey |
* Thompson, Mickey and Griffith Borgeson. ''Challenger: Mickey Thompson's Own Story of His Life of Speed.'' Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1964. |
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*{{Cite book |title=Layton, Andrew. ''Ray Crawford - Speed Merchant''. Revolution Press, 2015.|isbn=978-1513603230 |last1=Layton |first1=Andrew |year=2015 }} |
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{{Persondata |
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| NAME =Crawford, Ray |
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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = |
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American racing driver |
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| DATE OF BIRTH =October 26, 1915 |
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| PLACE OF BIRTH = |
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| DATE OF DEATH =February 1, 1996 |
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| PLACE OF DEATH = |
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}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Crawford, Ray}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Crawford, Ray}} |
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[[Category:1915 births]] |
[[Category:1915 births]] |
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[[Category:1996 deaths]] |
[[Category:1996 deaths]] |
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[[Category:American |
[[Category:American test pilots]] |
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[[Category:Indianapolis 500 drivers]] |
[[Category:Indianapolis 500 drivers]] |
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[[Category:People from Roswell, New Mexico]] |
[[Category:People from Roswell, New Mexico]] |
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[[Category:Racing drivers from New Mexico]] |
[[Category:Racing drivers from New Mexico]] |
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[[Category:Recipients of the Air Medal]] |
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[[Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)]] |
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[[Category:United States Army Air Forces pilots of World War II]] |
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[[Category:World Sportscar Championship drivers]] |
[[Category:World Sportscar Championship drivers]] |
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[[Category:Military personnel from New Mexico]] |
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[[Category:Carrera Panamericana drivers]] |
Latest revision as of 17:04, 18 September 2023
This article needs additional citations for verification. (December 2009) |
Born | Roswell, New Mexico | 26 October 1915
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Died | 1 February 1996 Los Angeles, California | (aged 80)
Formula One World Championship career | |
Nationality | American |
Active years | 1955–1959 |
Teams | Elder, Kurtis Kraft |
Entries | 5 (3 starts) |
Championships | 0 |
Wins | 0 |
Podiums | 0 |
Career points | 0 |
Pole positions | 0 |
Fastest laps | 0 |
First entry | 1955 Indianapolis 500 |
Last entry | 1959 Indianapolis 500 |
Ray Crawford (October 26, 1915 – February 1, 1996) was an American fighter ace, test pilot, race-car driver and businessman.
Biography[edit]
Born in Roswell, New Mexico, Crawford served as a U.S. Army Air Corps fighter pilot and flew the P-38 Lightning in combat over North Africa in 1943. He was tied as the top-ranking fighter ace of the 97th Fighter Squadron with six enemy aircraft confirmed destroyed and one probably destroyed. Rotated home, he eventually became an early jet pilot. At war's end Crawford was evaluating the Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star at Burbank, California and was to have flown the very aircraft that fighter ace Richard Bong was eventually killed in. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Air Medal with fourteen Oak Leaf Clusters before separating from active duty as a Captain in February, 1946.[1] Crawford remained in the Air Force Reserves until April 1953.
Crawford was introduced to racing by Sam Hanks, a former high school classmate, and competed notably with unlimited hydroplanes and automobiles. He drove in the AAA and USAC Championship Car series, racing in the 1954-59 seasons with 9 starts, including the Indianapolis 500 races in 1955-56, and 1959. In 1954, he won the stock-car class of the Carrera Panamericana (a nine-stage, five-day race across Mexico) in a Lincoln. He also finished 7th and 4th in the invitational "Race of Two Worlds" events held at Monza Autodrome, Italy in 1957 and 1958, respectively.
In 1955, Crawford drove a Lincoln-Kurtis sports car at the 12 Hours of Sebring and finished the race in thirteenth position after running the entire length without a co-driver. To date, he is the only driver to have completed the race without relief of any kind.
