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{{Short description|German composer}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name = Dieter Schnebel
| name = Dieter Schnebel
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| caption =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1930|03|14|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1930|03|14|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Lahr]], [[Baden]], [[Germany]]
| birth_place = [[Lahr]], [[Baden]], Germany
| death_date = {{death date and age|2018|05|20|1930|03|14|df=y}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|2018|05|20|1930|03|14|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Berlin]], [[Germany]]
| death_place = Berlin, Germany
| resting_place = [[Dahlem Cemetery]]
| education = [[University of Tübingen]]
| education = [[University of Tübingen]]
| occupation = {{plainlist|
| occupation = {{plainlist|
* Composer
* Theologian
* Theologian
* Musicologist
* Academic
}}
}}
| works =
| works =
| organization = [[Hochschule der Künste]]
| organization = [[Hochschule der Künste, Berlin]]
| awards = {{plainlist|
| awards = {{plainlist|
⚫
* [[Preis der Europäischen Kirchenmusik|European Church Music Prize]]
* [[Akademie der Künste]]
* [[Akademie der Künste]]
* [[Bavarian Academy of Fine Arts|Bayerische Akademie der Künste]]
* [[Bayerische Akademie der Schönen Künste]]
⚫
* [[Preis der Europäischen Kirchenmusik|European Church Music Prize]]
* [[Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany|Bundesverdienstkreuz am Bande]]
}}
}}
}}
}}
'''Dieter Schnebel''' (14 March 1930 – 20 May 2018) was a German composer, theologian and [[musicology|musicologist]]. He composed orchestral music, chamber music, vocal music and stage works. From 1976 until his retirement in 1995, Schnebel served as [[professor]] of [[experimental music]] at the Berlin [[Hochschule der Künste]].
'''Dieter Schnebel''' (14 March 1930 – 20 May 2018) was a German composer, theologian and [[musicology|musicologist]]. He composed orchestral music, chamber music, vocal music and stage works. From 1976 until his retirement in 1995, Schnebel served as [[professor]] of [[experimental music]] at the [[Hochschule der Künste, Berlin]].


==Career==
==Career==
⚫
Schnebel was born in [[Lahr]]/[[Baden]]. He began general private music studies with Wilhelm Siebler from 1942 until 1945, when he started piano lessons with Wilhelm Resch, and continued study with him until 1949 at the age of 19.{{sfn|Herman|2017}} He continued with music history through 1952, under Eric Doflein.{{sfn|Attinello|2001}} Simultaneously he began to study composition, from 1950, with [[Ernst Krenek]], [[Theodor W. Adorno]] and [[Pierre Boulez]], among others. He entered formal studies at the [[University of Tübingen]] where he took [[musicology]] with [[Walter Gerstenberg]], as well as [[theology]], [[philosophy]] and further piano studies.{{sfn|Zimmerlin|2018}} In 1955, he left with a degree in theology,{{sfn|Herman|2017}} but with a dissertation about [[Arnold Schoenberg]].{{sfn|Anon.|2018b}} Soon after, he married Camilla Riegger in 1956, and the couple had a son and daughter. Schnebel became a minister, and taught theology and [[Religious studies|religion]] until 1963 when he began teaching [[philosophy]] and [[psychology]].{{sfn|Anon.|2018b}} After his first wife died, he underwent a period of psychoanalysis. In 1970 he married translator Iris von Kaschnitz{{sfn|Anon.|2018b}} (1928–2014), daughter of [[Marie Luise Kaschnitz]], and began teaching religious studies and music in Munich, which he continued until 1976.{{sfn|Attinello|2001}} His students included Australian composer [[Norma Tyer]]. In 1976, he began teaching in Berlin as a professor of experimental music and music research, a chair created for him. He held it until his retirement in 1995.{{sfn|Anon.|2018b}}{{sfn|Anon.|n.d.b}}
Schnebel was born in in [[Lahr]]/[[Baden]]. He began general private music studies with Wilhelm Siebler from 1942 until 1945, when he started piano lessons with Wilhelm Resch, and continued study with him until 1949 at the age of 19 {{harv|Herman|2017}}.
[[File:Grab-Dieter-Schnebel-Friedhof-Dahlem.jpg|thumb|Tombstone, [[Dahlem Cemetery]]]]
⚫
He continued with music history through 1952, under Eric Doflein {{harv|Attinello|2001}}. Simultaneously he began to study composition, from 1950, with [[Ernst Krenek]], [[Theodor W. Adorno]] and [[Pierre Boulez]], among others. He entered formal studies at the [[University of Tübingen]], where he took [[musicology]] with Walter Gerstenberg, as well as [[theology]], [[philosophy]] and further piano studies {{harv|Zimmerlin|2018}}. In 1955, he left with a degree in theology {{harv|Herman|2017}}, but with a dissertation about [[Arnold Schoenberg]] {{harv|Anon.|2018b}}. Soon after, he married Camilla Riegger in 1956, and the couple had a son and daughter. Schnebel became a minister, and taught theology and [[religion]] until 1963, when he began teaching [[philosophy]] and [[psychology]] {{harv|Anon.|2018b}} After his first wife died he underwent a period of psychoanalysis. In 1970 he married Iris von Kaschnitz {{harv|Anon.|2018b}}, and began teaching religious studies and music in Munich, which he continued until 1976 {{harv|Attinello|2001}}. In 1976, he began teaching in Berlin as a professor of experimental music and music research, a chair created for him. He held it until his retirement in 1995 ({{harvnb|Anon.|2018b}}; {{harvnb|Anon.|n.d.(b)}}).
⚫
Invited by [[Walter Fink]], he was the sixth composer featured in the annual [[Rheingau Musik Festival#Portraits of living composers|Komponistenporträt]] of the [[Rheingau Musik Festival]] in 1996, where his ''Schau-Stücke'' for voices and gestures premiered.{{sfn|Schnebel|1997}}


⚫
Schnebel died of a heart ailment in Berlin on 20 May 2018 at the age of 88.{{sfn|Deutsche Presse-Agentur|2018}} His and his wife's grave is in [[Dahlem Cemetery]].
⚫
Invited by [[Walter Fink]], he was the sixth composer featured in the annual [[Rheingau Musik Festival#Portraits of living composers|Komponistenporträt]] of the [[Rheingau Musik Festival]] in 1996, where his ''Schau-Stücke'' for voices and gestures premiered {{harv|Schnebel|1997}}.

