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{{Short description|Finnish theatre director and controversialist}}
{{BLP sources|date=May 2009}}
{{refimprove|date=May 2019}}
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'''Jouko Veli Turkka''' (17 April 1942 – 22 July 2016) was a Finnish theatrical director and [[controversialist]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Europe |last=Rubin |first=Don |author2=Péter Nagy |author3=Philippe Rouyer |year=1994 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=978-0-415-05928-2 |page=261 }}</ref> He was assistant director of the [[Helsinki City Theatre]] from 1975 to 1982, and a professor at the [[Helsinki]] School of Drama from 1981 to 1988, being its rector from 1982 to 1985.<ref>{{cite book |title=A history of Finland's literature |last=Schoolfield |first=George C. |year=1998 |publisher=[[University of Nebraska Press]] |isbn=978-0-8032-4189-3 |page=267 }}</ref> Turkka influenced a whole generation of Finnish actors,<ref>{{cite journal |last= |first= |date=Winter 2002 |title= |journal=Western European stages |publisher=Center for Advanced Study in Theatre Arts, [[City University of New York]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=45 |issn=1050-1991 |pmid= |doi= |bibcode= |oclc= |url= }}</ref> and created a recognisable style of acting.
[[File:Jouko-Turkka-1972.jpg|thumb|right|Jouko Turkka in the early 1970s.]]
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'''Jouko Veli Turkka''' (17 April 1942 – 22 July 2016) was a Finnish theatrical director and [[controversialist]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Europe |last=Rubin |first=Don |author2=Nagy, Péter |author3=Rouyer, Philippe |year=1994 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=978-0-415-05928-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/worldencyclopedi0002unse_j6c2/page/261 261] |url=https://archive.org/details/worldencyclopedi0002unse_j6c2/page/261 }}</ref> He was assistant director of the [[Helsinki City Theatre]] from 1975 to 1982, and a professor at the [[Helsinki Theatre Academy]] from 1981 to 1988, being its rector from 1982 to 1985.<ref>{{cite book |title=A history of Finland's literature |last=Schoolfield |first=George C. |year=1998 |publisher=[[University of Nebraska Press]] |isbn=978-0-8032-4189-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyoffinland00geor/page/267 267] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/historyoffinland00geor/page/267 }}</ref> Turkka influenced a whole generation of Finnish actors,<ref>{{cite journal |date=Winter 2002 |journal=Western European Stages |publisher=Center for Advanced Study in Theatre Arts, [[City University of New York]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=45 |issn=1050-1991 | title= }}</ref> and created a recognisable style of acting.


Turkka died after a long illness on 22 July 2016, aged 74.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.fi/viihde/seurapiirit/artikkeli/pirkkalainen-teatterilegenda-jouko-turkka-on-kuollut/6013320|title=Pirkkalainen: Teatterilegenda Jouko Turkka on kuollut |work=mtv.fi}}</ref>
Turkka died after a long illness on 22 July 2016, aged 74.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.fi/viihde/seurapiirit/artikkeli/pirkkalainen-teatterilegenda-jouko-turkka-on-kuollut/6013320|title=Pirkkalainen: Teatterilegenda Jouko Turkka on kuollut |work=mtv.fi|date=3 August 2016 }}</ref><ref>[http://yle.fi/uutiset/provocative_director_turkka_dies_at_74/9070151 Provocative director Turkka dies at 74]</ref>


== Technique ==
== Technique ==
The method was to progressively search for a mental borderline state by [[psychic]] and physical exertion, and the result was frequently an acting performance characterised by actors shaking uncontrollably and spewing spit and snot and other bodily fluids around them. Some likened the method to brainwashing, or to those of religious cults.
The method was to progressively search for a mental borderline state by way of psychological and physical exertion, and the result was frequently an acting performance characterised by actors shaking uncontrollably and spewing spit and snot and other bodily fluids around them. Some likened the method to brainwashing, or to those of religious cults.


