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{{Short description|Pakistani Sufi leader (1936–2021)}} |
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{{POV|date=March 2015}} |
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'''Mubarak Ali Shah Gillani''' (August 15, 1936 – May 15, 2021 in [[Lahore]])<ref name="Bukhari">{{Cite news |last=Bukhari |first=Mubasher |date=2021-05-30 |title=An unusual sufi |language=en |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/841746-an-unusual-sufi |access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref> was a Pakistani Sufi religious leader in the United States. A member of the [[Qadiriyya]] [[tariqa]], he was the founder of [[Muslims of America|The Muslims of America]] (MOA) and also founded the International Qur'anic Open University.<ref>{{cite web |title=International Qur'anic Open University - The Muslims of America, Inc. |url=http://www.tmoamerica.org/organizations/522-iqou |website=tmoamerica.org |access-date=11 July 2021}}</ref> |
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With full titles his name appears as '''El-Sheikh Syed |
With full titles his name appears as '''El-Sheikh Syed Mubarak Ali Shah Gillani Hashimi.''' |
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==Early |
==Early life and education== |
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Mubarak Ali Shah Gillani was the eldest son of Pir Maqsood Shah Gilani, having two brothers and four sisters. His family were the historical caretakers and custodians of the [[Mian Mir]] shrine in [[Lahore]].<ref name="Bukhari" /><ref name="ahmed">{{Cite news |last=Ahmed |first=Khaled |date=2021-02-04 |title=Daniel Pearl and Mubarak Shah Gilani |language=en-US |url=https://www.newsweekpakistan.com/daniel-pearl-and-mubarak-shah-gilani/ |access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref> |
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He graduated from the [[University of the Punjab]], where he founded the Adventure Club for climbers and mountaineers.<ref name="Bukhari" /> |
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==International Quranic Open University== |
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The International Qur'anic Open University is a premier institute for the intensive, in-depth study of the Quran, Islamic traditions and Sufic Sciences with a strong emphasis on the upholding and practice of the Quran and Sunnah. |
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== Political career == |
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In the 1970s, Gilani was active in Pakistan's national politics, having joined [[Asghar Khan|Air Marshal Asghar Khan]]’s [[Tehreek-e-Istiqlal|Tehreek-i-Istaqlal]], becoming the party's Punjab chapter vice president. Due to his political involvement, he was arrested thrice by the [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]] Government, pushing him to move to [[Saudi Arabia]] before shifting to the [[United States]].<ref name="Bukhari" /> |
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==The Muslims of America== |
==The Muslims of America== |
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The Muslims of America, Inc. was founded in 1980 by Gilani during his seven years in the United States during which he sought to establish Islam in America.<ref name="ahmed"/> Among other projects |
The [[Muslims of America|Muslims of America, Inc.]] (MOA) was founded in 1980 by Gilani during his seven years in the United States during which he sought to establish [[Islam]] in America.<ref name="ahmed"/> Among other projects, MOA has communities in the town of [[Hancock, New York]], called [[Islamberg, New York|Islamberg]] and in [[York County, South Carolina]], called [[Holy Islamville, South Carolina|Holy Islamville]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Paul L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cB4ktxSm1NcC&dq=%2522Mubarak+Ali+Gilani%2522&pg=PA201 |title=The Day of Islam: The Annihilation of America and the Western World |date=2010-09-30 |publisher=Prometheus Books |isbn=978-1-61592-095-2 |pages=201 |language=en}}</ref> A community in the [[Sierra Nevada]] foothills of [[California]], called [[Baladullah]], existed from 1989 to 2002. Hancock is additionally where [[Jamaat ul-Fuqra]], the terrorist group Gilani is alleged to be affiliated with, is said to be headquartered.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jamaat-ul-Fuqra, Terrorist Group of Pakistan |url=https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/pakistan/terroristoutfits/jamaat-ul-fuqra.htm |access-date=2022-02-20 |website=www.satp.org}}</ref> |