⚫
Schnebel died of a heart ailment in Berlin on 20 May 2018 at the age of 88 {{harv|Deutsche Presse-Agentur|2018}}.


== Cycles and style ==
== Cycles and style ==
Schnebel composed several cycles of works, sometimes over a long time {{harv|Anon.|2018b}}. One of them was called ''Versuche'' (Essays), consisting of four works written 1953 to 1956. They concern [[Serialism|serial]] techniques, exploring space by placing performers at separate positions. His religious music includes a cycle ''Für Stimmen (...missa est)'' (For voices ...), consisting of four works written 1956 to 1969). They use the human voice and [[Pipe organ|organ]] in experimental settings of [[prayer]]s and biblical texts. A cycle ''Produktionsprozesse'' is a group of compositions related to "language and body" which concerns the physical sound production, with the performers utilizing speech and breathing organs in unusual ways ({{harvnb|Göbel|2018}}; {{harvnb|Zimmerlin|2018}}).
Schnebel composed several cycles of works, sometimes over a long time.{{sfn|Anon.|2018b}} One of them was called ''Versuche'' (Essays), consisting of four works written 1953 to 1956. They concern [[Serialism|serial]] techniques, exploring space by placing performers at separate positions. His religious music includes a cycle ''Für Stimmen (...missa est)'' (For voices ...), consisting of four works written 1956 to 1969). They use the human voice and [[Pipe organ|organ]] in experimental settings of [[prayer]]s and biblical texts. A cycle ''Produktionsprozesse'' is a group of compositions related to "language and body" which concerns the physical sound production, with the performers utilizing speech and breathing organs in unusual ways.{{sfn|Göbel|2018}}{{sfn|Zimmerlin|2018}}

His earliest works were strongly influenced by his fellow [[Darmstadt School|Darmstadt]] students [[Karlheinz Stockhausen]], about whose early works he wrote an extended essay, and [[Mauricio Kagel]], about whom he edited a book. Starting in 1959, he also came under the influence of [[John Cage]].{{sfn|Clements|1992}}{{sfn|Schell|2018}}{{sfn|Zimmerlin|2018}})


His earliest works were strongly influenced by [[Karlheinz Stockhausen]], about whose early works he wrote an extended essay; starting in 1959, he came under the influence of [[John Cage]] ({{harvnb|Clements|1992}}; {{harvnb|Zimmerlin|2018}}). He made arrangements of works by [[Bach]], [[Beethoven]], [[Webern]] and [[Wagner]], called ''Re-Visions'', sometimes using their traditional concepts to reflect new techniques and different ways of looking at them {{harv|Zimmerlin|2018}}.
Schnebel made arrangements of works by [[Johann Sebastian Bach|Bach]], [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]], [[Anton Webern|Webern]] and [[Richard Wagner|Wagner]], called ''Re-Visions'', sometimes using their traditional concepts to reflect new techniques and different ways of looking at them.{{sfn|Zimmerlin|2018}}
<!--
<!--
Schnebel believed that a student's vocal range could be increased through the use of specific psychological methods, or physical placement. For example, placing singers apart in a triangular shape causes a musically spatial feeling, and therefore sounds different from singers working close together. He was able to take a traditional piece and turn it into an improvised 13-voice [[Canon (music)|canon]]. The unpronounceable title of his choral piece '':! (madrasha 2)'' means "a non-verbal outburst or exclamation", and is used to explore the options in [[Phonetics|human phonetic sounds]], such as vocal and musical versions in lips, tongue, glottus, nasal and other pressures through pitches. ''AMN'', an unvocalized [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] title, emphasizes the idea of a musical space, with several long rests in the piece, as well as bizarre vocal experiments.
Schnebel believed that a student's vocal range could be increased through the use of specific psychological methods, or physical placement. For example, placing singers apart in a triangular shape causes a musically spatial feeling, and therefore sounds different from singers working close together. He was able to take a traditional piece and turn it into an improvised 13-voice [[Canon (music)|canon]]. The unpronounceable title of his choral piece '':! (madrasha 2)'' means "a non-verbal outburst or exclamation", and is used to explore the options in [[Phonetics|human phonetic sounds]], such as vocal and musical versions in lips, tongue, glottus, nasal and other pressures through pitches. ''AMN'', an unvocalized [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] title, emphasizes the idea of a musical space, with several long rests in the piece, as well as bizarre vocal experiments.
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== Awards ==
== Awards ==
Schnebel's awards include the Arts Prize of Lahr in 1991. He received the first [[Preis der Europäischen Kirchenmusik|European Church Music Prize]] in [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]] the same year. He was a member of the Berlin [[Akademie der Künste]] from 1991, and of the [[Bayerische Akademie der Schönen Künste]] since 1996 {{harv|Anon.|2018b}}.
Schnebel's awards include the Arts Prize of Lahr in 1991. He received the first [[Preis der Europäischen Kirchenmusik|European Church Music Prize]] in [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]] the same year. He was a member of the Berlin [[Akademie der Künste]] from 1991, and of the [[Bayerische Akademie der Schönen Künste]] since 1996.{{sfn|Anon.|2018b}} In 2015, he was awarded the [[Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany|Bundesverdienstkreuz am Bande]].


