Mobile crane: Difference between revisions
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Adding local short description: "Type of heavy duty crane", overriding Wikidata description "heavy duty crane which can transport itself from place to place" |
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{{Short description|Type of heavy duty crane}} |
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==Overview== |
==Overview== |
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[[File:Tow hitch 5.jpg|thumb|left|[[Janney coupler|AAR Type "E" coupler]] serving as a [[tow hitch]] on a mobile [[Crane (machine)|crane]]. Pulling up on the link at the rear releases the knuckle allowing uncoupling.]] |
[[File:Tow hitch 5.jpg|thumb|left|[[Janney coupler|AAR Type "E" coupler]] serving as a [[tow hitch]] on a mobile [[Crane (machine)|crane]]. Pulling up on the link at the rear releases the knuckle allowing uncoupling.]] |
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Mobile [[Crane (machine)|cranes]] generally operate a boom from the end of which a [[Lifting hook|hook]] is suspended by [[wire rope]] and [[sheave (mechanical)|sheaves]]. The wire ropes are operated by whatever [[Wiktionary:prime mover|prime movers]] the designers have available, operating through a variety of [[Transmission (mechanics)|transmissions]]. [[Steam engine]]s, [[electric motor]]s, and [[internal combustion engine]]s (IC) have all been used. Older cranes' transmissions tended to be [[clutch]]es. This was later modified when using IC engines to match the steam engines' "max torque at zero speed" characteristic by the addition of a hydrokinetic element culminating in controlled [[torque converter]]s. The operational advantages of this arrangement can now be achieved by electronic control of hydrostatic drives, which for size and other considerations is becoming standard. Some examples of this type of crane can be converted to a [[demolition]] crane by adding a [[Wrecking ball|demolition ball]], or to an [[Heavy equipment (construction)|earthmover]] by adding a [[clamshell bucket]] or a [[dragline]] and scoop, although design details can limit their effectiveness. |
Mobile [[Crane (machine)|cranes]] generally operate a boom, from the end of which a [[Lifting hook|hook]] is suspended by [[wire rope]] and [[sheave (mechanical)|sheaves]]. The wire ropes are operated by whatever [[Wiktionary:prime mover|prime movers]] the designers have available, operating through a variety of [[Transmission (mechanics)|transmissions]]. [[Steam engine]]s, [[electric motor]]s, and [[internal combustion engine]]s (IC) have all been used.{{cn|date=January 2024}} Older cranes' transmissions tended to be [[clutch]]es. This was later modified when using IC engines to match the steam engines' "max torque at zero speed" characteristic by the addition of a hydrokinetic element, culminating in controlled [[torque converter]]s. The operational advantages of this arrangement can now be achieved by electronic control of hydrostatic drives, which for size and other considerations is becoming standard. Some examples of this type of crane can be converted to a [[demolition]] crane by adding a [[Wrecking ball|demolition ball]], or to an [[Heavy equipment (construction)|earthmover]] by adding a [[clamshell bucket]] or a [[dragline]] and scoop, although design details can limit their effectiveness. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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[[File:Truck-mounted crane building a bridge.jpg|thumb|220px|Truck-mounted [[Crane (machine)|crane]] at bridge constructing.]] |
[[File:Truck-mounted crane building a bridge.jpg|thumb|220px|Truck-mounted [[Crane (machine)|crane]] at bridge constructing.]] |
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Before 1870 [[Crane (machine)|cranes]] were fixed to a position, except for some mounted on [[flatcar]]s, [[Crane (rail)|railroad cranes]], which provided some restricted movement. Appleby Brothers demonstrated steam-powered cranes at Paris in 1867 and Vienna in 1873. In 1922, Henry Coles, manager of Appleby Corp., began producing truck-mounted cranes under the name ''Petrol Electric Lorry Crane.'' In 1939 the Coles were acquired by Steel and Co. Ltd. of Sunderland. Hiab invented the world's first hydraulic truck mounted crane in 1947.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sunfab.com/about-us/history.aspx|title = History | Sunfab}}</ref> The name, Hiab, comes from the commonly used abbreviation of Hydrauliska Industri AB, a company founded in Hudiksvall, Sweden 1944 by Eric Sundin, a ski manufacturer who saw a way to utilize a truck's engine to power loader cranes through the use of hydraulics. |
