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{{Short description|Skeletal muscle of the upper back}}
{{Muscle infobox |
{{Use American English|date = January 2019}}
Name = Rhomboid minor |
{{Use mdy dates|date = January 2019}}
Latin = musculus rhomboideus minor |
{{Infobox muscle
GraySubject = 121 |
GrayPage = 434 |
| Name = Rhomboid minor
Image = Rhomboideus minor.png |
| Latin = musculus rhomboideus minor
Caption = Muscles connecting the upper extremity to the vertebral column. (Rhomboid minor in red) |
| Image = Rhomboideus minor.png
| Caption = Muscles connecting the upper extremity to the vertebral column. (Rhomboid minor in red)
Origin = [[nuchal ligaments]] and [[spinous processes]] of C7–T1 |
| Origin = [[Nuchal ligaments]] and [[spinous processes]] of [[Cervical vertebrae|C7-T1]]
Insertion = medial border of scapula |
| Insertion = [[Medial border of scapula]], superior to the insertion of [[rhomboid major muscle]]
Blood = [[dorsal scapular artery]] |
| Blood = Deep branch of [[transverse cervical artery]]
Nerve = [[dorsal scapular nerve]] (C4–5) |
| Nerve = [[Dorsal scapular nerve]] ([[Cervical spinal nerve 4|C4]]–[[Cervical spinal nerve 5|5]])
Action = [[Retraction (kinesiology)|Retracts]] and rotates scapula, fixes scapula to [[thoracic wall]] |
| Action = [[Retraction (kinesiology)|Retracts]] and rotates scapula, fixes scapula to [[thoracic wall]]
Antagonist = [[Serratus anterior muscle|serratus anterior]] |
| Antagonist = [[Serratus anterior muscle|Serratus anterior]]
MeshName = |
MeshNumber = |
DorlandsPre = m_22 |
DorlandsSuf = 12550544 |
}}
}}
In human anatomy, the '''rhomboid minor''' is a small [[skeletal muscle]] on the back that connects the [[scapula]] with the vertebrae of the [[spinal column]].
In human anatomy, the '''rhomboid minor''' is a small [[skeletal muscle]] of the back that connects the [[scapula]] to the vertebrae of the [[spinal column]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}} It arises from the [[nuchal ligament]], and the 7th [[Cervical vertebrae|cervical]] and 1st [[thoracic vertebrae]] and intervening [[supraspinous ligament]]s; it inserts onto the [[Medial border of scapula|medial border of the scapula]]. It is innervated by the [[dorsal scapular nerve]].


Located inferior to [[Levator scapulae muscle|levator scapulae]] and superior to [[Rhomboid major muscle|rhomboid major]], it acts together with the latter to keep the scapula pressed against the thoracic wall.
It acts together with the [[Rhomboid major muscle|rhomboid major]] to keep the scapula pressed against the thoracic wall.<ref name="Platzer">{{cite book |last=Platzer |first=W |date=2004 |title=Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol. 1: Locomotor System |edition=5th |publisher=Thieme |isbn=1-58890-159-9 |page=144}}</ref>
<!-- nor ref -->
⚫
It lies deep to [[Trapezius muscle|trapezius]] but superficial to the long spinal muscles.<ref name="GP">{{GPnotebook|194641998}}</ref><!-- typo in ref -->


== Origin and insertion ==
== Anatomy ==
⚫
The rhomboid minor arises from the inferior border of the [[nuchal ligament]], from the [[spinous process]]es of the seventh [[Cervical vertebrae|cervical]] and first [[thoracic vertebrae]], and from the intervening [[supraspinous ligament]]s.
<ref name="GP" />


=== Origin ===
It is inserted into a small area of the [[Medial border of scapula|medial border]] of the scapula at the level of the [[Spine of scapula|scapular spine]].
⚫
The rhomboid minor arises from the inferior border of the [[nuchal ligament]], from the [[spinous process]]es of the vertebrae C7–T1, and from the intervening [[supraspinous ligament]]s.<ref name="GP">{{Cite GPnotebook|194641998|rhomboid minor (anatomy)}}</ref>
<ref>{{MuscleLoyola|rhmn}}</ref>


