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{{short description|Black Hebrew Israelite leader}} |
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{{Black Hebrews}} |
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'''Frank S Cherry''' ({{circa|1875}}-1963) was the founder and leader of one of the early [[Black Hebrew Israelite]] groups in the United States. |
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{{AFC comment|1=Not enough to show independent notability from Black Hebrew Israelites article. [[User:AngusWOOF|<strong><span style="color: #606060;">AngusWOOF</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:AngusWOOF#top|<span style=" color: #663300;">bark</span>]] • [[Special:Contributions/AngusWOOF|<span style="color: #006600;">sniff</span>]]) 03:39, 10 April 2019 (UTC)}} |
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== Biography == |
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---- |
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Little is known about Cherry's early and adult life, other than that he was born in the [[Southern United States]]. He did not go to school but educated himself in both [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] and [[Yiddish]] and worked as a sailor, during which he claims to have been declared a prophet. He was a 33rd Degree Scottish Rite Mason, and member of the Big Brothers organization.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Cherry, Frank S.|url=https://oxfordaasc.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.001.0001/acref-9780195301731-e-35524|access-date=2021-04-25|website=Oxford African American Studies Center|year=2013|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.35524|isbn=978-0-19-530173-1|last1=Michel|first1=David}}</ref> |
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Cherry claimed to have a vision that [[African Americans]] are the descendants of the ancient [[Israelites]], during his time abroad.<ref name="Fernheimer2014">{{cite book|last=Fernheimer|first=Janice W.|title=Stepping Into Zion: Hatzaad Harishon, Black Jews, and the Remaking of Jewish Identity|publisher=University of Alabama Press|year=2014|isbn=9780817318246|page=10|quote=One of these groups, Prophet Cherry's Church of the Living God, the Pillar and Ground of Truth is the oldest known Black Judaic sect. It was originally established in Chattanooga, Tennessee, in 1886. Prophet Cherry argued they were part of the original Israelite tribes chased from Babylonia (and, they claim, into Central and Western Africa where they were later sold into slavery) by the Romans in 70 CE.}}</ref><ref name="Butts2017">{{cite web |last1=Butts |first1=Jimmy |title=The Origin and Insufficiency of the Black Hebrew Israelite Movement |url=https://www.equip.org/article/origin-insufficiency-black-hebrew-israelite-movement-article/ |publisher=CRI |language=English |date=21 July 2017 |quote=Toward the end of the nineteenth century, a man named Frank Cherry claimed to receive a vision through which God told him to present the message that African Americans are the true descendants of the biblical Hebrews. This eventually resulted in the establishment of the Church of the Living God, the Pillar Ground of Truth for All Nations in Chattanooga, Tennessee, around 1886.}}</ref> He then established and led a congregation in [[Chattanooga, Tennessee|Chattanooga]], [[Tennessee]], in 1886, where he preached that white people were inherently evil and hated by [[God]].<ref name="Butts2017" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2015/history-hebrew-israelism|title=History of Hebrew Israelism|website=Southern Poverty Law Center}}</ref> He would attempt to spread this belief in [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]], where he established the Church of God in 1915.<ref name=":0" /> Tenets of his group, known as the [[Church of the Living God, the Pillar Ground of Truth for All Nations]], included [[Black Nationalism]] and support for [[Marcus Garvey]].<ref name="Hutchinson2010">{{cite book|last=Hutchinson|first=Dawn|title=Antiquity and Social Reform: Religious Experience in the Unification Church, Feminist Wicca and Nation of Yahweh|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|year=2010|isbn=9781443823081|page=139|quote=The first was the Church of the Living God, the Pillar Ground of Truth for All Nations founded by F.S. Cherry in 1886 in Chattanooga, Tennessee. Cherry preached that Adam, Eve, and Jesus were black and that African Americans lost their Hebrew identity during slavery. Later, William S. Crowdy founded the Church of God and Saints of Christ in 1896 in Lawrence, Kansas. Crowdy taught that blacks were heirs of the lost tribes of Israel, while white Jews were descendants of inter-racial marriages between Israelites and white Christians.}}</ref><ref name="IVSigler2009">{{cite book|title=The New Black Gods: Arthur Huff Fauset and the Study of African American Religions|last=Rubel|first=Nora L.|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2009|isbn=9780253004086|editor-last1=Curtis IV|editor-first1=Edward E.|page=51-56|chapter='Chased Out of Palestine': Prophet Cherry's Church of God and Early Black Judaisms in the United States|editor-last2=Sigler|editor-first2=Danielle Brune}}</ref> Cherry also espoused [[antisemitism]], claimed that the earth is square, and professed that [[Jesus]] would return in the year 2000 to start a [[Race War|race war]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name="alt">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oZiScvbS6-cC&q=who+was+frank+cherry+black+israelites&pg=RA4-PA73|title=Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America [Five Volumes]|first=Eugene V.|last=Gallagher|date=22 January 2019|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]]|isbn=9780313050787}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Cherry was from the Deep South and worked on ships and railroads before taking over a religious congregation.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QQA4yUMzQzgC&q=who+was+frank+cherry+black+israelites&pg=PT76|title=Black Jews in Africa and the Americas|first=Tudor|last=Parfitt|date=4 February 2013|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=9780674071506}}</ref> He taught that God, Jesus, [[Adam]], and [[Eve]] were Black.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780820313771|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780820313771/page/130 130]|quote=prince benjamin f. cherry.|title=African Americans in the South: Issues of Race, Class, and Gender|first1=Hans A.|last1=Baer|first2=Yvonne|last2=Jones|date=April 10, 1992|publisher=University of Georgia Press|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> |
