Kymograph: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Mechanical analog measuring device}} |
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A '''kymograph''' (which means 'wave writer') is a device that gives a graphical representation of spatial position over time in which a spatial axis represents time. It basically consists of a revolving drum wrapped with a sheet of paper on which a [[stylus]] moves back and forth recording perceived changes of phenomena such as motion or pressure.<ref>[http://www3.uakron.edu/ahap/apparatus/apparatus.phtml?code_id=6&app_id=428 Photo and Description of a 1903 kymograph]</ref> |
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{{Infobox diagnostic | |
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Name = Kymograph | |
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Image = File:General physiology; an outline of the science of life (1899) (14779699911).jpg|thumb| |
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Caption = ''Ludwigs kymograph.'' One limb of the manometer is connected to a stylus which writes on the kymograph. Below: kymograph recording | |
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MeshID = D007734 | |
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OPS301 = | |
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}} |
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A '''kymograph''' (from Greek |
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The kymograph was initially a mechanical and hydraulic device, invented by German [[physiologist]] [[Carl Ludwig]] in the 1840s, and found its first use as a means to monitor [[blood pressure]]. The blood pressure was conveyed by hydraulics and levers to move a stylus that scratched a white trace into soot-covered paper on the revolving drum. Time is represented by the drum's rotation rate, and was recorded by a second stylus driven by a clock or tuning fork. The kymograph almost immediately became the central instrument in physiology and physiology education. Throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, researchers and technicians devised many improvements to the device, plus numerous new sensory components to measure a wide range of physiological phenomena such as breathing, muscle movement, and speech. New detection and registration systems included electrical and electronic methods, and plotted in ink.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kwan|first=Alistair|title="Do not kill guinea pig before setting up apparatus": the kymograph's lost educational context|year= 2016 |url=http://teorievedy.flu.cas.cz/index.php/tv/article/view/345|journal=Teorie Vědy|volume=38|pages=301–335}}</ref> |
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It was invented by German [[physiologist]] [[Carl Ludwig]] in the 1840s and found its first use as a means to intrusively monitor [[blood pressure]], and has found several applications in the field of medicine.<ref>[http://www.psych.utoronto.ca/museum/verticalkym.htm Primary source texts and quotes on kymographs]</ref> Its primary use was to measure phenomena such as changes in muscular contractions or other physiological processes, including speech sounds. Kymographs were also used to measure atmospheric pressure, tuning fork vibrations, and the functioning of steam engines. |
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Kymographs were also used outside medical science to measure atmospheric pressure, tuning fork vibrations, the functioning of steam engines, animal habits, and the movement of molecules in cells. |
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== Kymography in experimental physiology == |
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The kymograph is generally used to study the effects of [[xenobiotics]] on tissue preparations. It is a standalone recording apparatus used alongside other apparatuses such as organ baths. Writing levers are used to trace the recording from muscle contractions. Some of the commonly used writing levers are the simple lever, the frontal writing lever and the starling heart lever. These writing levers are connected to a [[wikt:fulcrum|fulcrum]] which is found on a secondary apparatus.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Fundamentals of experimental pharmacology|last= M.N. Ghosh; J.R. Vedasiromoni|year=2015 |isbn=978-8190296502|edition= Sixth |location=Kolkata|oclc=949350586}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
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* [[Videokymography]] |
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* [[Depth kymography]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{sci-stub}} |
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{{medical-equipment-stub}} |
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[[de:Kymograph]] |
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[[nl:Kymograaf]] |
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[[pl:Kimograf]] |
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[[te:కైమోగ్రాఫ్]] |
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kymograph have following parts |
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1.revolving drum |
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2.kymograph base |
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3.adjstablestand |
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4.myograph tray |
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5.muscle lever |
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Latest revision as of 06:53, 6 October 2023
| Kymograph | |
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_(14779699911).jpg) Ludwigs kymograph. One limb of the manometer is connected to a stylus which writes on the kymograph. Below: kymograph recording | |
| MeSH | D007734 |
A kymograph (from Greek
The kymograph was initially a mechanical and hydraulic device, invented by German physiologist Carl Ludwig in the 1840s, and found its first use as a means to monitor blood pressure. The blood pressure was conveyed by hydraulics and levers to move a stylus that scratched a white trace into soot-covered paper on the revolving drum. Time is represented by the drum's rotation rate, and was recorded by a second stylus driven by a clock or tuning fork. The kymograph almost immediately became the central instrument in physiology and physiology education. Throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, researchers and technicians devised many improvements to the device, plus numerous new sensory components to measure a wide range of physiological phenomena such as breathing, muscle movement, and speech. New detection and registration systems included electrical and electronic methods, and plotted in ink.[3]
Kymographs were also used outside medical science to measure atmospheric pressure, tuning fork vibrations, the functioning of steam engines, animal habits, and the movement of molecules in cells.
Kymography in experimental physiology[edit]
The kymograph is generally used to study the effects of xenobiotics on tissue preparations. It is a standalone recording apparatus used alongside other apparatuses such as organ baths. Writing levers are used to trace the recording from muscle contractions. Some of the commonly used writing levers are the simple lever, the frontal writing lever and the starling heart lever. These writing levers are connected to a fulcrum which is found on a secondary apparatus.[4]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ University of Toronto Scientific Instruments Collection. "Vertical Kymograph". www.psych.utoronto.ca. Archived from the original on 2008-12-11. Retrieved 2017-04-29.
- ^ Science Museum. "Kymograph, London, England, 1925-1935". Archived from the original on 2017-04-05. Retrieved 2017-04-29.
- ^ Kwan, Alistair (2016). ""Do not kill guinea pig before setting up apparatus": the kymograph's lost educational context". Teorie Vědy. 38: 301–335.
- ^ M.N. Ghosh; J.R. Vedasiromoni (2015). Fundamentals of experimental pharmacology (Sixth ed.). Kolkata. ISBN 978-8190296502. OCLC 949350586.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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