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==Publications== |
==Publications== |
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In 1978, Gilani published ''An Introduction to Quranic Psychology'',<ref>Jilani, Mubarik Ali (1976) ''An introduction to Quranic psychology''Quranic Research Institute, Lahore, Pakistan, [http://worldcat.org/oclc/18490762 OCLC 18490762]</ref> which detailed, according to him, proofs upon scientific evidence and witnessing about using the [[Qur'an]] |
In 1978, Gilani published ''An Introduction to Quranic Psychology'',<ref>Jilani, Mubarik Ali (1976) ''An introduction to Quranic psychology''Quranic Research Institute, Lahore, Pakistan, [http://worldcat.org/oclc/18490762 OCLC 18490762]</ref> which detailed, according to him, proofs upon scientific evidence and witnessing about using the [[Qur'an]] and religious observance to cure certain mental disorders. This was followed up by his ''An Introduction to Psychiatry: Based on Teaching of the Quran and also Contains Results of Scientific Demonstration of Curing Incurable Mental Diseases in the Psychiatric Institute, Taif, Saudi Arabia, 1976–1977''<ref>Jilani, Mubarik Ali (1981) ''An introduction to psychiatry: based on teaching of the Quran Al-Majeed and also contains results of scientific demonstration of curing incurable mental diseases in the Psychiatric Institute, Taif, Saudi Arabia, 1976–1977'' Zavia Books for the Quranic Research Institute of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan, [http://worldcat.org/oclc/18490762 OCLC 18490762]</ref> published in 1981. |
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In 1983 he published an edited and revised edition of [[Rawżat aṣ-ṣafāʾ|Rauzatus-Safa]], an influential 15th |
In 1983, he published an edited and revised edition of ''[[Rawżat aṣ-ṣafāʾ|Rauzatus-Safa]]'', an influential 15th century Islamic history volume set beginning with the creation of the [[Jinn]] and [[Adam in Islam|Adam]] and going all the way up to the [[Timurid dynasty|Temurid dynasty]].<ref>''Rauzatus-Safā fi Sīrat-ul-Ambiyā wal-Mulūk wal-Khulafā'' (''The Gardens of Purity concerning the biography of the Prophets and Kings and Caliphs'') by Syed Muhammad ibn Khawandshah ibn Mahmud Al-Hussaini, an historian also known as ''Mirkhwand'', originally published in [[Persian language|Persian]] in seven volumes in the year 1417 [[Common Era|C.E.]] (836 [[Islamic calendar#Numbering the years|A.H.]]), [http://worldcat.org/oclc/11220401 OCLC 11220401]</ref> ''Rauzatus-Safa'' was additionally edited, revised, and re-published in hardcover in 2014. |
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==Allegations and refutation of terrorist association== |
==Allegations and refutation of terrorist association== |
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It has been alleged by the |
It has been alleged by the [[Government of the United States]]<ref>"[https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/prs/dpb/2002/9025.htm Daily Press Briefing March 27, 2002]", U.S. Department of State.</ref> that Gilani is associated with the terrorist organization [[Jamaat ul-Fuqra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Netzley |first=Patricia D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zH5mDwAAQBAJ&dq=%2522Mubarak+Ali+Gilani%2522&pg=PA180 |title=Terrorism |date=2009-03-17 |publisher=Greenhaven Publishing LLC |isbn=978-0-7377-4622-8 |pages=180 |language=en}}</ref> In a 2002 interview, Gilani downplayed the impact of terrorism in the United States, claiming [[Jinn|genies]] to be a greater threat to American society.<ref>[http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/03/13/60II/main503644.shtml "Sheik Gilani: CBS' Man In Pakistan Tracks Him Down"], ''CBS News'', March 13, 2002</ref> In response to the allegations of connections to terrorism, Sheikh Gillani wrote: <blockquote>"In regard to the name, they say MOA is a front for ''Jamaat al Fuqra''. They try to keep bringing this name ''Jamaat al Fuqra'', but we don’t acknowledge it. Can our enemies show me, in my own writing, where I said I established Jamaat al Fuqra or its offices here in Pakistan or in America?" ... "None ever called themselves ''Jamaat ul Fuqra''"<ref>{{cite web|last1=Gilani|first1=El-Sheikh Mubarik Ali|title=IQOU Vice Chancellor Presents Historic Evidence of Situations Created to Cast Islam as the Enemy|url=http://islamicpostonline.com/article/iqou_vice_chancellor_presents_historic_evidence_situations_created_cast_islam_enemy|website=The Islamic Post|publisher=Islamic Post|accessdate=10 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100929142725/http://islamicpostonline.com/article/iqou_vice_chancellor_presents_historic_evidence_situations_created_cast_islam_enemy|archive-date=29 September 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref></blockquote> |
