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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox Bilateral relations|Danish-Irish|Denmark|Ireland}}
{{Infobox Bilateral relations|Denmark–Ireland|Denmark|Ireland|map=Denmark Ireland locator.svg}}


The [[bilateralism|relations]] between [[Denmark]] and [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] have been described as "excellent", and the two countries enjoy strong trade and cultural ties.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 18 Sep 2019 Vol. 986 No. 2 |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2019-09-18/17/ |access-date=27 July 2022 |website=[[Oireachtas]]}}</ref> Denmark has an embassy in [[Dublin]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Danmark i Irland |url=https://irland.um.dk |access-date=25 July 2022 |language=da}}</ref> and Ireland has an embassy in [[Copenhagen]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Denmark |url=https://www.dfa.ie/irish-embassy/denmark/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=25 July 2022 |publisher=}}</ref>
'''Denmark–Ireland relations''' refers to the [[bilateralism|current and historical relations]] between [[Denmark]] and [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]. Denmark has an embassy in [[Dublin]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Danish embassy in Dublin, Ireland|url=http://www.ambdublin.um.dk/da|work=Government of Denmark|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark)]]|accessdate=1 June 2011}}</ref> and Ireland has an embassy in [[Copenhagen]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Irish embassy in Copenhagen, Denmark|url=http://www.embassyofireland.dk/home/index.aspx?id=41267|work= Government of the Republic of Ireland|publisher=[[Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Ireland)|Department of Foreign Affairs]]|accessdate=1 June 2011}}</ref> Diplomatic relations were established in January 1962.<ref>{{cite book |title= Ireland today (2)|quote= Diplomatic relations with Denmark were established on a non-residential basis in January 1962 and the first resident Ambassador presented his credentials in May 1970. Although this was the first visit of an Irish Head of State |year= 1983|publisher= Information Section, Dept. of Foreign Affairs|page= 177|url= http://books.google.dk/books?ei=SbqXTdTIHo_sOcLO9cUH&ct=result&id=jRgiAQAAIAAJ&dq=&q=|accessdate=7 April 2011}}</ref> Both countries have since 1973 been members of the [[European Union]].


Diplomatic relations were established in January 1962 and both countries are members of the [[European Union]] since [[1973 enlargement of the European Communities|1973]].<ref name=":0">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jRgiAQAAIAAJ |title=Ireland today (2) |publisher=Information Section, Dept. of Foreign Affairs |year=1983 |page=177 |quote= |access-date=7 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327185020/https://books.google.com/books?id=jRgiAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=27 March 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Cathaoirleach]] [[Mark Daly (politician)|Mark Daly]] moreover described Denmark as a "valued friend of Ireland" during the [[Brexit and the Irish border|Brexit process]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 June 2022 |title=Seanad Éireann debate - Thursday, 2 Jun 2022 Vol. 286 No. 1 |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/seanad/2022-06-02/9/ |access-date=26 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=March 2017 |title=Minister Humphreys trade and culture mission to Denmark |url=http://www.eupresidency.ie/irish-embassy/denmark/news-and-events/2017/minister-humphreys-denmark/}}</ref> Cultural ties date back to the [[Viking Age|Viking era]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 October 2010 |title=McAleese urges Danes and Irish to build on 'cultural compatibility' |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/mcaleese-urges-danes-and-irish-to-build-on-cultural-compatibility-1.662461 |access-date=29 July 2022}}</ref>
==History==
===20th century===
During the 19th century, many historians have commented on the differences between the Danish and Irish economies.<ref name="history"/> Both countries were mostly agricultural and both countries were great import countries of the British market. Especially, bacon, eggs and butter. So there were competition between the two countries. Even [[Horace Plunkett]] said in 1908; "I have always felt that Ireland a second Denmark was no bad
ideal for our reformers to set before them."<ref name="history"/><ref>Ó Gráda (1977), p. 298.</ref>


Both countries claim [[Rockall]].<ref>{{cite web |date=8 March 2012 |title=Foreign & Commonwealth Office Response to Freedom of Information request regarding Rockall |url=https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/97923/response/262438/attach/html/3/0109%2012.pdf.html |access-date=30 July 2022 |website=Whatdotheyknow.com}}</ref>
In 1943, Irish historian [[J.P. Beddy]] wrote: {{quote| Denmark is not only a smaller country than Eire but her climate is less equable, her soils are, in general, lighter and poorer, she has no coal and no water power to compensate for its absence,nor has she any iron ore or other metallic ores to serve as a basis for industrial activities. Yet, in comparison with Eire, she has a bigger population, a greater agricultural output, a more extensive industrial system, a larger foreign trade, a lower national debt, a higher national income and a better standard of living. It is the purpose of this paper to throw some light on this unusual economic paradox. {{sic}}|sign= J.P. Beddy|source=<ref name="history">{{cite journal|last=H. O’Rourke|first=Kevin|title=Department of Economics and IIIS, Trinity College Dublin|date=March 2004|pages=68|publisher= [[Trinity College, Dublin]]|url=http://www.tcd.ie/Economics/staff/orourkek/kordartmouthfinal.pdf}}</ref>}} Many Irish historians and economists have compared the two countries; [[Raymond Crotty]] in 1966, [[Cormac Ó Gráda]] in 1977 and Joseph Lee in 1989.<ref name="history"/>