In 1987 the government had cause to remove him from his post as rector of the Helsinki School of Drama, when a group of his students held a performance at a theater symposium held in the city of [[Oulu]]. The organizers had specifically requested that the group should present something "shocking" so that there would be a bit of fuel for late night discussions at the bar.<ref>{{Cite news |last =Harakka |first =Timo |author-link =Timo Harakka |title =Paluu 1980-luvun Big Brother -taloon |newspaper =Helsingin Sanomat |date =February 2009 |url =http://www.hs.fi/kirjat/artikkeli/Paluu+1980-luvun+Big+Brother+-taloon/HS20090219SI1KU01emy }}</ref> However the young students overshot expectations by staging a [[performance art]] piece in which they cut themselves to bleed, smeared each other with excrement, and crucified and whipped one of their number. The group, called "Jumalan Teatteri" (The Theatre Of God) in a direct reference to [[Antonin Artaud]], also hurled excrement at the audience, resulting in well-publicised laundry bills and court cases for the recompense for same.{{Citation needed|date=May 2009}}
In 1987 the government had cause to remove him from his post as rector of the Helsinki School of Drama, when a group of his students held a performance at a theater symposium held in the city of [[Oulu]]. The organizers had specifically requested that the group should present something "shocking" so that there would be a bit of fuel for late night discussions at the bar.<ref>{{Cite news |last =Harakka |first =Timo |author-link =Timo Harakka |title =Paluu 1980-luvun Big Brother -taloon |newspaper =Helsingin Sanomat |date=19 February 2009 |url =http://www.hs.fi/kulttuuri/art-2000004633690.html |url-status =live |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20121020072930/http://www.hs.fi/kirjat/artikkeli/Paluu+1980-luvun+Big+Brother+-taloon/HS20090219SI1KU01emy |archive-date =2012-10-20 | access-date=2023-04-02 }}</ref> However the young students overshot expectations by staging a [[performance art]] piece in which they cut themselves to bleed, smeared each other with excrement, and crucified and whipped one of their number. The group, called "[[Jumalan teatteri]]" (The Theatre of God) in a direct reference to [[Antonin Artaud]], also hurled excrement at the audience, resulting in well-publicised laundry bills and court cases for the recompense for same.{{Citation needed|date=May 2009}}


When the Finnish Minister of Culture appointed [[Maija-Liisa Marton]] to follow him as headmaster, the whole student body occupied and barricaded the school building with desks and chairs, refusing to "give it up".
When the Finnish Minister of Culture appointed [[Maija-Liisa Márton]] to follow him as headmaster, the whole student body occupied and barricaded the school building with desks and chairs, refusing to "give it up".

Although he was renowned for his sadistic directorial style and numerous instances of reducing acting students or actors he was directing to tears and/or nervous breakdowns, few people doubt his genius.{{Citation needed|date=May 2009}}


Several actors have written books which describe their experiences with him, either as students or actors.
Several actors have written books which describe their experiences with him, either as students or actors.
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*''[[Aiheita]]'' (1982; [[J. H. Erkko Award]])
*''[[Aiheita]]'' (1982; [[J. H. Erkko Award]])
*''[[Selvitys oikeuskanslerille]]'' (1984)
*''[[Selvitys oikeuskanslerille]]'' (1984)
*''[[Häpeä]]'' (1994)
*''[[Häpeä (Turkka)|Häpeä]]'' (1994)
*''[[Nyt alkoi elämä]]'' (1996)
*''[[Nyt alkoi elämä]]'' (1996)
*''[[Kärsimys on turhaa]]'' (2017)


==Plays, directed by==
==Selected plays, directed by==
* ''Anu ja Mikko'' (1968)
* ''Anu ja Mikko'' (1968)
* ''Hyvästi Mansikki'' (1969)
* ''Hyvästi Mansikki'' (1969)
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* ''Presidentin dementia'' (1993)
* ''Presidentin dementia'' (1993)
* ''Att hyra en kändis'' (1994)
* ''Att hyra en kändis'' (1994)
* ''Kumpi nauttii enemmän - Mies vai nainen?'' (1995)
* ''Kumpi nauttii enemmän – mies vai nainen?'' (1995)
* ''Rakkaita pettymyksiä rakkaudessa'' (1996)
* ''Rakkaita pettymyksiä rakkaudessa'' (1996)
* ''Täysin tyydytetty nainen'' (1997)
* ''Täysin tyydytetty nainen'' (1997)
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==Books about Jouko Turkka==
==Books about Jouko Turkka==
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* ''Sotilaan Tarina'' (1986) by [[Anna-Leena Härkönen]] (a novel which includes a recognizable character of a bald-headed theater director)
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* ''Kausi Helvetissä'' (1988) by [[Kari Kontio]]
⚫
* ''Lihat Ylös!'' (1988) by Anneli Ollikainen
⚫
* ''Menkää mielenhäiriöön'' (2001) by [[Ville Virtanen (actor)|Ville Virtanen]] (a [[roman à clef]] which Virtanen has openly acknowledged portrays his own student days under the Turkka method)


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==References==
⚫
* ''Sotilaan Tarina'', (1986) by [[Anna-Leena Härkönen]] (a novel which includes a recognizable character of a bald-headed theater director)
⚫
{{Reflist}}
⚫
* ''Kausi Helvetissä'', (1988) by [[Kari Kontio]]
⚫
* ''Lihat Ylös!'', (1988) by Anneli Ollikainen
⚫
* ''Menkää Mielenhäiriöön'', (2001) by [[Ville Virtanen (actor)|Ville Virtanen]] (a [[roman a clef]] which Virtanen has openly acknowledged portrays his own student days under the [[Turkka method]])


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=4&ag=25&t=146&a=3541 a video documentary and interview clip (in Finnish)]
* [http://yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=4&ag=25&t=146&a=3541 A video documentary and interview clip (in Finnish)]
* [https://www.turkkaseura.fi/ Jouko Turkka Society (in Finnish).]