Crawford's family owned a successful supermarket chain based in El Monte, California which led to his nickname, "The Flying Grocer." Crawford was one of the first owner-drivers of the post-war era at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway and raced his own privately funded cars throughout his career. The only exception came in 1956, when Crawford raced the 12 Hours of Sebring for Chevrolet's inaugural Corvette team. He was also the driver of Corvette's experimental SR-2 at the Bahamas Speedweeks event that December. Cars owned by Crawford also qualified for the Indianapolis 500 with other drivers in 1953, 1954 and 1962.
Serious injuries received during a crash at the 1959 Indianapolis 500 curtailed Crawford's driving career.
Speed legend Mickey Thompson cites Crawford as an early influence in his autobiography, Challenger. Crawford provided Thompson with his first exposure to the Indianapolis 500 as a member of his pit crew.
Crawford died in Los Angeles, California on February 1, 1996 after battling Alzheimer's disease and is buried at Riverside National Cemetery, Riverside California. He is the subject of a 2015 biography by Andrew Layton titled Ray Crawford - Speed Merchant. Dick Wallen, a noted auto racing photographer and publisher, also contributed to the book.
World War II Aerial Victory credits[edit]
Date | Kills | Location/Comment |
---|---|---|
March 1, 1943 | 2 | Messerschmitt Bf 109s; On bomber escort |
March 22, 1943 | 1 | Messerschmitt Bf 109 (Probably destroyed) |
April 5, 1943 | 1 | Messerschmitt Bf 109 |
April 11, 1943 | 2 | Junkers Ju 52 Transports; Ace status |
June 15, 1943 | 1 | Macchi C.202 |
Awards and decorations[edit]
Crawford's ribbons as they appeared upon separation from the armed forces in 1953.
From top, and from left to right:
- Row 1: Distinguished Flying Cross, Air Medal, with 14 oak leaf clusters,
- Row 2: Air Medal, continued, American Defense Service Medal, American Campaign Medal,
- Row 3: European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal, World War II Victory Medal, National Defense Service Medal
Indy 500 results[edit]
|
|
Complete Formula One World Championship results[edit]
(key)
Year | Entrant | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | WDC | Points |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1955 | Ray Crawford | Kurtis Kraft 500B | Offenhauser L4 | ARG | MON | 500 23 |
BEL | NED | GBR | ITA | NC | 0 | ||||
1956 | Ray Crawford | Kurtis Kraft 500B | Offenhauser L4 | ARG | MON | 500 29 |
BEL | FRA | GBR | GER | ITA | NC | 0 | |||
1957 | Meguiar's Mirror / Crawford | Kurtis Kraft 500G | Offenhauser L4 | ARG | MON | 500 DNQ |
FRA | GBR | GER | PES | ITA | NC | 0 | |||
1958 | Meguiar's Mirror / Crawford | Kurtis Kraft 500G | Offenhauser L4 | ARG | MON | NED | 500 DNQ |
BEL | FRA | GBR | GER | POR | ITA | MOR | NC | 0 |
1959 | Meguiar's Mirror / Crawford | Elder | Offenhauser L4 | MON | 500 23 |
NED | FRA | GBR | GER | POR | ITA | USA | NC | 0 |
References[edit]
- ^ "RetroIndy: Indy 500 drivers who served in the military". The Indianapolis Star. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
- Bong, Carl. Dear Mom: So We Have a War. Burgess Publishing, 1993.
- Thompson, Mickey and Griffith Borgeson. Challenger: Mickey Thompson's Own Story of His Life of Speed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1964.
- Layton, Andrew (2015). Layton, Andrew. Ray Crawford - Speed Merchant. Revolution Press, 2015. ISBN 978-1513603230.
- 1915 births
- 1996 deaths
- American test pilots
- Indianapolis 500 drivers
- People from Roswell, New Mexico
- Racing drivers from New Mexico
- Recipients of the Air Medal
- Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
- United States Army Air Forces pilots of World War II
- World Sportscar Championship drivers
- Military personnel from New Mexico
- Carrera Panamericana drivers