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===Daniel Pearl=== |
===Abduction of Daniel Pearl=== |
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[[Daniel Pearl]] was on his way to interview Gilani when he was abducted, although the meeting is believed to have been a set up.<ref name="Christie">{{Cite news |last=Christie |first=Chris |date=2020-12-28 |title=Extradite Daniel Pearl's Kidnapper - WSJ |newspaper=Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/extradite-daniel-pearls-kidnapper-11609182738 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202235127/https://www.wsj.com/articles/extradite-daniel-pearls-kidnapper-11609182738 |archive-date=2021-02-02 |access-date=2022-02-20 }}</ref> Pearl wanted to interview him regarding |
In January 2002, Jewish-American journalist [[Daniel Pearl]] was on his way to interview Gilani when he was abducted, although the meeting is believed to have been a set up by several Islamist jihadist groups working in collaboration.<ref name="Christie">{{Cite news |last=Christie |first=Chris |date=2020-12-28 |title=Extradite Daniel Pearl's Kidnapper - WSJ |newspaper=Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/extradite-daniel-pearls-kidnapper-11609182738 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202235127/https://www.wsj.com/articles/extradite-daniel-pearls-kidnapper-11609182738 |archive-date=2021-02-02 |access-date=2022-02-20 }}</ref> Pearl wanted to interview him regarding an alleged connection between Gilani and the "Shoe Bomber" [[Richard Colvin Reid|Richard Reid]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050911165234/http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/020610/archive_021602.htm "Made in the U.S.A."], ''USNews'', 10 June 2002. </ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090413144725/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1001778-2,00.html "The Odd Ordeal of Daniel Pearl"], ''Time'', 11 February 2002</ref> Gilani was questioned and arrested in Pakistan concerning the abduction and approved for extradition to the United States,<ref name="kjm">{{Cite news |last=Varma |first=KJM |title=rediff.com: Pak to extradite suspect in Pearl kidnapping case to US: Report |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2002/feb/04wsj.htm |access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref> but subsequently was released. The [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] later cleared him of any involvement in the abduction.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Amanpour|first1=Christiane|title=The Journalist and the Jihadi|url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0702/10/siu.02.html|website=CNN.com|publisher=CNN News|accessdate=5 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=US Officer Clears Sheikh Gilani in Daniel Pearl Murder Case|url=http://www.canadafreepress.com/2007/islamberg070107.htm|website=canadafreepress.com|publisher=Canada Free Press}}</ref> On February 1, 2002, Pearl was killed at an [[Al-Qaeda safe houses, Karachi|Al-Qaeda safe house in Karachi]]. |
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==Later life== |
==Later life and death== |
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Gilani returned to Pakistan |
After living in the United States, Gilani returned to Pakistan, where he began to be seen as a [[Faith_healing#Islam|healer]]. On May 15, 2021, Gilani died in [[Lahore]] from a stroke and underlying health conditions. Upon his death, he was survived by eight sons, three daughters and two wives.<ref name="Bukhari"/> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Category:1937 births]] |
[[Category:1937 births]] |
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[[Category:2021 deaths]] |
[[Category:2021 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Pakistani |
[[Category:Pakistani Sunni Muslims]] |
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[[Category:Pakistani Sufi religious leaders]] |
[[Category:Pakistani Sufi religious leaders]] |
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[[Category:Qadiri order]] |
[[Category:Qadiri order]] |
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[[Category:People from Lahore]] |