Before 1870 [[Crane (machine)|cranes]] were fixed to a position, except for some mounted on [[flatcar]]s, [[Crane (rail)|railroad cranes]], which provided some restricted movement. Appleby Brothers demonstrated steam-powered cranes at Paris in 1867 and Vienna in 1873. In 1922, Henry Coles, manager of Appleby Corp., began producing truck-mounted cranes under the name ''Petrol Electric Lorry Crane.'' In 1939 the Coles were acquired by Steel and Co. Ltd. of Sunderland. Hiab invented the world's first hydraulic truck mounted crane in 1947.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sunfab.com/about-us/history.aspx|title = History | Sunfab}}</ref> The name, Hiab, comes from the commonly used abbreviation of Hydrauliska Industri AB, a company founded in Hudiksvall, Sweden in 1944 by Eric Sundin, a ski manufacturer who saw a way to utilize a truck's engine to power loader cranes through the use of hydraulics. |
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Major [[Crane (machine)|crane]] development events include adoption of the internal combustion engine in 1922 and the invention of telescopic jibs. Before 1960, cranes carried additional booms with them to increase height, which increased operating costs. In 1959 crane expert R.H.Neal, hydraulics specialist F.Taylor, and design director Bob Lester integrated all three and modernized cranes. The Coles Hydra Speedcrane appeared in 1962, further modified with the 10-ton fully telescopic hydraulic boom in 1966, followed in 1968 by the 30-ton "Husky" military versions with [[four-wheel drive]]. In 1972, Steels was forced to merge with the Acrow Group, losing some of their most valuable employees, including Don Hassel and Johnny Johnson who started a new manufacturing processes plant. With backing from the [[British Crane Hire Corporation Ltd|British Crane Hire Corporation]] they acquired a small factory unit and ordered every single element of their product from subcontracted suppliers. In 1976, the Cosmos team created a 25-ton crane that combined several new developments. |
Major [[Crane (machine)|crane]] development events include adoption of the internal combustion engine in 1922 and the invention of telescopic jibs. Before 1960, cranes carried additional booms with them to increase height, which increased operating costs. In 1959 crane expert R.H.Neal, hydraulics specialist F.Taylor, and design director Bob Lester, integrated all three and modernized cranes. The Coles Hydra Speedcrane appeared in 1962, further modified with the 10-ton fully telescopic hydraulic boom in 1966, followed in 1968 by the 30-ton "Husky" military versions with [[four-wheel drive]]. In 1972, Steels was forced to merge with the Acrow Group, losing some of their most valuable employees, including Don Hassel and Johnny Johnson who started a new manufacturing processes plant. With backing from the [[British Crane Hire Corporation Ltd|British Crane Hire Corporation]] they acquired a small factory unit and ordered every single element of their product from subcontracted suppliers. In 1976, the Cosmos team created a 25-ton crane that combined several new developments.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gizaw |first=Abenezer |title=MOBILE CRANES |url=https://www.academia.edu/99040828/MOBILE_CRANES}}</ref> |
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A Liebherr heavy Crane LR 11350 lifted a dome of nuclear power plant with 281 Tonnes 62 Meter high in December 2023.<ref>https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Kudankulam-unit-3-reactor-building-dome-installed#:~:text=The%20expected%20completion%20dates%20for%20Kudankulam%203%20and%204%20are%20in%202023.</ref> |
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== Types == |
== Types == |
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== Gallery == |
== Gallery == |
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<gallery mode=packed heights=140 |
<gallery mode="packed" heights="140"> |
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File:A 130t mobile crane.jpg |
File:A 130t mobile crane.jpg|A 130t mobile crane |
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File:Mobile Cranes.jpg| |
File:Mobile Cranes.jpg|[[Demag]] AC1000, a 1000 ton mobile crane |
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File:Liebherr mobile crane 450T, Brisbane.jpg |
File:Liebherr mobile crane 450T, Brisbane.jpg|Liebherr mobile crane 450T, Brisbane |
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File:Maeder-Kriessern-Rhine-Liebherr LR 11000-32ASD.jpg |
File:Maeder-Kriessern-Rhine-Liebherr LR 11000-32ASD.jpg|Maeder-Kriessern-Rhine-Liebherr LR 11000-32ASD |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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Latest revision as of 23:15, 14 February 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2011) |
 | The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the United Kingdom and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (August 2011) |
A mobile crane is a cable-controlled crane mounted on crawlers or rubber-tired carriers or a hydraulic-powered crane with a telescoping boom mounted on truck-type carriers or as self-propelled models.[1] They are designed to easily transport[2] to a site and use with different types of load and cargo with little or no setup or assembly.