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'''Frank E. Cherry''' (died 1963) was the founder and leader of the first [[Black Hebrew Israelite]] churches in the United States. <ref name="Hutchinson2010">{{cite book|last=Hutchinson|first=Dawn|title=Antiquity and Social Reform: Religious Experience in the Unification Church, Feminist Wicca and Nation of Yahweh|year=2010|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=9781443823081|page=139|quote=The first was the Church of the Living God, the Pillar Ground of Truth for All Nations founded by F.S. Cherry in 1886 in Chattanooga, Tennessee. Cherry preached that Adam, Eve, and Jesus were black and that African Americans lost their Hebrew identity during slavery. Later, William S. Crowdy founded the Church of God and Saints of Christ in 1896 in Lawrence, Kansas. Crowdy taught that blacks were heirs of the lost tribes of Israel, while white Jews were descendants of inter-racial marriages between Israelites and white Christians.}}</ref><ref name="Fernheimer2014">{{cite book|last=Fernheimer|first=Janice W.|title=Stepping Into Zion: Hatzaad Harishon, Black Jews, and the Remaking of Jewish Identity|year=2014|publisher=University of Alabama Press|isbn=9780817318246|page=10|quote=One of these groups, Prophet Cherry's Church of the Living God, the Pillar and Ground of Truth for All Nations is the oldest known Black Judaic sect. It was originally established in Chattanooga, Tennessee, in 1886. Prophet Cherry argued they were part of the original Israelite tribes chased from Babylonia (and, they claim, into Central and Western Africa where they were later sold into slavery) by the Romans in 70 CE.}}</ref><ref name="IVSigler2009">{{cite book|title=The New Black Gods: Arthur Huff Fauset and the Study of African American Religions|last=Rubel|first=Nora L.|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2009|isbn=9780253004086|editor-last1=Curtis IV|editor-first1=Edward E.|location=|page=57|pages=|chapter='Chased Out of Palestine': Prophet Cherry's Church of God and Early Black Judaisms in the United States|quote=|editor-last2=Sigler|editor-first2=Danielle Brune}}</ref>Before moving to Philadelphia and establishing a congregation there, he established and led a congregation in Chattanooga, Tennessee in the late 19th century.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2015/history-hebrew-israelism|title=History of Hebrew Israelism|website=Southern Poverty Law Center}}</ref> Tenets of his church included [[Black Nationalism]] and support for [[Marcus Garvey]]. Cherry also espoused anti-semitism, claimed that the earth is square, and professed that [[Jesus]] would return in the year 2000.<ref name=alt>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oZiScvbS6-cC&pg=RA4-PA73&lpg=RA4-PA73&dq=who+was+frank+cherry+black+israelites&source=bl&ots=sFGeM8vHTg&sig=ACfU3U3ykVgNRlBBiN3P4k93w7slYTpKWQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwidgOWEj4LgAhUOUt8KHS_xCjE4ChDoATABegQICBAB#v=onepage&q=who+was+frank+cherry+black+israelites&f=false|title=Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America [Five Volumes]|first=Eugene V.|last=Gallagher|date=22 January 2019|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|via=}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Cherry was from the Deep South and worked on ships and railroads before taking over a religious congregation.<ref>{{cite |
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He established the Church of the Living God, the Pillar Ground of Truth for All Nations in 1886. |
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After his death, he was succeeded as the church's leader by his son Prince Benjamin F. Cherry.<ref name=alt/> |
After his death, he was succeeded as the church's leader by his son Prince Benjamin F. Cherry.<ref name=alt/> |
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[[Shais Rishon]], a Black Orthodox Jewish writer and activist, stated that Cherry was "a southern Baptist who never belonged nor converted to any branch of Judaism."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tribeherald.com/a-case-of-mistaken-identity-black-jews-hebrew-israelites/ |title=A Case of Mistaken Identity: Black Jews & Hebrew Israelites |date=16 August 2020 |publisher=TribeHerald.com |accessdate=2022-04-24}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[William Saunders Crowdy]] |
*[[William Saunders Crowdy]] |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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*''Black Gods of the Metropolis; Negro Religious Cults of the Urban North'' by [[Arthur Fauset]], University of Pennsylvania Press, 1944 |
*''Black Gods of the Metropolis; Negro Religious Cults of the Urban North'' by [[Arthur Fauset]], University of Pennsylvania Press, 1944 |
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{{authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Cherry, Frank}} |
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[[Category:1963 deaths]] |
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[[Category:20th-century African-American people]] |
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[[Category:Black Hebrew Israelite religious leaders]] |
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[[Category:Flat Earth proponents]] |
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[[Category:Founders of new religious movements]] |
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[[Category:Prophets]] |
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Latest revision as of 14:37, 5 December 2023
Frank S Cherry (c. 1875-1963) was the founder and leader of one of the early Black Hebrew Israelite groups in the United States.
