Rhomboid minor muscle: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Skeletal muscle of the upper back}} |
{{Short description|Skeletal muscle of the upper back}} |
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{{Use mdy dates|date = January 2019}} |
{{Use mdy dates|date = January 2019}} |
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{{Infobox muscle |
{{Infobox muscle |
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| Name = Rhomboid minor |
| Name = Rhomboid minor |
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| Latin = |
| Latin = musculus rhomboideus minor |
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| Image = Rhomboideus minor.png |
| Image = Rhomboideus minor.png |
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| Caption = Muscles connecting the upper extremity to the vertebral column. (Rhomboid minor in red) |
| Caption = Muscles connecting the upper extremity to the vertebral column. (Rhomboid minor in red) |
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| Origin = [[Nuchal ligaments]] and [[spinous processes]] of [[Cervical vertebrae|C7-T1]] |
| Origin = [[Nuchal ligaments]] and [[spinous processes]] of [[Cervical vertebrae|C7-T1]] |
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| Insertion = [[Medial border of scapula]], superior to the insertion of [[rhomboid major muscle]] |
| Insertion = [[Medial border of scapula]], superior to the insertion of [[rhomboid major muscle]] |
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| Blood = |
| Blood = Deep branch of [[transverse cervical artery]] |
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| Nerve = [[Dorsal scapular nerve]] ([[Cervical spinal nerve 4|C4]]–[[Cervical spinal nerve 5|5]]) |
| Nerve = [[Dorsal scapular nerve]] ([[Cervical spinal nerve 4|C4]]–[[Cervical spinal nerve 5|5]]) |
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| Action = [[Retraction (kinesiology)|Retracts]] and rotates scapula, fixes scapula to [[thoracic wall]] |
| Action = [[Retraction (kinesiology)|Retracts]] and rotates scapula, fixes scapula to [[thoracic wall]] |
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| Antagonist = [[Serratus anterior muscle|Serratus anterior]] |
| Antagonist = [[Serratus anterior muscle|Serratus anterior]] |
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}} |
}} |
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In human anatomy, the '''rhomboid minor''' is a small [[skeletal muscle]] |
In human anatomy, the '''rhomboid minor''' is a small [[skeletal muscle]] of the back that connects the [[scapula]] to the vertebrae of the [[spinal column]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}} It arises from the [[nuchal ligament]], and the 7th [[Cervical vertebrae|cervical]] and 1st [[thoracic vertebrae]] and intervening [[supraspinous ligament]]s; it inserts onto the [[Medial border of scapula|medial border of the scapula]]. It is innervated by the [[dorsal scapular nerve]]. |
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It acts together with the [[Rhomboid major muscle|rhomboid major]] to keep the scapula pressed against the thoracic wall.<ref name="Platzer">{{cite book |last=Platzer |first=W |date=2004 |title=Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol. 1: Locomotor System |edition=5th |publisher=Thieme |isbn=1-58890-159-9 |page=144}}</ref> |
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== Anatomy == |
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=== Origin === |
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=== Insertion === |
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| ⚫ | It inserts onto a small area of the [[Medial border of scapula|medial border of the scapula]] at the level of the [[Spine of scapula|scapular spine]].<ref>[http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/mml/rhmn.htm Origin, insertion and nerve supply of the muscle] at Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine</ref> |
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== |
=== Innervation === |
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| ⚫ | It is innervated by the [[dorsal scapular nerve]] (a branch of the [[brachial plexus]]), with most of its fibers derived from the C5 nerve root and only minor contribution from C4 or C6.<ref name="Martin-Fish-2008">{{Cite journal |last1=Martin |first1=R. M. |last2=Fish |first2=D. E. |year=2007 |title=Scapular winging: anatomical review, diagnosis, and treatments |journal=Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1007/s12178-007-9000-5 |pmc=2684151 |pmid=19468892}}, p. 4</ref> |
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=== Blood supply === |
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=== Relations === |
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| ⚫ | Together with the rhomboid major, the rhomboid minor retracts the scapula when trapezius is contracted. Acting as a synergist to the trapezius, the rhomboid major and minor elevate the medial border of the scapula medially and upward, working in tandem with the [[levator scapulae muscle]] to rotate the scapulae downward. While other shoulder muscles are active, the rhomboid major and minor stabilize the scapula. |
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<ref>{{cite web| title = Function (of rhomboid muscles)| publisher = GP Notebook| url = http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=1912995918&linkID=29917| accessdate = January 2011}}</ref> |
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== Innervation and blood supply == |
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The nerve supply comes from the [[dorsal scapular nerve]], with most of its fibers derived from the C5 nerve root and only minor contribution from C4 or C6. |