[[Category:People from Lahore]] |
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[[Category:American Sunni Muslims]] |
[[Category:American Sunni Muslims]] |
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[[Category:American Sufis]] |
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[[Category:American Islamists]] |
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[[Category:University of the Punjab alumni]] |
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Latest revision as of 17:23, 4 November 2023
Mubarak Ali Shah Gillani (August 15, 1936 – May 15, 2021 in Lahore)[1] was a Pakistani Sufi religious leader in the United States. A member of the Qadiriyya tariqa, he was the founder of The Muslims of America (MOA) and also founded the International Qur'anic Open University.[2]
With full titles his name appears as El-Sheikh Syed Mubarak Ali Shah Gillani Hashimi.
Early life and education
[edit]Mubarak Ali Shah Gillani was the eldest son of Pir Maqsood Shah Gilani, having two brothers and four sisters. His family were the historical caretakers and custodians of the Mian Mir shrine in Lahore.[1][3]
He graduated from the University of the Punjab, where he founded the Adventure Club for climbers and mountaineers.[1]
Political career
[edit]In the 1970s, Gilani was active in Pakistan's national politics, having joined Air Marshal Asghar Khan’s Tehreek-i-Istaqlal, becoming the party's Punjab chapter vice president. Due to his political involvement, he was arrested thrice by the Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Government, pushing him to move to Saudi Arabia before shifting to the United States.[1]
The Muslims of America
[edit]The Muslims of America, Inc. (MOA) was founded in 1980 by Gilani during his seven years in the United States during which he sought to establish Islam in America.[3] Among other projects, MOA has communities in the town of Hancock, New York, called Islamberg and in York County, South Carolina, called Holy Islamville.[4] A community in the Sierra Nevada foothills of California, called Baladullah, existed from 1989 to 2002. Hancock is additionally where Jamaat ul-Fuqra, the terrorist group Gilani is alleged to be affiliated with, is said to be headquartered.[5]
Publications
[edit]In 1978, Gilani published An Introduction to Quranic Psychology,[6] which detailed, according to him, proofs upon scientific evidence and witnessing about using the Qur'an and religious observance to cure certain mental disorders. This was followed up by his An Introduction to Psychiatry: Based on Teaching of the Quran and also Contains Results of Scientific Demonstration of Curing Incurable Mental Diseases in the Psychiatric Institute, Taif, Saudi Arabia, 1976–1977[7] published in 1981.
In 1983, he published an edited and revised edition of Rauzatus-Safa, an influential 15th century Islamic history volume set beginning with the creation of the Jinn and Adam and going all the way up to the Temurid dynasty.[8] Rauzatus-Safa was additionally edited, revised, and re-published in hardcover in 2014.
Allegations and refutation of terrorist association
[edit]It has been alleged by the Government of the United States[9] that Gilani is associated with the terrorist organization Jamaat ul-Fuqra.[10] In a 2002 interview, Gilani downplayed the impact of terrorism in the United States, claiming genies to be a greater threat to American society.[11] In response to the allegations of connections to terrorism, Sheikh Gillani wrote:
"In regard to the name, they say MOA is a front for Jamaat al Fuqra. They try to keep bringing this name Jamaat al Fuqra, but we don’t acknowledge it. Can our enemies show me, in my own writing, where I said I established Jamaat al Fuqra or its offices here in Pakistan or in America?" ... "None ever called themselves Jamaat ul Fuqra"[12]
Abduction of Daniel Pearl
[edit]In January 2002, Jewish-American journalist Daniel Pearl was on his way to interview Gilani when he was abducted, although the meeting is believed to have been a set up by several Islamist jihadist groups working in collaboration.[13] Pearl wanted to interview him regarding an alleged connection between Gilani and the "Shoe Bomber" Richard Reid.[14][15] Gilani was questioned and arrested in Pakistan concerning the abduction and approved for extradition to the United States,[16] but subsequently was released. The Federal Bureau of Investigation later cleared him of any involvement in the abduction.[17][18] On February 1, 2002, Pearl was killed at an Al-Qaeda safe house in Karachi.