Biography[edit]
Little is known about Cherry's early and adult life, other than that he was born in the Southern United States. He did not go to school but educated himself in both Hebrew and Yiddish and worked as a sailor, during which he claims to have been declared a prophet. He was a 33rd Degree Scottish Rite Mason, and member of the Big Brothers organization.[1]
Cherry claimed to have a vision that African Americans are the descendants of the ancient Israelites, during his time abroad.[2][3] He then established and led a congregation in Chattanooga, Tennessee, in 1886, where he preached that white people were inherently evil and hated by God.[3][4] He would attempt to spread this belief in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he established the Church of God in 1915.[1] Tenets of his group, known as the Church of the Living God, the Pillar Ground of Truth for All Nations, included Black Nationalism and support for Marcus Garvey.[5][6] Cherry also espoused antisemitism, claimed that the earth is square, and professed that Jesus would return in the year 2000 to start a race war.[4][7]
Cherry was from the Deep South and worked on ships and railroads before taking over a religious congregation.[8] He taught that God, Jesus, Adam, and Eve were Black.[9]
He established the Church of the Living God, the Pillar Ground of Truth for All Nations in 1886.[2][3]
After his death, he was succeeded as the church's leader by his son Prince Benjamin F. Cherry.[7]
Shais Rishon, a Black Orthodox Jewish writer and activist, stated that Cherry was "a southern Baptist who never belonged nor converted to any branch of Judaism."[10]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Michel, David (2013). "Cherry, Frank S." Oxford African American Studies Center. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.35524. ISBN 978-0-19-530173-1. Retrieved 2021-04-25.
- ^ a b Fernheimer, Janice W. (2014). Stepping Into Zion: Hatzaad Harishon, Black Jews, and the Remaking of Jewish Identity. University of Alabama Press. p. 10. ISBN 9780817318246.
One of these groups, Prophet Cherry's Church of the Living God, the Pillar and Ground of Truth is the oldest known Black Judaic sect. It was originally established in Chattanooga, Tennessee, in 1886. Prophet Cherry argued they were part of the original Israelite tribes chased from Babylonia (and, they claim, into Central and Western Africa where they were later sold into slavery) by the Romans in 70 CE.
- ^ a b c Butts, Jimmy (21 July 2017). "The Origin and Insufficiency of the Black Hebrew Israelite Movement". CRI.
Toward the end of the nineteenth century, a man named Frank Cherry claimed to receive a vision through which God told him to present the message that African Americans are the true descendants of the biblical Hebrews. This eventually resulted in the establishment of the Church of the Living God, the Pillar Ground of Truth for All Nations in Chattanooga, Tennessee, around 1886.
- ^ a b "History of Hebrew Israelism". Southern Poverty Law Center.
- ^ Hutchinson, Dawn (2010). Antiquity and Social Reform: Religious Experience in the Unification Church, Feminist Wicca and Nation of Yahweh. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 139. ISBN 9781443823081.
The first was the Church of the Living God, the Pillar Ground of Truth for All Nations founded by F.S. Cherry in 1886 in Chattanooga, Tennessee. Cherry preached that Adam, Eve, and Jesus were black and that African Americans lost their Hebrew identity during slavery. Later, William S. Crowdy founded the Church of God and Saints of Christ in 1896 in Lawrence, Kansas. Crowdy taught that blacks were heirs of the lost tribes of Israel, while white Jews were descendants of inter-racial marriages between Israelites and white Christians.
- ^ Rubel, Nora L. (2009). "'Chased Out of Palestine': Prophet Cherry's Church of God and Early Black Judaisms in the United States". In Curtis IV, Edward E.; Sigler, Danielle Brune (eds.). The New Black Gods: Arthur Huff Fauset and the Study of African American Religions. Indiana University Press. p. 51-56. ISBN 9780253004086.
- ^ a b Gallagher, Eugene V. (22 January 2019). Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America [Five Volumes]. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313050787.
- ^ Parfitt, Tudor (4 February 2013). Black Jews in Africa and the Americas. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674071506.
- ^ Baer, Hans A.; Jones, Yvonne (April 10, 1992). African Americans in the South: Issues of Race, Class, and Gender. University of Georgia Press. p. 130 – via Internet Archive.
prince benjamin f. cherry.
- ^ "A Case of Mistaken Identity: Black Jews & Hebrew Israelites". TribeHerald.com. 16 August 2020. Retrieved 2022-04-24.
Further reading[edit]
- Black Gods of the Metropolis; Negro Religious Cults of the Urban North by Arthur Fauset, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1944