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==References==
⚫
{{Reflist}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:People from Pirkkala]]
[[Category:People from Pirkkala]]
[[Category:Finnish dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Finnish dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Performance artists]]
[[Category:Finnish performance artists]]
[[Category:Finnish theatre directors]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of the Arts Helsinki]]

Latest revision as of 09:44, 10 February 2024

Jouko Turkka in the early 1970s.

Jouko Veli Turkka (17 April 1942 – 22 July 2016) was a Finnish theatrical director and controversialist.[1] He was assistant director of the Helsinki City Theatre from 1975 to 1982, and a professor at the Helsinki Theatre Academy from 1981 to 1988, being its rector from 1982 to 1985.[2] Turkka influenced a whole generation of Finnish actors,[3] and created a recognisable style of acting.

Turkka died after a long illness on 22 July 2016, aged 74.[4][5]

Technique[edit]

The method was to progressively search for a mental borderline state by way of psychological and physical exertion, and the result was frequently an acting performance characterised by actors shaking uncontrollably and spewing spit and snot and other bodily fluids around them. Some likened the method to brainwashing, or to those of religious cults.

In 1987 the government had cause to remove him from his post as rector of the Helsinki School of Drama, when a group of his students held a performance at a theater symposium held in the city of Oulu. The organizers had specifically requested that the group should present something "shocking" so that there would be a bit of fuel for late night discussions at the bar.[6] However the young students overshot expectations by staging a performance art piece in which they cut themselves to bleed, smeared each other with excrement, and crucified and whipped one of their number. The group, called "Jumalan teatteri" (The Theatre of God) in a direct reference to Antonin Artaud, also hurled excrement at the audience, resulting in well-publicised laundry bills and court cases for the recompense for same.[citation needed]

When the Finnish Minister of Culture appointed Maija-Liisa Márton to follow him as headmaster, the whole student body occupied and barricaded the school building with desks and chairs, refusing to "give it up".

Several actors have written books which describe their experiences with him, either as students or actors.

Literary works[edit]

Selected plays, directed by[edit]

  • Anu ja Mikko (1968)
  • Hyvästi Mansikki (1969)
  • Tuntematon sotilas (1971)
  • Tulitikkuja lainaamassa (1972)
  • Kyllikki ja Runar (1974, 1996)
  • Nummisuutarit (1974, 1975)
  • Siinä näkijä missä tekijä (1976)
  • Niskavuoren nuori emäntä (1977)
  • Putkinotko (1978)
  • Aavesonaatti (1978)
  • Viisas neitsyt (1979)
  • Tuntematon sotilas (1979)
  • Murtovarkaus (The Burglary) (1981)[7]
  • Voimamies (1982)
  • Tuhat ja yksi yötä (1983)
  • Hypnoosi (1985)
  • Kött och Kärlek (1986)
  • Valheita (1990)
  • Presidentin dementia (1993)
  • Att hyra en kändis (1994)
  • Kumpi nauttii enemmän – mies vai nainen? (1995)
  • Rakkaita pettymyksiä rakkaudessa (1996)
  • Täysin tyydytetty nainen (1997)
  • Yksi yö Ruotsalaista Kesää (2004)
  • Konkurssisirkus (2005)

Books about Jouko Turkka[edit]

  • Sotilaan Tarina (1986) by Anna-Leena Härkönen (a novel which includes a recognizable character of a bald-headed theater director)
  • Kausi Helvetissä (1988) by Kari Kontio
  • Lihat Ylös! (1988) by Anneli Ollikainen
  • Menkää mielenhäiriöön (2001) by Ville Virtanen (a roman à clef which Virtanen has openly acknowledged portrays his own student days under the Turkka method)

References[edit]

  1. ^ Rubin, Don; Nagy, Péter; Rouyer, Philippe (1994). The World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Europe. Taylor & Francis. p. 261. ISBN 978-0-415-05928-2.
  2. ^ Schoolfield, George C. (1998). A history of Finland's literature. University of Nebraska Press. p. 267. ISBN 978-0-8032-4189-3.
  3. ^ Western European Stages. 14 (1). Center for Advanced Study in Theatre Arts, City University of New York: 45. Winter 2002. ISSN 1050-1991. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  4. ^ "Pirkkalainen: Teatterilegenda Jouko Turkka on kuollut". mtv.fi. 3 August 2016.
  5. ^ Provocative director Turkka dies at 74
  6. ^ Harakka, Timo (19 February 2009). "Paluu 1980-luvun Big Brother -taloon". Helsingin Sanomat. Archived from the original on 2012-10-20. Retrieved 2023-04-02.
  7. ^ Lehtonen, Soila (Fall 1982). "Jouko Turkka's The Burglary". The Drama Review. 26 (2). MIT Press. ISSN 1054-2043.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jouko_Turkka&oldid=1205744220"