== Works ==
== Works ==
Schnebel's works are held by the [[German National Library]] {{harv|Anon.|n.d.(a)}}. Many of them are published by [[Schott Music]] {{harv|Schott|2018}}.
Schnebel's works are held by the [[German National Library]].{{sfn|Anon.|n.d.a}} Many of them are published by [[Schott Music]].{{sfn|Schott|2018}}


=== Music with orchestra ===
=== Music with orchestra ===
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* ''Orchestra / Symphonische Musik für mobile Musiker'' (1974–1977)
* ''Orchestra / Symphonische Musik für mobile Musiker'' (1974–1977)
* ''Canones'' (1975–1977; 1993/1994)
* ''Canones'' (1975–1977; 1993/1994)
* ''Schubert-Phantasie (Re-Visionen I<sub>5</sub>'', for divided orchestra and voices (1978, rev. 1989 as ''Blendwerk'', for string orchestra)
* ''Schubert-Phantasie (Re-Visionen I<sub>5</sub>'', for divided orchestra and voices) (1978, rev. 1989 as ''Blendwerk'', for string orchestra)
* ''Thanatos-Eros (Traditione III<sub>1</sub>)'', symphonic variations for large orchestra (1979–82, rev.1984–85)
* ''Thanatos-Eros (Traditione III<sub>1</sub>)'', symphonic variations for large orchestra (1979–82, rev.1984–85)
* ''Sinfonie-Stücke (Traditione III<sub>2</sub>)'' (1984–85)
* ''Sinfonie-Stücke (Traditione III<sub>2</sub>)'' (1984–85)
* ''Missa'', Dahlem Mass for four solo voices, two mixed choirs, orchestra and organ (1984–1987)
* ''Missa'', Dahlem Mass for four solo voices, two mixed choirs, orchestra and organ (1984–1987){{sfn|Anon.|n.d.a}}
* ''Mahler-Moment'', for strings (1985)
* ''Mahler-Moment'', for strings (1985)
* ''Sinfonie X (Tradition VI)'' (1987–1992; 2004/2005)
* ''Sinfonie X (Tradition VI)'' (1987–1992; 2004/2005)
* ''Mozart-Moment'' (1988/1989)
* ''Mozart-Moment'' (1988/1989)
* ''Schumann-Moment (Re-Visionen II<sub>2</sub>'', for voices, winds, harp, and percussion (1989) {{harv|Attinello|2001}}
* ''Schumann-Moment (Re-Visionen II<sub>2</sub>'', for voices, winds, harp, and percussion (1989){{sfn|Attinello|2001}}
* ''Verdi-Moment (Re-Visionen II<sub>5</sub>'', for orchestra (1989) {{harv|Attinello|2001}}
* ''Verdi-Moment (Re-Visionen II<sub>5</sub>'', for orchestra (1989){{sfn|Attinello|2001}}
* ''St. Jago (Tradition IV<sub>2</sub>'', 3 speakers, 4 singers, and ensemble: music and images to [[Heinrich von Kleist]] (1989–1991) {{harv|Attinello|2001}} (rev. 1995){{Citation needed|date=May 2018}}
* ''St. Jago (Tradition IV<sub>2</sub>'', 3 speakers, 4 singers, and ensemble: music and images to [[Heinrich von Kleist]] (1989–1991){{sfn|Attinello|2001}} (rev. 1995){{Citation needed|date=May 2018}}
* ''Janáček-Moment (Re-Visionen II<sub>1</sub>)'', for orchestra (1991) {{harv|Attinello|2001}}
* ''Janáček-Moment (Re-Visionen II<sub>1</sub>)'', for orchestra (1991){{sfn|Attinello|2001}}
* ''Totentanz'', ballet-oratorio for two speakers, soprano, bass, choir, orchestra and live electronic (1992–1994)
* ''Totentanz'', ballet-oratorio for two speakers, soprano, bass, choir, orchestra and live electronic (1992–1994)
* ''inter'', for chamber orchestra (1994)
* ''inter'', for chamber orchestra (1994)
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=== Chamber music ===
=== Chamber music ===
* ''Analysis'', for strings and percussion (1953) {{harv|Attinello|2001}}
* ''Analysis'', for strings and percussion (1953){{sfn|Attinello|2001}}
* ''Stücke'', for string quartet or string octet (1954–55) {{harv|Attinello|2001}}
* ''Stücke'', for string quartet or string octet (1954–55){{sfn|Attinello|2001}}
* ''Fragment'', for chamber ensemble and voice obligato (1955) {{harv|Attinello|2001}}
* ''Fragment'', for chamber ensemble and voice obligato (1955){{sfn|Attinello|2001}}
* ''Das Urteil'' after [[Franz Kafka]], ''Raummusik für Instrumente, Stimmen und sonstige Schallquellen'' (Space music for instruments, voices and other sound sources) (1959, rev. 1990)
* ''Das Urteil'' after [[Franz Kafka]], ''Raummusik für Instrumente, Stimmen und sonstige Schallquellen'' (Space music for instruments, voices and other sound sources) (1959, rev. 1990)
* ''Glossolalie'' (1959–61), instructions for composition {{harv|Attinello|2001}}
* ''Glossolalie'' (1959–61), instructions for composition{{sfn|Attinello|2001}}
** ''Glossolalie 61'' (1959–1961) ({{harvnb|Anon.|2018a}}; {{harvnb|Attinello|2001}})
** ''Glossolalie 61'' (1959–1961){{sfn|Anon.|2018a}}{{sfn|Attinello|2001}}
** ''Glossolalie 94'' (1994) {{harv|Attinello|2001}}
** ''Glossolalie 94'' (1994){{sfn|Attinello|2001}}
* ''Maulwerke'' (1968–74) {{harv|Attinello|2001}}; staged in 1977 by [[Achim Freyer]] at the [[Hessisches Staatstheater Wiesbaden|Musiktheaterwerkstatt Wiesbaden]] ''Version 2010''{{Citation needed|date=May 2018}}
* ''Maulwerke'' (1968–74);{{sfn|Attinello|2001}} staged in 1977 by [[Achim Freyer]] at the [[Hessisches Staatstheater Wiesbaden|Musiktheaterwerkstatt Wiesbaden]] ''Version 2010''{{Citation needed|date=May 2018}}
* ''Körpersprache / Organkomposition'' (Body Language / Organ Composition), for 3–9 players (1979/1980)
* ''Körpersprache / Organkomposition'' (Body Language / Organ Composition), for 3–9 players (1979/1980)
* ''Memento'', for voice and accordion (1981)
* ''Memento'', for voice and accordion (1981)
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* ''Beethoven-Symphonie (Re-Visionen I<sub>2</sub>)'', for chamber ensemble (1985)
* ''Beethoven-Symphonie (Re-Visionen I<sub>2</sub>)'', for chamber ensemble (1985)
* ''Metamorphosenmusik'', for voice and chamber ensemble (1986/1987){{Citation needed|date=May 2018}}<!--This looks like the same thing as Metamorphosen des Ovid, and there is no separate listing for such a title in Paul Attinello's New Grove worklist.-->
* ''Metamorphosenmusik'', for voice and chamber ensemble (1986/1987){{Citation needed|date=May 2018}}<!--This looks like the same thing as Metamorphosen des Ovid, and there is no separate listing for such a title in Paul Attinello's New Grove worklist.-->
* ''Metamorphosen des Ovid'' or ''Die Bewegung von den Rändern zur Mitte hin und umgekehrt'', incidental music for 11 voices and 11 strings (1986–87) {{harv|Attinello|2001}}
* ''Metamorphosen des Ovid'' or ''Die Bewegung von den Rändern zur Mitte hin und umgekehrt'', incidental music for 11 voices and 11 strings (1986–87){{sfn|Attinello|2001}}
* ''Mit diesen Händen'', for voice and cello with [[curved bow]] (1992) {{harv|Schnebel|n.d.}}
* ''Mit diesen Händen'', for voice and cello with [[curved bow]] (1992){{sfn|Schnebel|n.d.}}
* ''Baumzucht (J. P. Hebel)'', musical reading after [[Johann Peter Hebel]] for speaker and chamber ensemble (1992/1995)
* ''Baumzucht (J. P. Hebel)'', musical reading after [[Johann Peter Hebel]] for speaker and chamber ensemble (1992/1995)
* ''Schau-Stücke'' (Body Études) (1995) {{harv|Schnebel|1997}}
* ''Schau-Stücke'' (Body Études) (1995){{sfn|Schnebel|1997}}
**''Keine grossen Sprünge'', for two performers {{harv|Attinello|2001}}
**''Keine grossen Sprünge'', for two performers{{sfn|Attinello|2001}}
**''Kopfschütteln'', for five performers {{harv|Attinello|2001}}
**''Kopfschütteln'', for five performers{{sfn|Attinello|2001}}
**''Schlängeln'', for two performers {{harv|Attinello|2001}}
**''Schlängeln'', for two performers{{sfn|Attinello|2001}}
* ''Magnificat'' (1996/97) {{harv|Akademie|2015}}
* ''Magnificat'' (1996/97){{sfn|Anon.|2015}}
* String Quartet No. 2 (2000–2007)
* ''Flipper'', chamber music for ''Spielautomaten'', actors, instruments and tape (2002/2003)
* ''Flipper'', chamber music for ''Spielautomaten'', actors, instruments and tape (2002/2003)
* String Quartet No. 3 "Im Raum" (2005–2006)
* ''Drei Kafka-Dramolette'', ''Der plötzliche Spaziergang'', ''Entschlüsse'' and ''Gib's auf!'' (2009) {{harv|Anon.|2010}}
* ''Drei Kafka-Dramolette'', ''Der plötzliche Spaziergang'', ''Entschlüsse'' and ''Gib's auf!'' (2009){{sfn|Anon.|2010}}