===Current relations===
== History ==
When both countries joined the European Union, Denmark opened an embassy in Dublin.<ref>{{cite web|title=Denmark and Ireland|url=http://www.ambdublin.um.dk/en/menu/InfoDenmark/Denmark+and+Ireland/|work=Government of Denmark|accessdate=1 June 2011}}</ref> Denmark lend 400 million [[euro]] to Ireland in 2010 as a [[Bailout|rescue deal]].<ref>{{cite news |title= Danmark giver Irland stort nødlån|language= Danish|url= http://ekstrabladet.dk/nyheder/samfund/article1459977.ece|newspaper= [[Ekstra Bladet]]|date= 28 November 2010|accessdate=1 June 2011}}</ref>


==Cooperation and trade==
=== Vikings and Ireland ===
Irish poet [[Jane Wilde|Lady Wilde]] described the ties between the two countries in 1884 as:<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Lady Wilde |title=Driftwood from Scandinavia |year=1884 |pages=1–2}}</ref>
An air transport treaty was signed in 1947, between both countries.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Denmark and Ireland: Exchange of notes constituting an agreement relating to air transport. Dublin, 18 November 1947|date=18 November 1947|issue=561|pages=7|url=http://untreaty.un.org/unts/1_60000/1/38/00001851.pdf|accessdate=2 June 2011|publisher=[[United Nations]]}}</ref> In 1993, both countries signed a double taxation treaty.<ref>{{cite book|title=Convention between Ireland and the Kingdom of Denmark for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income|year=1993|publisher=[[The Stationery Office]]|pages=41|url=http://books.google.dk/books?id=1kciHAAACAAJ&dq=&hl=da&ei=uNXmTdOFFcXqOerDyckJ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwADgK|accessdate=2 June 2011}}</ref> In 2008, Danish export to Ireland amounted 5,8 billion DKK, while Irish exports amounted 5,9 billion DKK.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ambdublin.um.dk/da/menu/Eksportraadgivning/Markedsmuligheder/Landeinformation/Landefakta/|title= Landefakta Irland|language= Danish|accessdate=20 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Trade between Denmark and Ireland|url=http://www.ambdublin.um.dk/NR/rdonlyres/05DE5CE3-D0FF-405E-AC9B-4B5E603D485B/0/Externaltrade2010edition.pdf|work=Statistics Denmark|publisher=Danish embassy in Dublin, Ireland|accessdate=2 June 2011|pages=12}}</ref>
{{Quote|text=Ireland and Denmark were connected together a thousand years ago by many ties, as our legends, history, and antiquities testify. Still, the two races remained entirely distinct, and fought and devastated and retaliated in many a fierce and cruel fashtion with inturing animosity and inextinguishable hatred. After much hard fighting, the Danes at length obtained a firm footing on the east coast, and Dublin… became exclusively a Danish city, where the powerful race of the Northmen ruled and reigned for nearly four hundred years.}}
She moreover stated that:<ref name=":1" />
{{Quote|text=The Danes were the most terrible and ungodly of pagans when they first came to our shores; but through the influence of the Irish saints and holy men of the [[Catholic Church|Church]] they were gradually Christianized, and evinced their zeal by founding new churches… The first cathedral in Dublin, [[Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin|Christchurch]] was built by the Danes, and a Danish bishop first held the see.}}


=== Modern relations ===
==Expatriates==
[[File:Gefion og Gylfe.JPG|thumb|The Gylfe building has been home to the Irish embassy in Copenhagen since the 1980s.]]
About 1000 Danes live in Ireland.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ambdublin.um.dk/da/menu/Borgerservice/FlytteTilIrland/DanskereIDublin/|title= Danskere i Irland|language= Danish|accessdate=1 June 2011}}</ref>
An air transport treaty was signed in 1947, between both countries.<ref>{{cite journal |date=18 November 1947 |title=Denmark and Ireland: Exchange of notes constituting an agreement relating to air transport. Dublin, 18 November 1947 |url=http://untreaty.un.org/unts/1_60000/1/38/00001851.pdf |publisher=[[United Nations]] |issue=561 |pages=7 |access-date=2 June 2011}}</ref> Irish Minister of Agriculture [[Thomas Walsh (Irish politician)|Thomas Walsh]] visited Denmark in 1953.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dáil Éireann debate - Tuesday, 27 Oct 1953 |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1953-10-27/37/ |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=[[Oireachtas]]}}</ref>