== Action ==
=== Insertion ===
It inserts onto a small area of the [[Medial border of scapula|medial border of the scapula]] at the level of the [[Spine of scapula|scapular spine]].<ref>[http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/mml/rhmn.htm Origin, insertion and nerve supply of the muscle] at Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine</ref>
⚫
Together with the rhomboid major, the rhomboid minor retracts the scapula when trapezius is contracted. Acting as an antagonist to the trapezius, both rhomboids elevate the medial border of the scapula medially and upward, working in tandem with the [[levator scapulae muscle]] to rotate the scapulae downward. While other shoulder muscles are active, the rhomboids stabilize the scapula.
<ref>{{cite web
| title = Function (of rhomboid muscles)
| publisher = GP Notebook
| url = http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=1912995918&linkID=29917
| accessdate = January 2011
}}</ref>


== Innervation and blood supply ==
=== Innervation ===
The nerve supply comes from the [[dorsal scapular nerve]], with most of its fibers derived from the C5 nerve root and only minor contribution from C4 or C6.
It is innervated by the [[dorsal scapular nerve]] (a branch of the [[brachial plexus]]), with most of its fibers derived from the C5 nerve root and only minor contribution from C4 or C6.<ref name="Martin-Fish-2008">{{Cite journal |last1=Martin |first1=R. M. |last2=Fish |first2=D. E. |year=2007 |title=Scapular winging: anatomical review, diagnosis, and treatments |journal=Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1007/s12178-007-9000-5 |pmc=2684151 |pmid=19468892}}, p. 4</ref>
<ref name="Martin-Fish-2008">{{cite doi|10.1007/s12178-007-9000-5}}, p. 4</ref>


=== Blood supply ===
The rhomboid minor gets its arterial blood supply from the [[dorsal scapular artery]].
The rhomboid minor receives arterial blood supply from the [[dorsal scapular artery]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}


== Variation ==
=== Relations ===
It is located inferior to [[Levator scapulae muscle|levator scapulae]], and superior to [[Rhomboid major muscle|rhomboid major]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}
⚫
It is usually separated from the rhomboid major by a slight interval, but the adjacent margins of the two muscles are occasionally united.

<ref name="Gray's-1918">''[[Gray's Anatomy]]'' (1918), see infobox</ref>
⚫
It lies deep to [[Trapezius muscle|trapezius]], and superficial to the long spinal muscles.<ref name="GP" /><!-- typo in ref -->

=== Variation ===
⚫
It is usually separated from the rhomboid major by a slight interval, but the adjacent margins of the two muscles are occasionally united.<ref name="Gray's-1918">''[[Gray's Anatomy]]'' (1918), see infobox</ref>

=== Actions/movements ===
⚫
Together with the rhomboid major, the rhomboid minor retracts the scapula when trapezius is contracted. Acting as a synergist to the trapezius, the rhomboid major and minor elevate the medial border of the scapula medially and upward, working in tandem with the [[levator scapulae muscle]] to rotate the scapulae downward. While other shoulder muscles are active, the rhomboid major and minor stabilize the scapula.<ref>{{cite web| title = Function (of rhomboid muscles)| publisher = GP Notebook| url = http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=1912995918&linkID=29917| access-date = January 28, 2011}}</ref>


== Additional images ==
== Additional images ==
{{Gallery|width=150|height=150|lines=3
{{Gallery|width=150|height=150|File:Rhomboid minor muscle animation small.gif|Position of rhomboid minor muscle (shown in red).
|File:Gray203.png|Left scapula. Dorsal surface.
|File:Rhomboid minor muscle animation small.gif|Position of rhomboid minor muscle (shown in red).
|File:Gray203.png|Left scapula. Dorsal surface.
|File:Gray521.png|The scapular and circumflex arteries.
|File:BodybuildingWoman.jpg|Full back muscle flex.
|File:Gray521.png|The scapular and circumflex arteries.
}}
}}