=== Vocal ===
=== Vocal ===
*''für stimmen (... missa est): dt 31,6'', for 12 vocal ensembles (1956–58; arranged for large chorus, 1965) {{harv|Attinello|2001}}
*''Für Stimmen (… missa est)'': I. ''dt 31,6'' for 12 vocal groups (1956–58), II. ''AMN'' for 7 vocal groups (1958–67), III. '':! (madrasha II)'' for 3 choir groups and magnetic tape ad lib. (1958–68), IV. ''Choralvorspiele I/II'' for organ, side instruments, magnetic tape and amplifier (1966–69)
*''AMN'', for seven vocal ensembles (1958–67) {{harv|Attinello|2001}}
*''Maulwerke'', for amplified voices and electronics (1968–74){{sfn|Attinello|2001}}
*'':! (madrasha 2)'', for three choruses, with tape ''ad lib.'' (1958–68) {{harv|Attinello|2001}}
*''Körper-Sprache'', for 3–9 performers (1979–80){{sfn|Attinello|2001}}
*''Maulwerke'', for amplified voices and electronics (1968–74) {{harv|Attinello|2001}}
*''Bach-Contrapuncti (I, VI, XI) (Re-Visionen I<sub>1</sub>'', for voices (1972–76); revised as ''O Liebe! – süsser Tod'' (1984–95){{sfn|Attinello|2001}}
*''Körper-Sprache'', for 3–9 performers (1979–80) {{harv|Attinello|2001}}
*''Motetus I'', for two choruses (1989–93){{sfn|Attinello|2001}}
*''Bach-Contrapuncti (I, VI, XI) (Re-Visionen I<sub>1</sub>'', for voices (1972–76); revised as ''O Liebe! – süsser Tod'' (1984–95) {{harv|Attinello|2001}}
*"Mein Herz ruht müde", for alto voice and piano (1994){{sfn|Attinello|2001}}
*''Motetus I'', for two choruses (1989–93) {{harv|Attinello|2001}}
*''Motetus II'', for two choruses (1997–98){{sfn|Attinello|2001}}
*''Behütet ... : Psalm 121'', for chorus (SSMezAATTBarBB), with organ or synthesizer ''ad lib.'' (2012){{sfn|Anon.|n.d.a}}
*"Mein Herz ruht müde", for alto voice and piano (1994) {{harv|Attinello|2001}}
*''Motetus II'', for two choruses (1997–98) {{harv|Attinello|2001}}