Overview[edit]
Mobile cranes generally operate a boom, from the end of which a hook is suspended by wire rope and sheaves. The wire ropes are operated by whatever prime movers the designers have available, operating through a variety of transmissions. Steam engines, electric motors, and internal combustion engines (IC) have all been used.[citation needed] Older cranes' transmissions tended to be clutches. This was later modified when using IC engines to match the steam engines' "max torque at zero speed" characteristic by the addition of a hydrokinetic element, culminating in controlled torque converters. The operational advantages of this arrangement can now be achieved by electronic control of hydrostatic drives, which for size and other considerations is becoming standard. Some examples of this type of crane can be converted to a demolition crane by adding a demolition ball, or to an earthmover by adding a clamshell bucket or a dragline and scoop, although design details can limit their effectiveness.
History[edit]
Before 1870 cranes were fixed to a position, except for some mounted on flatcars, railroad cranes, which provided some restricted movement. Appleby Brothers demonstrated steam-powered cranes at Paris in 1867 and Vienna in 1873. In 1922, Henry Coles, manager of Appleby Corp., began producing truck-mounted cranes under the name Petrol Electric Lorry Crane. In 1939 the Coles were acquired by Steel and Co. Ltd. of Sunderland. Hiab invented the world's first hydraulic truck mounted crane in 1947.[3] The name, Hiab, comes from the commonly used abbreviation of Hydrauliska Industri AB, a company founded in Hudiksvall, Sweden in 1944 by Eric Sundin, a ski manufacturer who saw a way to utilize a truck's engine to power loader cranes through the use of hydraulics.
Major crane development events include adoption of the internal combustion engine in 1922 and the invention of telescopic jibs. Before 1960, cranes carried additional booms with them to increase height, which increased operating costs. In 1959 crane expert R.H.Neal, hydraulics specialist F.Taylor, and design director Bob Lester, integrated all three and modernized cranes. The Coles Hydra Speedcrane appeared in 1962, further modified with the 10-ton fully telescopic hydraulic boom in 1966, followed in 1968 by the 30-ton "Husky" military versions with four-wheel drive. In 1972, Steels was forced to merge with the Acrow Group, losing some of their most valuable employees, including Don Hassel and Johnny Johnson who started a new manufacturing processes plant. With backing from the British Crane Hire Corporation they acquired a small factory unit and ordered every single element of their product from subcontracted suppliers. In 1976, the Cosmos team created a 25-ton crane that combined several new developments.[4]
A Liebherr heavy Crane LR 11350 lifted a dome of nuclear power plant with 281 Tonnes 62 Meter high in December 2023.[5]
Types[edit]
Gallery[edit]
-
A 130t mobile crane -
Demag AC1000, a 1000 ton mobile crane -
Liebherr mobile crane 450T, Brisbane -
Maeder-Kriessern-Rhine-Liebherr LR 11000-32ASD
References[edit]
- ^ McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms. McGraw-Hill. 1999.
- ^ "Mobile Crane Hire Ireland, Kevin Keogh Crane Services". www.kkeoghcraneservices.ie. Retrieved 2018-11-14.
- ^ "History | Sunfab".
- ^ Gizaw, Abenezer. "MOBILE CRANES".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Kudankulam-unit-3-reactor-building-dome-installed#:~:text=The%20expected%20completion%20dates%20for%20Kudankulam%203%20and%204%20are%20in%202023.
External links[edit]