Diplomatic relations were only established in 1962 because of budgetary reasons on the side of the Irish and the Irish policy of minimum diplomatic relations, due to indifference to diplomatic relations except with the United Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eliash |first=Shulamit |title=The Harp and the Shield of David: Ireland, Zionism and the State of Israel |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-1134268276 |pages=79 and 197}}</ref> After establishing relations, the Irish ambassador in [[Amsterdam]] was accredited to Denmark until 1972 when an embassy opened in Copenhagen. Ireland had a [[Chargé d'affaires]] in Denmark from 1962 to 1972.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Embassy history |url=https://www.dfa.ie/irish-embassy/denmark/about-us/embassy-history/ |access-date=25 July 2022}}</ref> Conversely, Denmark opened an embassy in Dublin in 1973.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Udenrigsministeriets Tidsskrift |year=1973 |pages=76 |language=da}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Rockall]]


The first Irish president to visit Denmark was [[Patrick Hillery]] in 1983 when he was accompanied by Foreign Minister [[Peter Barry (politician)|Peter Barry]] on a state visit.<ref name=":0" /> In 2010, President [[Mary McAleese]] visited Denmark to explore and promote trade and cultural relations, while Prime Minister [[Leo Varadkar]] visited Copenhagen in 2019 to discuss [[Brexit]] and climate policy.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 October 2010 |title=President McAleese begins Danish visit |work=RTE |url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2010/1011/136619-mcaleesem/ |access-date=29 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2 October 2019 |title=Mette Frederiksen får besøg af Irlands premierminister |url=https://www.altinget.dk/navnenyt/statsministeren-modtager-irlands-premierminister-i-danmark |access-date=29 July 2022}}</ref>

On the Danish side, Prime Minister [[Anders Fogh Rasmussen]] travelled to Dublin in 2002 to discuss the upcoming [[Twenty-sixth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland|referendum on the treaty of Nice]] with Irish authorities, as Denmark had the EU presidency at the time.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2002 |title=Fogh: Der er ingen plan B |language=da |work=[[Berlingske]] |url=https://www.berlingske.dk/internationalt/fogh-der-er-ingen-plan-b}}</ref>
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite web|title=EU Facts: Ireland and Denmark|url=http://www.civitas.org.uk/eufacts/FSMS/MS7.htm|publisher=CIVITAS|accessdate=1 June 2011}}
*{{cite book|title=Denmark and Ireland: some facts for the Irish farmer|year=1925|publisher=[[Irish Independent]]|pages=110|url=http://books.google.dk/books?id=Lu7hHAAACAAJ&dq=&hl=da&ei=MNXmTYufJs_pOcvi2eEJ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA|author=Frank J. Geary|accessdate=2 June 2011}}
*{{cite book|title=Collaboration in Denmark and Ireland: an examination of the co-operative system: are there lessons to be learnt?|year=1997|publisher=[[University College Dublin]]|pages=129|author=Paul Whitaker|url= http://books.google.dk/books?id=PX8FSQAACAAJ&dq=&hl=da&ei=bNbmTYWtNo-gOqzGydoJ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAjgU|accessdate=2 June 2011}}
*{{cite book|title=Intra-industry trade in Denmark and Ireland: a comparison|year=1991|publisher=[[Aarhus University]]|url=http://books.google.dk/books?id=9l4iSQAACAAJ&dq=&hl=da&ei=VtfmTb6zBYmWOviSoeUJ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBzgU|author=Nils Karl Sorensen, Bent Dalum, Erik Strøjer Madsen, Jorgen Ulff-Moller Nielsen|accessdate=2 June 2011}}


{{Foreign relations of Denmark}}
{{Foreign relations of Denmark}}
{{Foreign relations of the Republic of Ireland}}
{{Foreign relations of the Republic of Ireland}}
{{Portal bar|Politics|Denmark|Ireland}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Denmark - Ireland Relations}}


[[Category:Denmark–Ireland relations| ]]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Denmark – Ireland Relations}}
[[Category:Bilateral relations of Denmark|Ireland]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of Denmark|Ireland]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of the Republic of Ireland]]
[[Category:Bilateral relations of Ireland]]