== Bibliography ==
== Bibliography ==
{{reflist}}
⚫
* {{cite web|url=https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=simpleSearch&reset=true&cqlMode=true&query=komRef%3D118609505&selectedCategory=any |author=Anon.|title=Compositions by Dieter Schnebel| publisher=[[German National Library]] |accessdate=22 May 2018 |ref={{sfnref|Anon.|n.d.(a)}}}}
'''Sources'''
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* {{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Akademie|2015}}|reference=Anon. "[https://www.adk.de/de/projekte/2015/Kontakte/Bio_Schnebel.htm Dieter Schnebel]". Akademie der Künste (2015; accessed 21 May 2018).}}
{{div col|colwidth=45em}}
* {{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Anon.|n.d.(b)}}|reference=Anon. "[http://bmlo.de/s0717 Dieter Schnebel]", ''Bayerisches Musiker-Lexikon Online''. Munich: Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, n.d. (accessed 22 May 2018).}} {{de icon}}
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* {{cite web|author=Anon.|year=n.d.a|url=https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=simpleSearch&reset=true&cqlMode=true&query=komRef%3D118609505&selectedCategory=any|title=Compositions by Dieter Schnebel| publisher=[[German National Library]] |access-date=22 May 2018}}
⚫
* {{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Anon.|2018a}}|reference=Anon. "[http://www.deutschlandfunk.de/musik-komponist-dieter-schnebel-gestorben.2849.de.html?drn:news_id=884617 Komponist Dieter Schnebel gestorben]". Deutschlandfunk.de (20 May 2018; accessed 21 May 2018).}}
* {{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Anon.|2010}}|reference=Anon. "Melancholie der Pneumatik, auf minimalistische Schrittfolgen reduziert". ''Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung'' (24 January 2010).}}
* {{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Anon.|n.d.b}}|reference=Anon. (n.d.b) "[http://bmlo.de/s0717 Dieter Schnebel]", ''{{ill|Bayerisches Musiker-Lexikon Online|de}}''. Munich: Ludwig-Maximilians Universität (accessed 22 May 2018).}} {{in lang|de}}
* {{cite news|author=Anon.|date=24 January 2010|title=Melancholie der Pneumatik, auf minimalistische Schrittfolgen reduziert|work=[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung]]}}
* {{cite news|url=https://www.kleinezeitung.at/kultur/klassik/5433003/Nachruf_Deutscher-Komponist-Dieter-Schnebel-gestorben |title=Nachruf: Deutscher Komponist Dieter Schnebel gestorben |author=Anon.| publisher=[[Kleine Zeitung]] (21 May 2018) |language=German|accessdate=22 May 2018 |ref={{harvid|Anon.|2018b}}}}
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* {{cite web|author=Anon.|date=2015|url=https://www.adk.de/de/projekte/2015/Kontakte/Bio_Schnebel.htm|title=Dieter Schnebel|website=[[Akademie der Künste]]|access-date=21 May 2018}}
⚫
* {{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Attinello|2001}}|reference=Attinello, Paul. "Schnebel, Dieter (Wolfgang)". ''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'', second edition, 29 vols., edited by [[Stanley Sadie]] and [[John Tyrrell (musicologist)|John Tyrrell]]. London: Macmillan Publishers, 2001.}}
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* {{cite web|author=Anon.|date=20 May 2018a|url=http://www.deutschlandfunk.de/musik-komponist-dieter-schnebel-gestorben.2849.de.html?drn:news_id=884617|title=Komponist Dieter Schnebel gestorben|website=[[Deutschlandfunk]]|access-date=21 May 2018}}
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* {{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Clements|1992}}|reference=Clements, Andrew. "Schnebel, Dieter". ''The New Grove Dictionary of Opera'', 4 vols., edited by Stanley Sadie. London: Macmillan Publishers, 1992.}}
* {{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Deutsche Presse-Agentur|2018}}|reference=Deutsche Presse-Agentur. ''[https://www.svz.de/deutschland-welt/kultur/komponist-dieter-schnebel-gestorben-id19897376.html Mit 88 Jahren: Komponist Dieter Schnebel gestorben]''. svz.de (2018; accessed 21 May 2018).}}
* {{cite news|author=Anon.|date=21 May 2018b|url=https://www.kleinezeitung.at/kultur/klassik/5433003/Nachruf_Deutscher-Komponist-Dieter-Schnebel-gestorben|title=Nachruf: Deutscher Komponist Dieter Schnebel gestorben|work=[[Kleine Zeitung]]|language=de|access-date=22 May 2018}}
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* {{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Attinello|2001}}|reference=Attinello, Paul. "Schnebel, Dieter (Wolfgang)". ''[[The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians]]'', second edition, 29 vols., edited by [[Stanley Sadie]] and [[John Tyrrell (musicologist)|John Tyrrell]]. London: Macmillan Publishers, 2001.}}
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* {{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Göbel|2018}}|reference=Göbel, Andreas. "[http://www.deutschlandfunk.de/zum-tod-des-komponisten-dieter-schnebel-neugierig-auf.691.de.html?dram:article_id=418395 Zum Tod des Komponisten Dieter Schnebel: Neugierig auf ungehörte Töne]".[[Deutschlandfunk]] (2018; accessed 22 May 2018).}}
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* {{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Clements|1992}}|reference=Clements, Andrew. "Schnebel, Dieter". ''[[The New Grove Dictionary of Opera]]'', 4 vols., edited by Stanley Sadie. London: Macmillan Publishers, 1992.}}
⚫
* {{cite web |last=Herman |first=Michael |url=http://www.musicweb-international.com/Ntl_discogs/German_Austrian_symphonies/German_symphonies_MZ.pdf |title=German and Austrian Symphonies / From The 19th Century To The Present |website=musicweb-international.com, 2017 |accessdate=22 May 2018 |ref={{harvid|Herman|2017}}}}
* {{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Pöllmann and Freyer|2018}}|reference=Pöllmann, Rainer, and Achim Freyer. "[http://www.deutschlandfunkkultur.de/zum-tod-von-dieter-schnebel-ein-radikaler-avantgardist.1013.de.html?dram:article_id=418369 Zum Tod von Dieter Schnebel Ein radikaler Avantgardist]". Deutschlandfunk Kultur (20 May 2018; accessed 25 May 2018).}} {{de icon}}
* {{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Deutsche Presse-Agentur|2018}}|reference=[[Deutsche Presse-Agentur]]. ''[https://www.svz.de/deutschland-welt/kultur/komponist-dieter-schnebel-gestorben-id19897376.html Mit 88 Jahren: Komponist Dieter Schnebel gestorben]''. ''[[Schweriner Volkszeitung]]'' (2018; accessed 21 May 2018).}}
⚫
* {{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Göbel|2018}}|reference=Göbel, Andreas. "[http://www.deutschlandfunk.de/zum-tod-des-komponisten-dieter-schnebel-neugierig-auf.691.de.html?dram:article_id=418395 Zum Tod des Komponisten Dieter Schnebel: Neugierig auf ungehörte Töne]". [[Deutschlandfunk]] (2018; accessed 22 May 2018).}}
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* {{cite web|url=https://en.schott-music.com/shop/schau-stuecke-no93754.html?SID=eu3fj00b1fps7so18ac7669cf0 |first=Dieter|last=Schnebel |title=Schau-Stücke | publisher=[[Schott Music]], 1997| accessdate=22 May 2018 |ref={{sfnref|Schnebel|1997}}}}
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* {{cite web |last=Herman |first=Michael |url=http://www.musicweb-international.com/Ntl_discogs/German_Austrian_symphonies/German_symphonies_MZ.pdf |title=German and Austrian Symphonies / From The 19th Century To The Present |website=musicweb-international.com, 2017 |access-date=22 May 2018 |ref={{harvid|Herman|2017}}}}
* {{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Schell|2018}}|reference=Schell, Michael. "[https://www.secondinversion.org/2018/07/11/dieter-schnebel-1930-2018-radical-reverential-music/ Dieter Schnebel (1930–2018): Radical Reverential Music]". Second Inversion (July 11, 2018).}}
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* {{cite web|url=https://en.schott-music.com/shop/schau-stuecke-no93754.html?SID=eu3fj00b1fps7so18ac7669cf0 |first=Dieter|last=Schnebel |title=Schau-Stücke | publisher=[[Schott Music]], 1997| access-date=22 May 2018 |ref={{sfnref|Schnebel|1997}}}}
*{{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Schnebel|n.d.}}|reference=Schnebel, Dieter. "[http://www.bach-bogen.de/dieter-schnebel.html Mit diesen Händen / With These Hands]". Stuttgart and Wissembourg: Bach-Bogen.de (n.d.; accessed 21 May 2018).}}
*{{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Schnebel|n.d.}}|reference=Schnebel, Dieter. "[http://www.bach-bogen.de/dieter-schnebel.html Mit diesen Händen / With These Hands]". Stuttgart and Wissembourg: Bach-Bogen.de (n.d.; accessed 21 May 2018).}}
* {{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Schott|2018}}|reference=[[Schott Music]]. "[http://www.schott-international.com/shop/php/Proxy.php?purl=/essh/persons/featured/dieter-schnebel/works/ Dieter Schnebel: Works]". Schott Music website (accessed 22 May 2018).}}
* {{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Schott|2018}}|reference=[[Schott Music]]. "[http://www.schott-international.com/shop/php/Proxy.php?purl=/essh/persons/featured/dieter-schnebel/works/ Dieter Schnebel: Works]". Schott Music website (accessed 22 May 2018).}}
* {{cite news |last=Zimmerlin |first=Michael |url=https://www.nzz.ch/feuilleton/komponisten-dieter-schnebel-ein-radikaler-experimentator-der-keine-grenzen-scheute-ld.1315974 |title=Komponist Dieter Schnebel ist gestorben: Ein Experimentator, der keine Grenzen scheute |newspaper=[[Neue Zürcher Zeitung]] |year=2018 |language=German |accessdate=22 May 2018 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite news |last=Zimmerlin |first=Michael |url=https://www.nzz.ch/feuilleton/komponisten-dieter-schnebel-ein-radikaler-experimentator-der-keine-grenzen-scheute-ld.1315974 |title=Komponist Dieter Schnebel ist gestorben: Ein Experimentator, der keine Grenzen scheute |newspaper=[[Neue Zürcher Zeitung]] |year=2018 |language=de |access-date=22 May 2018 }}
{{div col end}}