Later life and death
[edit]After living in the United States, Gilani returned to Pakistan, where he began to be seen as a healer. On May 15, 2021, Gilani died in Lahore from a stroke and underlying health conditions. Upon his death, he was survived by eight sons, three daughters and two wives.[1]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Bukhari, Mubasher (2021-05-30). "An unusual sufi". Retrieved 2022-02-20.
- ^ "International Qur'anic Open University - The Muslims of America, Inc". tmoamerica.org. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- ^ a b Ahmed, Khaled (2021-02-04). "Daniel Pearl and Mubarak Shah Gilani". Retrieved 2022-02-20.
- ^ Williams, Paul L. (2010-09-30). The Day of Islam: The Annihilation of America and the Western World. Prometheus Books. p. 201. ISBN 978-1-61592-095-2.
- ^ "Jamaat-ul-Fuqra, Terrorist Group of Pakistan". www.satp.org. Retrieved 2022-02-20.
- ^ Jilani, Mubarik Ali (1976) An introduction to Quranic psychologyQuranic Research Institute, Lahore, Pakistan, OCLC 18490762
- ^ Jilani, Mubarik Ali (1981) An introduction to psychiatry: based on teaching of the Quran Al-Majeed and also contains results of scientific demonstration of curing incurable mental diseases in the Psychiatric Institute, Taif, Saudi Arabia, 1976–1977 Zavia Books for the Quranic Research Institute of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan, OCLC 18490762
- ^ Rauzatus-Safā fi Sīrat-ul-Ambiyā wal-Mulūk wal-Khulafā (The Gardens of Purity concerning the biography of the Prophets and Kings and Caliphs) by Syed Muhammad ibn Khawandshah ibn Mahmud Al-Hussaini, an historian also known as Mirkhwand, originally published in Persian in seven volumes in the year 1417 C.E. (836 A.H.), OCLC 11220401
- ^ "Daily Press Briefing March 27, 2002", U.S. Department of State.
- ^ Netzley, Patricia D. (2009-03-17). Terrorism. Greenhaven Publishing LLC. p. 180. ISBN 978-0-7377-4622-8.
- ^ "Sheik Gilani: CBS' Man In Pakistan Tracks Him Down", CBS News, March 13, 2002
- ^ Gilani, El-Sheikh Mubarik Ali. "IQOU Vice Chancellor Presents Historic Evidence of Situations Created to Cast Islam as the Enemy". The Islamic Post. Islamic Post. Archived from the original on 29 September 2010. Retrieved 10 March 2012.
- ^ Christie, Chris (2020-12-28). "Extradite Daniel Pearl's Kidnapper - WSJ". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 2021-02-02. Retrieved 2022-02-20.
- ^ "Made in the U.S.A.", USNews, 10 June 2002.
- ^ "The Odd Ordeal of Daniel Pearl", Time, 11 February 2002
- ^ Varma, KJM. "rediff.com: Pak to extradite suspect in Pearl kidnapping case to US: Report". Retrieved 2022-02-20.
- ^ Amanpour, Christiane. "The Journalist and the Jihadi". CNN.com. CNN News. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
- ^ "US Officer Clears Sheikh Gilani in Daniel Pearl Murder Case". canadafreepress.com. Canada Free Press.