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| ⚫ | <ref name="Martin-Fish-2008">{{Cite journal | |
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19468892| pmc =2684151 }}, p. 4</ref> |
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=== Variation === |
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=== Actions/movements === |
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| ⚫ | Together with the rhomboid major, the rhomboid minor retracts the scapula when trapezius is contracted. Acting as a synergist to the trapezius, the rhomboid major and minor elevate the medial border of the scapula medially and upward, working in tandem with the [[levator scapulae muscle]] to rotate the scapulae downward. While other shoulder muscles are active, the rhomboid major and minor stabilize the scapula.<ref>{{cite web| title = Function (of rhomboid muscles)| publisher = GP Notebook| url = http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=1912995918&linkID=29917| access-date = January 28, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Gray's-1918">''[[Gray's Anatomy]]'' (1918), see infobox</ref> |
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== Additional images == |
== Additional images == |
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{{Gallery|width=150|height=150| |
{{Gallery|width=150|height=150|File:Rhomboid minor muscle animation small.gif|Position of rhomboid minor muscle (shown in red). |
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|File:Rhomboid minor muscle animation small.gif|Position of rhomboid minor muscle (shown in red). |
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|File:Gray203.png|Left scapula. Dorsal surface. |
|File:Gray203.png|Left scapula. Dorsal surface. |
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|File:Gray521.png|The scapular and circumflex arteries. |
|File:Gray521.png|The scapular and circumflex arteries. |
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Latest revision as of 15:53, 11 February 2024
| Rhomboid minor | |
|---|---|
 Muscles connecting the upper extremity to the vertebral column. (Rhomboid minor in red) | |
| Details | |
| Origin | Nuchal ligaments and spinous processes of C7-T1 |
| Insertion | Medial border of scapula, superior to the insertion of rhomboid major muscle |
| Artery | Deep branch of transverse cervical artery |
| Nerve | Dorsal scapular nerve (C4–5) |
| Actions | Retracts and rotates scapula, fixes scapula to thoracic wall |
| Antagonist | Serratus anterior |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | musculus rhomboideus minor |
| TA98 | A04.3.01.008 |
| TA2 | 2233 |
| FMA | 13380 |
| Anatomical terms of muscle | |
In human anatomy, the rhomboid minor is a small skeletal muscle of the back that connects the scapula to the vertebrae of the spinal column.[citation needed] It arises from the nuchal ligament, and the 7th cervical and 1st thoracic vertebrae and intervening supraspinous ligaments; it inserts onto the medial border of the scapula. It is innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve.
It acts together with the rhomboid major to keep the scapula pressed against the thoracic wall.[1]
Anatomy[edit]
Origin[edit]
The rhomboid minor arises from the inferior border of the nuchal ligament, from the spinous processes of the vertebrae C7–T1, and from the intervening supraspinous ligaments.[2]
Insertion[edit]
It inserts onto a small area of the medial border of the scapula at the level of the scapular spine.[3]
Innervation[edit]
It is innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve (a branch of the brachial plexus), with most of its fibers derived from the C5 nerve root and only minor contribution from C4 or C6.[4]
Blood supply[edit]
The rhomboid minor receives arterial blood supply from the dorsal scapular artery.[citation needed]
Relations[edit]
It is located inferior to levator scapulae, and superior to rhomboid major.[citation needed]
It lies deep to trapezius, and superficial to the long spinal muscles.[2]
Variation[edit]
It is usually separated from the rhomboid major by a slight interval, but the adjacent margins of the two muscles are occasionally united.[5]
Actions/movements[edit]
Together with the rhomboid major, the rhomboid minor retracts the scapula when trapezius is contracted. Acting as a synergist to the trapezius, the rhomboid major and minor elevate the medial border of the scapula medially and upward, working in tandem with the levator scapulae muscle to rotate the scapulae downward. While other shoulder muscles are active, the rhomboid major and minor stabilize the scapula.[6]
Additional images[edit]
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Position of rhomboid minor muscle (shown in red). -
Left scapula. Dorsal surface. -
The scapular and circumflex arteries. -
Full back muscle flex.
References[edit]
This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 434 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
- ^ Platzer, W (2004). Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol. 1: Locomotor System (5th ed.). Thieme. p. 144. ISBN 1-58890-159-9.
- ^ a b "rhomboid minor (anatomy)". GPnotebook.
- ^ Origin, insertion and nerve supply of the muscle at Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine
- ^ Martin, R. M.; Fish, D. E. (2007). "Scapular winging: anatomical review, diagnosis, and treatments". Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine. 1 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1007/s12178-007-9000-5. PMC 2684151. PMID 19468892., p. 4
- ^ Gray's Anatomy (1918), see infobox
- ^ "Function (of rhomboid muscles)". GP Notebook. Retrieved January 28, 2011.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rhomboid minor muscles.
- Anatomy photo:01:st-0211 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