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* Gligo, Nikša. "Schrift ist Musik? Ein Beitrag zur Aktualisierung eines nur anscheinend veralteten Widerspruchs". ''International Review of the Aesthetics and Sociology of Music'' 18 (1987), 1, pp.&nbsp;145–162 (part 1); 19 (1988), 1, pp.&nbsp;75–115 (part 2) (includes an analysis of Schnebel's project ''MO-NO: Musik zum Lesen'')
* Gligo, Nikša. "Schrift ist Musik? Ein Beitrag zur Aktualisierung eines nur anscheinend veralteten Widerspruchs". ''International Review of the Aesthetics and Sociology of Music'' 18 (1987), 1, pp.&nbsp;145–162 (part 1); 19 (1988), 1, pp.&nbsp;75–115 (part 2) (includes an analysis of Schnebel's project ''MO-NO: Musik zum Lesen'')
* Pöllmann, Rainer, and [[Achim Freyer]]. "[http://www.deutschlandfunkkultur.de/zum-tod-von-dieter-schnebel-ein-radikaler-avantgardist.1013.de.html?dram:article_id=418369 Zum Tod von Dieter Schnebel Ein radikaler Avantgardist]". [[Deutschlandfunk Kultur]] (20 May 2018; accessed 25 May 2018). {{in lang|de}}
* Stolba, K. Marie. ''The Development of Western Music: A History''. Boston: McGraw Hill, 1998.
* Stolba, K. Marie. ''The Development of Western Music: A History''. Boston: McGraw Hill, 1998.
* Warnaby, John. "Dieter Schnebel and His Sinfonie X". ''Tempo'', New Ser., No. 186 (September 1993), pp.&nbsp;26–31.
* Warnaby, John. "Dieter Schnebel and His Sinfonie X". ''[[Tempo (journal)|Tempo]]'', New Series, no. 186 (September 1993), pp.&nbsp;26–31.
* Weiland, Andreas. "[http://www.art-in-society.de/AS11/DS/schnebel.koe.html KÖRPERSPRACHE. Eine ''Organkomposition'' von Dieter Schnebel, uraufgeführt in der Neuen Galerie in Aachen am 24. März 1986]". ''Art in Society'', No. 11 (Spring/Summer, 2011): {{Page needed|date=July 2019}}.
* Weiland, Andreas. "[http://www.art-in-society.de/AS11/DS/Schnebel.metamorph.html Die Metamorphosen für Mezzosopran und kleines Orchester Dieter Schnebels, uraufgeführt in der Neuen Galerie in Aachen]". ''Art in Society'', No. 11 (Spring/Summer, 2011): {{Page needed|date=July 2019}}.