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Gray's}}
{{Gray's}}
{{Reflist}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
{{Commonscat|Rhomboid minor muscles}}
{{Commons category|Rhomboid minor muscles}}
* {{SUNYAnatomyLabs|01|st|02|11}}
* {{SUNYAnatomyLabs|01|st|02|11}}


{{Muscles of thorax and back}}
{{Muscles of thorax and back}}
{{Portal bar|Anatomy}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Muscles of the upper limb]]
[[Category:Muscles of the upper limb]]

Latest revision as of 15:53, 11 February 2024

Rhomboid minor
Muscles connecting the upper extremity to the vertebral column. (Rhomboid minor in red)
Details
OriginNuchal ligaments and spinous processes of C7-T1
InsertionMedial border of scapula, superior to the insertion of rhomboid major muscle
ArteryDeep branch of transverse cervical artery
NerveDorsal scapular nerve (C4–5)
ActionsRetracts and rotates scapula, fixes scapula to thoracic wall
AntagonistSerratus anterior
Identifiers
Latinmusculus rhomboideus minor
TA98A04.3.01.008
TA22233
FMA13380
Anatomical terms of muscle

In human anatomy, the rhomboid minor is a small skeletal muscle of the back that connects the scapula to the vertebrae of the spinal column.[citation needed] It arises from the nuchal ligament, and the 7th cervical and 1st thoracic vertebrae and intervening supraspinous ligaments; it inserts onto the medial border of the scapula. It is innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve.

It acts together with the rhomboid major to keep the scapula pressed against the thoracic wall.[1]

Anatomy[edit]

Origin[edit]

The rhomboid minor arises from the inferior border of the nuchal ligament, from the spinous processes of the vertebrae C7–T1, and from the intervening supraspinous ligaments.[2]

Insertion[edit]

It inserts onto a small area of the medial border of the scapula at the level of the scapular spine.[3]

Innervation[edit]

It is innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve (a branch of the brachial plexus), with most of its fibers derived from the C5 nerve root and only minor contribution from C4 or C6.[4]

Blood supply[edit]

The rhomboid minor receives arterial blood supply from the dorsal scapular artery.[citation needed]

Relations[edit]

It is located inferior to levator scapulae, and superior to rhomboid major.[citation needed]

It lies deep to trapezius, and superficial to the long spinal muscles.[2]

Variation[edit]

It is usually separated from the rhomboid major by a slight interval, but the adjacent margins of the two muscles are occasionally united.[5]

Actions/movements[edit]

Together with the rhomboid major, the rhomboid minor retracts the scapula when trapezius is contracted. Acting as a synergist to the trapezius, the rhomboid major and minor elevate the medial border of the scapula medially and upward, working in tandem with the levator scapulae muscle to rotate the scapulae downward. While other shoulder muscles are active, the rhomboid major and minor stabilize the scapula.[6]

Additional images[edit]

  • Position of rhomboid minor muscle (shown in red).
    Position of rhomboid minor muscle (shown in red).
  • Left scapula. Dorsal surface.
    Left scapula. Dorsal surface.
  • The scapular and circumflex arteries.
    The scapular and circumflex arteries.
  • Full back muscle flex.
    Full back muscle flex.

References[edit]

Public domain This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 434 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

  1. ^ Platzer, W (2004). Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol. 1: Locomotor System (5th ed.). Thieme. p. 144. ISBN 1-58890-159-9.
  2. ^ a b "rhomboid minor (anatomy)". GPnotebook.
  3. ^ Origin, insertion and nerve supply of the muscle at Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine
  4. ^ Martin, R. M.; Fish, D. E. (2007). "Scapular winging: anatomical review, diagnosis, and treatments". Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine. 1 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1007/s12178-007-9000-5. PMC 2684151. PMID 19468892., p. 4
  5. ^ Gray's Anatomy (1918), see infobox
  6. ^ "Function (of rhomboid muscles)". GP Notebook. Retrieved January 28, 2011.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rhomboid minor muscles.
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