Latest revision as of 19:36, 30 October 2023

Denmark–Ireland relations
Map indicating locations of Denmark and Ireland

Denmark
Ireland

The relations between Denmark and Ireland have been described as "excellent", and the two countries enjoy strong trade and cultural ties.[1] Denmark has an embassy in Dublin,[2] and Ireland has an embassy in Copenhagen.[3]

Diplomatic relations were established in January 1962 and both countries are members of the European Union since 1973.[4] Cathaoirleach Mark Daly moreover described Denmark as a "valued friend of Ireland" during the Brexit process.[5][6] Cultural ties date back to the Viking era.[7]

Both countries claim Rockall.[8]

History[edit]

Vikings and Ireland[edit]

Irish poet Lady Wilde described the ties between the two countries in 1884 as:[9]

Ireland and Denmark were connected together a thousand years ago by many ties, as our legends, history, and antiquities testify. Still, the two races remained entirely distinct, and fought and devastated and retaliated in many a fierce and cruel fashtion with inturing animosity and inextinguishable hatred. After much hard fighting, the Danes at length obtained a firm footing on the east coast, and Dublin… became exclusively a Danish city, where the powerful race of the Northmen ruled and reigned for nearly four hundred years.

She moreover stated that:[9]

The Danes were the most terrible and ungodly of pagans when they first came to our shores; but through the influence of the Irish saints and holy men of the Church they were gradually Christianized, and evinced their zeal by founding new churches… The first cathedral in Dublin, Christchurch was built by the Danes, and a Danish bishop first held the see.

Modern relations[edit]

The Gylfe building has been home to the Irish embassy in Copenhagen since the 1980s.

An air transport treaty was signed in 1947, between both countries.[10] Irish Minister of Agriculture Thomas Walsh visited Denmark in 1953.[11]

Diplomatic relations were only established in 1962 because of budgetary reasons on the side of the Irish and the Irish policy of minimum diplomatic relations, due to indifference to diplomatic relations except with the United Kingdom.[12] After establishing relations, the Irish ambassador in Amsterdam was accredited to Denmark until 1972 when an embassy opened in Copenhagen. Ireland had a Chargé d'affaires in Denmark from 1962 to 1972.[13] Conversely, Denmark opened an embassy in Dublin in 1973.[14]

The first Irish president to visit Denmark was Patrick Hillery in 1983 when he was accompanied by Foreign Minister Peter Barry on a state visit.[4] In 2010, President Mary McAleese visited Denmark to explore and promote trade and cultural relations, while Prime Minister Leo Varadkar visited Copenhagen in 2019 to discuss Brexit and climate policy.[15][16]

On the Danish side, Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen travelled to Dublin in 2002 to discuss the upcoming referendum on the treaty of Nice with Irish authorities, as Denmark had the EU presidency at the time.[17]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 18 Sep 2019 Vol. 986 No. 2". Oireachtas. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  2. ^ "Danmark i Irland" (in Danish). Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  3. ^ "Denmark". Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  4. ^ a b Ireland today (2). Information Section, Dept. of Foreign Affairs. 1983. p. 177. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2011.
  5. ^ "Seanad Éireann debate - Thursday, 2 Jun 2022 Vol. 286 No. 1". 2 June 2022. Retrieved 26 November 2022.
  6. ^ "Minister Humphreys trade and culture mission to Denmark". March 2017.
  7. ^ "McAleese urges Danes and Irish to build on 'cultural compatibility'". 12 October 2010. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
  8. ^ "Foreign & Commonwealth Office Response to Freedom of Information request regarding Rockall". Whatdotheyknow.com. 8 March 2012. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
  9. ^ a b Lady Wilde (1884). Driftwood from Scandinavia. pp. 1–2.
  10. ^ "Denmark and Ireland: Exchange of notes constituting an agreement relating to air transport. Dublin, 18 November 1947" (PDF) (561). United Nations. 18 November 1947: 7. Retrieved 2 June 2011. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  11. ^ "Dáil Éireann debate - Tuesday, 27 Oct 1953". Oireachtas. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  12. ^ Eliash, Shulamit (2007). The Harp and the Shield of David: Ireland, Zionism and the State of Israel. Routledge. pp. 79 and 197. ISBN 978-1134268276.
  13. ^ "Embassy history". Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  14. ^ Udenrigsministeriets Tidsskrift (in Danish). 1973. p. 76.
  15. ^ "President McAleese begins Danish visit". RTE. 11 October 2010. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
  16. ^ "Mette Frederiksen får besøg af Irlands premierminister". 2 October 2019. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
  17. ^ "Fogh: Der er ingen plan B". Berlingske (in Danish). 15 October 2002.
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