==External links==
==External links==
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* {{discogs artist}}
* {{discogs artist}}
* [https://hboscaiolo.blogspot.de/2016/11/dieter-schnebel-in-der-hochschule-fur.html Dieter Schnebel in der Hochschule für Musik und Darstellende Kunst (HfMDK) Frankfurt, 23. und 24.11. 2016 / Zwischen Nostalgie und Utopie] hboscaiolo.blogspot.de 2016
* [https://hboscaiolo.blogspot.de/2016/11/dieter-schnebel-in-der-hochschule-fur.html Dieter Schnebel in der Hochschule für Musik und Darstellende Kunst (HfMDK) Frankfurt, 23. und 24.11. 2016 / Zwischen Nostalgie und Utopie] hboscaiolo.blogspot.de 2016
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090220151118/http://avantgardeproject.org/AGP15/index.htm Dieter Schnebel at the Avant Garde Project] (archive from 20 February 2009, from [http://www.avantgardeproject.org/AGP15/index.htm the original]), FLAC files made from high-quality LP transcriptions

===Listening===
⚫
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090220151118/http://avantgardeproject.org/AGP15/index.htm Dieter Schnebel at the Avant Garde Project] (archive from 20 February 2009, from the original at http://www.avantgardeproject.org/AGP15/index.htm) has FLAC files made from high-quality LP transcriptions available for free download.


{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:German classical composers]]
[[Category:German classical composers]]
[[Category:German male classical composers]]
[[Category:German male classical composers]]
[[Category:German musicologists]]
[[Category:Musicologists from Berlin]]
[[Category:20th-century German musicians]]
[[Category:20th-century German composers]]
[[Category:Members of the Academy of the Arts, Berlin]]
[[Category:Members of the Academy of Arts, Berlin]]
[[Category:People from Garmisch-Partenkirchen (district)]]
[[Category:People from Garmisch-Partenkirchen (district)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]]
[[Category:20th-century German male musicians]]

Latest revision as of 00:42, 30 October 2023

Dieter Schnebel
Born(1930-03-14)14 March 1930
Lahr, Baden, Germany
Died20 May 2018(2018-05-20) (aged 88)
Berlin, Germany
Resting placeDahlem Cemetery
EducationUniversity of Tübingen
Occupations
  • Composer
  • Theologian
  • Musicologist
OrganizationHochschule der Künste, Berlin
Awards

Dieter Schnebel (14 March 1930 – 20 May 2018) was a German composer, theologian and musicologist. He composed orchestral music, chamber music, vocal music and stage works. From 1976 until his retirement in 1995, Schnebel served as professor of experimental music at the Hochschule der Künste, Berlin.

Career[edit]

Schnebel was born in Lahr/Baden. He began general private music studies with Wilhelm Siebler from 1942 until 1945, when he started piano lessons with Wilhelm Resch, and continued study with him until 1949 at the age of 19.[1] He continued with music history through 1952, under Eric Doflein.[2] Simultaneously he began to study composition, from 1950, with Ernst Krenek, Theodor W. Adorno and Pierre Boulez, among others. He entered formal studies at the University of Tübingen where he took musicology with Walter Gerstenberg, as well as theology, philosophy and further piano studies.[3] In 1955, he left with a degree in theology,[1] but with a dissertation about Arnold Schoenberg.[4] Soon after, he married Camilla Riegger in 1956, and the couple had a son and daughter. Schnebel became a minister, and taught theology and religion until 1963 when he began teaching philosophy and psychology.[4] After his first wife died, he underwent a period of psychoanalysis. In 1970 he married translator Iris von Kaschnitz[4] (1928–2014), daughter of Marie Luise Kaschnitz, and began teaching religious studies and music in Munich, which he continued until 1976.[2] His students included Australian composer Norma Tyer. In 1976, he began teaching in Berlin as a professor of experimental music and music research, a chair created for him. He held it until his retirement in 1995.[4][5]

Tombstone, Dahlem Cemetery

Invited by Walter Fink, he was the sixth composer featured in the annual Komponistenporträt of the Rheingau Musik Festival in 1996, where his Schau-Stücke for voices and gestures premiered.[6]

Schnebel died of a heart ailment in Berlin on 20 May 2018 at the age of 88.[7] His and his wife's grave is in Dahlem Cemetery.

Cycles and style[edit]

Schnebel composed several cycles of works, sometimes over a long time.[4] One of them was called Versuche (Essays), consisting of four works written 1953 to 1956. They concern serial techniques, exploring space by placing performers at separate positions. His religious music includes a cycle Für Stimmen (...missa est) (For voices ...), consisting of four works written 1956 to 1969). They use the human voice and organ in experimental settings of prayers and biblical texts. A cycle Produktionsprozesse is a group of compositions related to "language and body" which concerns the physical sound production, with the performers utilizing speech and breathing organs in unusual ways.[8][3]

His earliest works were strongly influenced by his fellow Darmstadt students Karlheinz Stockhausen, about whose early works he wrote an extended essay, and Mauricio Kagel, about whom he edited a book. Starting in 1959, he also came under the influence of John Cage.[9][10][3])

Schnebel made arrangements of works by Bach, Beethoven, Webern and Wagner, called Re-Visions, sometimes using their traditional concepts to reflect new techniques and different ways of looking at them.[3]

Awards[edit]

Schnebel's awards include the Arts Prize of Lahr in 1991. He received the first European Church Music Prize in Schwäbisch Gmünd the same year. He was a member of the Berlin Akademie der Künste from 1991, and of the Bayerische Akademie der Schönen Künste since 1996.[4] In 2015, he was awarded the Bundesverdienstkreuz am Bande.

Works[edit]

Schnebel's works are held by the German National Library.[11] Many of them are published by Schott Music.[12]

Music with orchestra[edit]

  • Compositio (1955–56, rev. 1964/1965)
  • Orchestra / Symphonische Musik für mobile Musiker (1974–1977)
  • Canones (1975–1977; 1993/1994)
  • Schubert-Phantasie (Re-Visionen I5, for divided orchestra and voices) (1978, rev. 1989 as Blendwerk, for string orchestra)
  • Thanatos-Eros (Traditione III1), symphonic variations for large orchestra (1979–82, rev.1984–85)
  • Sinfonie-Stücke (Traditione III2) (1984–85)
  • Missa, Dahlem Mass for four solo voices, two mixed choirs, orchestra and organ (1984–1987)[11]
  • Mahler-Moment, for strings (1985)
  • Sinfonie X (Tradition VI) (1987–1992; 2004/2005)
  • Mozart-Moment (1988/1989)
  • Schumann-Moment (Re-Visionen II2, for voices, winds, harp, and percussion (1989)[2]
  • Verdi-Moment (Re-Visionen II5, for orchestra (1989)[2]
  • St. Jago (Tradition IV2, 3 speakers, 4 singers, and ensemble: music and images to Heinrich von Kleist (1989–1991)[2] (rev. 1995)[citation needed]
  • Janáček-Moment (Re-Visionen II1), for orchestra (1991)[2]
  • Totentanz, ballet-oratorio for two speakers, soprano, bass, choir, orchestra and live electronic (1992–1994)
  • inter, for chamber orchestra (1994)
  • O Liebe! – süßer Tod..., five sacred songs after Johann Sebastian Bach for mezzo-soprano, chamber choir, and small orchestra (1995)
  • Ekstasis for soprano, speaker, two children's voices, percussion, choir and large orchestra (1996/1997; 2001/2002)

Chamber music[edit]

  • Analysis, for strings and percussion (1953)[2]
  • Stücke, for string quartet or string octet (1954–55)[2]
  • Fragment, for chamber ensemble and voice obligato (1955)[2]
  • Das Urteil after Franz Kafka, Raummusik für Instrumente, Stimmen und sonstige Schallquellen (Space music for instruments, voices and other sound sources) (1959, rev. 1990)
  • Glossolalie (1959–61), instructions for composition[2]
    • Glossolalie 61 (1959–1961)[13][2]
    • Glossolalie 94 (1994)[2]
  • Maulwerke (1968–74);[2] staged in 1977 by Achim Freyer at the Musiktheaterwerkstatt Wiesbaden Version 2010[citation needed]
  • Körpersprache / Organkomposition (Body Language / Organ Composition), for 3–9 players (1979/1980)
  • Memento, for voice and accordion (1981)
  • Montiano-Song, for one or more voices and instruments (1983)
  • Beethoven-Symphonie (Re-Visionen I2), for chamber ensemble (1985)
  • Metamorphosenmusik, for voice and chamber ensemble (1986/1987)[citation needed]
  • Metamorphosen des Ovid or Die Bewegung von den Rändern zur Mitte hin und umgekehrt, incidental music for 11 voices and 11 strings (1986–87)[2]
  • Mit diesen Händen, for voice and cello with curved bow (1992)[14]
  • Baumzucht (J. P. Hebel), musical reading after Johann Peter Hebel for speaker and chamber ensemble (1992/1995)
  • Schau-Stücke (Body Études) (1995)[6]
    • Keine grossen Sprünge, for two performers[2]
    • Kopfschütteln, for five performers[2]
    • Schlängeln, for two performers[2]
  • Magnificat (1996/97)[15]
  • String Quartet No. 2 (2000–2007)
  • Flipper, chamber music for Spielautomaten, actors, instruments and tape (2002/2003)
  • String Quartet No. 3 "Im Raum" (2005–2006)
  • Drei Kafka-Dramolette, Der plötzliche Spaziergang, Entschlüsse and Gib's auf! (2009)[16]

Vocal[edit]

  • Für Stimmen (… missa est): I. dt 31,6 for 12 vocal groups (1956–58), II. AMN for 7 vocal groups (1958–67), III. :! (madrasha II) for 3 choir groups and magnetic tape ad lib. (1958–68), IV. Choralvorspiele I/II for organ, side instruments, magnetic tape and amplifier (1966–69)
  • Maulwerke, for amplified voices and electronics (1968–74)[2]
  • Körper-Sprache, for 3–9 performers (1979–80)[2]
  • Bach-Contrapuncti (I, VI, XI) (Re-Visionen I1, for voices (1972–76); revised as O Liebe! – süsser Tod (1984–95)[2]
  • Motetus I, for two choruses (1989–93)[2]
  • "Mein Herz ruht müde", for alto voice and piano (1994)[2]
  • Motetus II, for two choruses (1997–98)[2]
  • Behütet ... : Psalm 121, for chorus (SSMezAATTBarBB), with organ or synthesizer ad lib. (2012)[11]

Bibliography[edit]

  1. ^ a b Herman 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Attinello 2001.
  3. ^ a b c d Zimmerlin 2018.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Anon. 2018b.
  5. ^ Anon. n.d.b.
  6. ^ a b Schnebel 1997.
  7. ^ Deutsche Presse-Agentur 2018.
  8. ^ Göbel 2018.
  9. ^ Clements 1992.
  10. ^ Schell 2018.
  11. ^ a b c Anon. n.d.a.
  12. ^ Schott 2018.
  13. ^ Anon. 2018a.
  14. ^ Schnebel n.d.
  15. ^ Anon. 2015.
  16. ^ Anon. 2010.

Sources

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

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